Zopherus nodulosus

Zopherus nodulosus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Coleoptera
Suborder:	Polyphaga
Infraorder:	Cucujiformia
Family:	Zopheridae
Subfamily:	Zopherinae
Genus:	Zopherus
Species:	Z. nodulosus
Binomial name
Zopherus nodulosus Solier, 1841
Subspecies
Zopherus nodulosus haldemani, Zopherus nodulosus nodulosus [1]

Zopherus nodulosus is a species of ironclad beetle in the family Zopheridae. ^[2] It is found in Central America and North America. ^{[3] [4] [5]}

The species name nodulosus refers to the bumps or nodes on the beetle's back. ^{[6] [7]}

Subspecies

Zopherus nodulosus haldemani pattern variation

Z. n. haldemani

Z. n. haldemani Horn, 1870, common names Haldeman's ironclad beetle ^[8] or Texas ironclad beetle, ^[7] is sometimes treated as a separate species. ^{[2] [9]} It can grow between 1.5 and 2 centimetres in length. The body is a blotchy black-and-white pattern, and the legs are fully black. ^{[10] [11]} The subspecies name, haldemani, references the Haldeman brothers, Samuel Haldeman and Horace Haldeman, the former a naturalist and philologist, the latter a soldier and one of the first people to concentrate on insect collection in Texas. ^{[12] [13] [7] [9]}

They are thought to feed on lichen and dead plant material. ^{[7] [11]} Females have been observed laying eggs on American elms, and larvae and pupae have been found in pecan wood, ^{[11] [9]} which "apparently serves as the developmental site for this species". ^[11] They are found in East and Central Texas. ^{[14] [9]}

Z. n. nodulosus

Z. n. nodulosus can grow between 1.4 and 2.8 centimetres in length, and 0.5 to 1.1 cm in width. ^[15]

• 
  Z. n. haldemani
• 
  Z. n. nodulosus

References

1. "Zopherus nodulosus Solier, 1841".
2. "Zopherus nodulosus Solier, 1841". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2022-07-20.
3. "Zopherus nodulosus Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2020-01-25.
4. "Zopherus nodulosus". GBIF. Retrieved 2020-01-25.
5. "Zopherus nodulosus species Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2020-01-25.
6. "Texas Ironclad Beetle". Field Station. 2020-03-11. Retrieved 2022-07-20.
7. "One Tough Coleoptera". Arrants Outdoors, LLC. 20 July 2015. Retrieved 2022-07-20.
8. Society, National Geographic. "Four Haldeman'S Iron Clad Beetles". National Geographic Society. Retrieved 2022-07-20.
9. "Ironclad Beetle (Zopherus haldemani)". texasento.net. Retrieved 2022-07-20.
10. "Ironclad beetle". Project Noah. Retrieved 2022-07-20.
11. ""Ironclad" Beetle". texasinsects.tamu.edu. Retrieved 2022-07-20.
12. "TSHA | Haldeman, Horace". www.tshaonline.org. Retrieved 2022-07-20.
13. "Samuel Steman Haldeman". Home. Archived from the original on 2022-07-01. Retrieved 2022-07-20.
14. "Bug o'the Week - Texas Ironclad Beetle - Riveredge Nature Center". www.riveredgenaturecenter.org. Retrieved 2022-07-20.
15. A Review of the Genus Zopherus of the World (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) by Triplehorn, Charles