Ironclad beetles | |
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Ironclad beetle, Zopherus nodulosus haldemani | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Coleoptera |
Infraorder: | Cucujiformia |
Family: | Zopheridae |
Subfamily: | Zopherinae Solier, 1834 |
Tribes [1] | |
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Zopherinae is a subfamily of beetles, commonly known as ironclad beetles. Together with the subfamily Usechinae, they have been treated historically as a family, but have recently been joined by several additional taxa, making the Zopheridae a much larger composite family, and the Zopherinae are now only a small component within it, consisting of seven genera in the tribe Zopherini and one, Phellopsis in its own tribe (Phellopsini).
These beetles are apparently fungivores and associated with rotting wood, and as the common name implies, have one of the hardest of all arthropod exoskeletons; in some species, it is almost impossible to drive an insect pin through their bodies without using a small drill to make a hole first.
When disturbed, ironclad beetles play dead.
Some species in the genus Zopherus in Mexico are decorated with costume jewelry glued to their bodies, and sold as living brooches, known as ma'kech . [2]
The soldier beetles (Cantharidae) are relatively soft-bodied, straight-sided beetles. They are cosmopolitan in distribution. One of the first described species has a color pattern reminiscent of the red coats of early British soldiers, hence the common name. They are also known commonly as leatherwings because of their soft elytra.
The Zopheridae family of beetles has grown considerably in recent years as the members of two other families have been included within its circumscription; these former families are the Monommatidae and the Colydiidae, which are now both included in the Zopheridae as subfamilies or even as tribe of subfamily Zopherinae. Some authors accept up to six subfamilies here, while others merge all except the Colydiinae into the Zopherinae.
Zopherus chilensis, also commonly known as the ma'kech or jewelled bug, is a species of ironclad beetle in the family Zopheridae. Despite the name "chilensis", nearly all of the known specimens have been found from Mexico to Venezuela.
Zopherus concolor is a species of ironclad beetle in the family Zopheridae. It is found in North America.
Zopherus nodulosus, is a species of ironclad beetle in the family Zopheridae. It is found in Central America and North America.
Melyridae are a family of beetles of the superfamily Cleroidea.
Zopherus is a genus of beetles comprising 19 species. They live in the Americas and are adapted to wood-boring.
Epitragini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the subfamily Pimeliinae of the family Tenebrionidae. There are more than 30 genera in Epitragini, found in the North, Central, and South America.
Asidini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the subfamily Pimeliinae of the family Tenebrionidae. There are more than 30 genera in Asidini.
Euspilotus is a genus of clown beetles in the family Histeridae. There are more than 80 described species in Euspilotus.
Zopherus granicollis is a species of ironclad beetle in the family Zopheridae. It is found in Central America and North America.
Anepsiini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the subfamily Pimeliinae of the family Tenebrionidae. There are at least four genera in Anepsiini, found in North America.
Cryptochilini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the subfamily Pimeliinae of the family Tenebrionidae. There are about 11 genera in Cryptochilini, found in tropical Africa.
Cryptoglossini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the subfamily Pimeliinae of the family Tenebrionidae. There are at least three genera in Cryptoglossini, found in North America.
Edrotini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the subfamily Pimeliinae of the family Tenebrionidae. There are more than 50 genera in Edrotini, found primarily in North America and the Neotropics.
Nycteliini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the subfamily Pimeliinae of the family Tenebrionidae. There are about 12 genera in Nycteliini, found in the Neotropics.
Praociini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the subfamily Pimeliinae of the family Tenebrionidae. There are about 15 genera in Praociini, found in the Neotropics.
Stenosini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the subfamily Pimeliinae of the family Tenebrionidae. There are more than 40 genera in Stenosini.