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The Zinn House (Danish : Zinnske Gård), located at Kvæsthusgade 3, is a historic townhouse around the corner from the Nyhavn Canal in central Copenhagen, Denmark. It takes its name from the Zinn family, a wealthy family of merchants who owned it for more than 150 years. The composer Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann, who was married to Emma Sophie Amalie Zinn, a granddaughter of Johann Ludvig Zinn, lived on the second floor for more than 70 years in the period 1829–1900. The building was adapted in 1907. It was later in the century converted into offices. The building was listed on the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1959.
The site was in 1689 part of a larger property (No. 21, St. Ann's East Quarter) owned by Nikolaj Veisling. It was built over with two storeys in 1751 for the merchant Oluf Blach (1694–1767). He had made a fortune in North Atlantic trade and would later serve as managing director of the General Trading Company. The property was in 1756 as No. 39 still owned by Blach.
The building was later acquired by another wealthy merchant, Johann Ludvig Zinn, who came to Denmark to work for Fabritius & Wewer in 1757 and established his own trading house in 1765. His daughter, Sophie Dorthea Zinn, described everyday life in the building in her memoirs Grandma's Confessions (Grandmamas Bekjendelser). It is believed that the Zinn House was the first place in Denmark where the La Marseillaise was sung. [1] It happened during a dinner for a delegation of French business partners on 20 January 1794 where Honoré-Nicolas-Marie Duveyrier was among the guests. Sophie Zinn persuaded him to sing the song, although "revolutionary songs" were highly controversial in Denmark at the time. Duveyrier sent her the score and lyrics the following day. [2] Zinn was fond of music, and his home often played host to soirées.
Zinn's two sons, Carl Ludvig Zinn (1777–1808) and Johan Friedrich Zinn (1779–1838), took on the family's trading company after his death in 1802. Johan became the sole owner of the company when his elder brother died in 1808. He heightened the building in Kvæsthusgade with one floor in 1812. The company was later passed on to Johan Friedrich Zinn's son Ludvig Maximilian Zinn.
Johan Friedrich Zinn's daughter, Emma Sophie Amalie, married the composer Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann. The couple lived on the second floor. Hartmann served as organist at the nearby Garrison Church from 1724 to 1843 and thereafter in the cathedral. He stayed in the apartment after his wife's death and lived there until his own death in 1900. Other composers of the family lived there, in particular Emil Hartmann, but also at times Niels W. Gade and August Winding. Also composers Asger Hamerik and C.F.E. Horneman belonged to the Zinn family and lived for a while in the house.
The journalist Jens Giødwad , editor of the magazine Fædrelandet , was a resident in the building from 1870 to circa 1874. [3] The artist Johan Rohde lived in the building in 1903–04. [4]
In the 1900s the Zinn House was purchased by Alfred Olsen & Co., an oil company founded by Alfred and Otto Olsen, in 1901, which had until then been based at Nyhavn 51. [5] Otto died in 1906. The company prospered during World War I. In 1915 Alfred Olsen commissioned the young architect Terkel Jhejle to refurbish the building. In 1916, he purchased the estate Egebæksvang at Nærum and commissioned Hjejle to expand the main building with a new wing. Olsen's wife, Olufa Olsen, née Bøjesen, died in 1917.
The company's name was changed to the Danish-American Gulf Oil Company in 1946. [6]
During Nazi Germany's occupation of Denmark, Erik Bennike operated a weapons manufactory in the building. On 17 April 1945, he and two other resistance fighters were surprised by a German razzia. Bennike was killed in a shoot-out while the two others managed to escape. [7]
The building consists of three floors over a high cellar and is 12 bays wide. The two oriel windows on the third floor date from the renovation in 1907. The original saddle roof was also replaced by a mansard roof with eight dormers at this point.
Above the gateway is a plaque that commemorates that Hartmann lived in the building from 1829 to 1900. It also mentions that the Zinn family acquired the building in 1751 and that it was renovated in 1907. [8]
The complex also comprises a side wing along the north side of a central courtyard and a rear wing. The building fronting the street was listed on the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1959, but the side wing and rear were not listed on 6 April 1959.
The building is now owned by Nordea Properties. They have converted the building from offices back to apartments with the assistance of Holsøe Arkitekter. [9]
Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann was, together with his son-in-law Niels W. Gade, the leading Danish composer of the 19th century, a period known as the Danish Golden Age. According to Alfred Einstein, he was "the real founder of the Romantic movement in Denmark and even in all Scandinavia". J.P.E. Hartmann was the third generation of composers in the Danish musical Hartmann family.
Amalia Emma Sophie Hartmann née Zinn was a Danish composer who composed under the pseudonym Frederik H. Palmer. She was married to the composer Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann (1805–1900). They lived on the second floor in the Zinn House at Kvæsthusgade 3 in Copenhagen.
The Gustmeyer House is a historic property on Ved Stranden, opposite Christiansborg Palace on Slotsholmen, in central Copenhagen, Denmark. It was built in 1797 to a Neoclassical design by Johan Martin Quist. The Nobel Prize-winning physicist Niels Bohr was born in the building. McKinsey & Company is now based in the building.
Ploug House is a listed Neoclassical property on the corner of Højbro Plads and Ved Stranden in central Copenhagen, Denmark. It dates from the building boom which followed after the Copenhagen Fire of 1795 but takes its name from the poet, publisher and politician Carl Ploug who lived there in the 1860s and 1870s and also published the newspaper Fædrelandet from the premises.
The Mahnfeldt House is a listed property fronting the Nyhavn canal in Copenhagen, Denmark. It takes its name from the company E. Mahnfeldt, which was based at the site from 1852 to 1942.
Nyhavn 11 is an 18th-century property overlooking the Nyhavn canal in central Copenhagen, Denmark. Ludvig Ferdinand Rømer established a sugar refinery on the property in 1653 and it was later continued by changing owners until at least the 1860s. A small figure of a sugar-baker holding a sugar cone is still seen above the gate. The building was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1932. Notable former residents include the general trader Jacob Severin and actors Christen Niemann Rosenkilde, Julie Sødring and Poul Reumert. The lamp manufacturer Louis Poulsen was later based in the building from 1908 to 2006.
Nyhavn 18 is a listed property overlooking the Nyhavn canal in central Copenhagen, Denmark. The writer Hans Christian Andersen lived on the first floor from 1871 until shortly before his death on 4 August 1875. The building has now been converted into residences for visiting guest artists and scientists.
Nyhavn 9 is a historic townhouse overlooking the Nyhavn Canal in central Copenhagen, Denmark. It dates back to the 17th century and is one of few buildings along the canal that was not heightened in the 19th century. The building was listed on the Danish Registry of Protected Buildings and Places in 1918. It houses a restaurant in the ground floor.
Nyhavn 13 is a historic townhouse overlooking the Nyhavn Canal in central Copenhagen, Denmark. With roots dating back to the late 17th century, it owes its current appearance to a heightening of the building with two floors in 1842. Notable former residents include the businessman Abraham Marcus Hirschsprung and the painter and educator Wilhelm Kyhn. The building was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1945.
Nyhavn 63 is a historic townhouse overlooking the Nyhavn Canal in central Copenhagen, Denmark. The building was listed on the Danish Registry of Protected Buildings and Places in 1918. A warehouse in the courtyard has been converted into a hostel.
Johann Ludvig Zinn was a German-Danish merchant who founded a trading house in Copenhagen in 1765 and died as one of the wealthiest men in the city. Zinn lived in the Zinn House at Kvæsthusgade 3 in Copenhagen. His daughter, Sophie Dorothea Zinn, wrote about her father in her memoirs, Grandma's Confessions.
Sophie Thalbitzer was a Danish memoirist known for Grandma's Confessions, which offers a rare first-hand account of everyday life for a child and young woman in an upper-class bourgeois family in Copenhagen during the late 18th and early 19th century. She was a daughter of the wealthy merchant Johann Ludvig Zinn and grew up in the Zinn House at Kvæsthusgade 3. The building was listed on the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1959.
Nyhavn 43 is a historic townhouse overlooking the Nyhavn Canal in central Copenhagen, Denmark. The building was listed on the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1945. It was refurbished in 1987.
The statue of Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann stands in front of the Garrison Church on Sankt Annæ Plads in Copenhagen, Denmark, commemorating the composer Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann who is buried at the church. The monument was designed by August Saabye and unveiled in 1905.
Kvæsthusgade is a short street in the Nyhavn Quarter of central Copenhagen, Denmark. It runs from the mouth of the Nyhavn canal in the south to Ofelia Plads in the north. The rear side of the Royal Danish Playhouse dominates the east side of the street.
Kvæsthusgade 5 is a historic property in Kvæsthusgade, a short street between the Nyhavn canal and Sankt Annæ Plads, in central Copenhagen, Denmark. The building is listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places. Notable former residents include the military officer Christian de Meza, composer Niels Gade. painter Anna Petersen and art historian Troels Troels-Lund.
Nyhavn 61 is an 18th-century residential building overlooking the Nyhavn canal in central Copenhagen, Denmark. The building was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1945. The scope of the heritage listing was expanded in 1984. Nyhavn 61 and Nyhavn 59 have now been merged into a single property and are physically integrated on the third floor. The two buildings share a central courtyard.
Nyhavn 21/Lille Strandstræde 4, formerly known as Hotel L'ven, Hotel Kronprinsen and Fredsfondens Hus, is a complex of historic buildings overlooking the Nyhavn canal in central Copenhagen, Denmark. It consists of a late 17th-century building in Nyhavn and a just two bays wide building in Lille Strandstræde as well as a two-storey rear wing from 1748. It was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1945. The restaurant Cap Horn was a popular jazz venue in the 1950s. It is now part of the Tholstrup restaurant group. Notable former residents include the politician Jens Christian Christensen and painters Anna and Michael Ancher.
Kvæsthusgade 1/Nyhavn 69 is a three-storey building situated at the corner of Nyhavn and Kvæsthusgade. A memorial featuring a bust of a diver wearing a diving helmet commemorates that Em. Z. Svitzer's Bjernings-Enterprise, a salvage company founded by Emil Zeuthen Svitzer back in 1833, was once headquartered in the building. Notable former residents include the actress Magda von Dolcke.
In 1870, Giødwad's sister, Birgitte, who had become a widow the previous year, moved from Jutland to Copenhagen to look after her bachelor brother, and the two moved into an apartment in Kvæsthusgade No. 3, where they took care of each other until Birgitte's death in 1887.