1989 European Parliament election in Spain

1989 European Parliament election in Spain

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All 60 Spanish seats in the European Parliament
Opinion polls
Registered	29,283,982 2.9%
Turnout	16,022,276 (54.7%) 13.8 pp
First party Second party Third party   Leader Fernando Morán Marcelino Oreja José Ramón Caso Party PSOE PP CDS Alliance SOC ED (EPP) LDR Leader since 10 April 1987 20 January 1989 28 April 1989 Leader's seat Spain Spain Spain Last election 28 seats, 39.1% 17 seats, 25.5% [lower-alpha 1] 7 seats, 10.3% Seats won 27 15 5 Seat change 1 2 2 Popular vote 6,275,552 3,395,015 1,133,429 Percentage 39.6% 21.4% 7.1% Swing 0.5 pp 4.1 pp 3.2 pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Fernando Pérez Royo Carles Gasòliba José María Ruiz-Mateos Party IU CiU Ruiz-Mateos Alliance COM (EUL) LDR EPP EDA Leader since 25 April 1987 1 January 1986 7 May 1987 Leader's seat Spain Spain Spain Last election 3 seats, 5.3% 3 seats, 4.4% 0 seats, 0.6% Seats won 4 2 2 Seat change 1 1 2 Popular vote 961,742 666,602 608,560 Percentage 6.1% 4.2% 3.8% Swing 0.8 pp 0.2 pp 3.2 pp
Winner strength by province Winner strength by autonomous community

The 1989 European Parliament election in Spain was held on Thursday, 15 June 1989, as part of the EU-wide election to elect the 3rd European Parliament. All 60 seats allocated to Spain as per the 1985 Treaty of Accession were up for election.

The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) emerged as the largest party, followed by the newly amalgamated People's Party (PP) and Adolfo Suárez's Democratic and Social Centre—both of which scoring far below expectations—, as well as left-wing United Left (IU), which improved slightly on its 1987 performance. Ruiz-Mateos Group was the election surprise by winning two seats, with former Rumasa CEO and party leader José María Ruiz Mateos being elected as MEP—which granted him immunity from criminal prosecution, as he had been a fugitive from Spanish justice at the time of his election—. Registered turnout was a record low at the time for a nationwide election held in Spain, with abstention peaking at 45.3%. ^[1]

The election was largely influenced by a recent string of PP–CDS agreements to vote no confidence motions on PSOE local governments, which included the Madrid city council and regional governments. ^{[2] [3] [4]} This was said to have influenced the election's outcome, which had resulted in a sizeable PSOE win and a collapse in support for both the PP and CDS. ^{[5] [6]} His party's showing in this election was said to be one of the reasons that led Prime Minister Felipe González to call a snap general election for 29 October 1989. ^{[7] [8]}

Electoral system

60 members of the European Parliament were allocated to Spain as per the 1985 Treaty of Accession. Voting was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights. ^{[9] [10]}

All seats were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with no electoral threshold being applied in order to be entitled to enter seat distribution. Seats were allocated to a single multi-member constituency comprising the entire national territory. The use of the D'Hondt method might result in an effective threshold depending on the district magnitude. ^[11]

Outgoing delegation

Main article: List of members of the European Parliament for Spain, 1987–1989

Outgoing delegation in May 1989 ^[12]

Groups		Parties		MEPs
				Seats	Total
	Socialist Group		PSOE	29	29
	European Democrats		PP	17	17
	Communist and Allies		PCE	1	3
			PASOC	1
			PSUC	1
	Liberal and Democratic Reformist Group		CDC	2	2
	European People's Party		UDC	1	1
	Rainbow Group		EA	1	1
	Non-Inscrits		CDS	6	7
			HB	1

Parties and candidates

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call. In order to be entitled to run, parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least 15,000 registered electors; this requirement could be lifted and replaced through the signature of at least 50 elected officials—deputies, senators, MEPs or members from the legislative assemblies of autonomous communities or from local city councils. Electors and elected officials were disallowed from signing for more than one list of candidates. ^[9]

Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:

Candidacy		Parties and alliances	Leading candidate		Ideology	Previous result		Ref.
						Votes (%)	Seats
	PSOE	List Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC)		Fernando Morán	Social democracy	39.06%	28	[13] [14]
	PP	List People's Party (PP) Navarrese People's Union (UPN) Centrists of Galicia (CdG)		Marcelino Oreja	Conservatism Christian democracy	25.54% [lower-alpha 1]	15	[15]
	CDS	List Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)		José Ramón Caso	Centrism Liberalism	10.26%	7	[16]
	IU	List Communist Party of Spain (PCE) Socialist Action Party (PASOC) Republican Left (IR) United Candidacy of Workers (CUT) Initiative for Catalonia (IC) – Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) – Agreement of Left Nationalists (ENE)		Fernando Pérez Royo	Socialism Communism	5.25%	3	[17]
	CiU	List Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC) Democratic Union of Catalonia (UDC)		Carles Gasòliba	Catalan nationalism Centrism	4.43%	3
	HB	List Popular Unity (HB) – People's Socialist Revolutionary Party (HASI) – Basque Nationalist Action (EAE/ANV) – Patriotic Socialist Committees (ASK)		Txema Montero	Basque independence Abertzale left Revolutionary socialism	1.87%	1
	PEP	List Basque Solidarity (EA) Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) Galician Nationalist Party (PNG)		Carlos Garaikoetxea	Left-wing nationalism	1.70% [lower-alpha 2]	1
	CN	List Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) Canarian Independent Groups (AIC) Galician Coalition (CG) Nationalist Party of Castile and León (PANCAL)		Jon Gangoiti	Regionalism	1.75% [lower-alpha 3]	0
	IP	List Basque Country Left (EE) Galician Socialist Party–Galician Left (PSG–EG) Valencian People's Union (UPV) Agreement of Left Nationalists (ENE) Socialist Party of Majorca (PSM) Nationalist Canarian Assembly (ACN) Aragonese Union (UA–CHA) Socialist Party of Menorca (PSM) Asturianist Party (PAS)		Juan María Bandrés	Left-wing nationalism	1.36% [lower-alpha 4]	0
	FPR	List Valencian Union (UV) Regionalist Party of Cantabria (PRC) United Extremadura (EU) Progressive Riojan Party (PRP) Melillan People's Union (UPM) Regional Party of Madrid (PRM) Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL) Union of Regionalist Parties of Castilla–La Mancha (UPRCLM)		Héctor Villalba	Regionalism	1.12% [lower-alpha 5]	0
	PA	List Andalusian Party (PA)		Pedro Pacheco	Andalusian nationalism Social democracy	0.96%	0
	Ruiz-Mateos	List Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)		José María Ruiz-Mateos	Right-wing populism	0.61% [lower-alpha 6]	0	[18]

Opinion polls

The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll. When available, seat projections are also displayed below the voting estimates in a smaller font.

Color key:

  Exit poll

Polling firm/Commissioner	Fieldwork date	Sample size	Turnout							PEP	IP	CN				ARM	LV		Lead
1989 EP election	15 Jun 1989	—	54.7	39.6 27	[lower-alpha 7]	7.1 5	6.1 4	4.2 2	1.7 1	1.5 1	1.8 1	1.9 1	1.2 0	1.9 1	[lower-alpha 7]	3.8 2	1.0 0	21.4 15	18.2
PSOE [p 1]	15 Jun 1989	39,000	54	39.3 27/28	[lower-alpha 7]	7.2 4/5	6.4 4	4.5 3	1.6 1	1.5 1	1.7 1	1.5 1	–	2.2 1	[lower-alpha 7]	3.6 2	–	21.1 14	18.2
Opina/La Vanguardia [p 2] [p 3]	15 Jun 1989	?	54.4	38.0– 39.0 26/27	[lower-alpha 7]	7.0 5	6.4 4/5	4.4 3	1.8 1	1.5 1	1.7 1	1.9 1	1.3 0/1	1.9 1	[lower-alpha 7]	4.0 2	1.2 0/1	21.0– 22.0 14/16	17.0
Sigma Dos/COPE	15 Jun 1989	?	?	35.0– 37.0 25/26	[lower-alpha 7]	7.0– 8.0 5	7.0– 7.5 5	4.3– 4.8 3	1.8– 2.0 1	1.4– 1.6 1	1.7– 1.9 1	1.4– 1.6 1	–	2.0– 2.2 1	[lower-alpha 7]	2.5– 3.0 1/2	–	22.5– 23.5 15/16	12.5– 13.5
Demoscopia/Cadena SER	15 Jun 1989	?	?	36.4 24/26	[lower-alpha 7]	7.9 5/6	6.7 4/5	5.1 3	2.3 1	1.6 1	? 1	? 1	–	? 1	[lower-alpha 7]	4.0 1/2	–	19.4 15/16	17.0
Metra Seis/RNE	15 Jun 1989	?	?	36.0– 38.0 24/26	[lower-alpha 7]	8.5– 10.0 5/7	5.5– 7.0 4/5	4.5– 5.0 3	1.3– 1.8 0/1	1.5– 2.0 0/1	2.0– 2.5 1	1.5– 2.0 0/1	–	2.0– 2.5 1	[lower-alpha 7]	2.0– 3.0 1/2	–	24.0– 26.0 16/18	12.0
OTR–IS/Interviú [p 4]	9 Jun 1989	?	?	? 26/28	[lower-alpha 7]	? 7/8	? 3/4	? 3	? 1/2	–	–	–	–	–	[lower-alpha 7]	–	–	? 15/17	?
Opina/La Vanguardia [p 5]	5–8 Jun 1989	1,800	50	37.8 25/26	[lower-alpha 7]	9.7 6/7	6.3 4	6.1 4	–	1.9 1	1.6 1	? 1	–	–	[lower-alpha 7]	–	–	25.5 17	12.3
Demoscopia/El País [p 6] [p 7] [p 8] [p 9]	1–5 Jun 1989	2,500	50	35.3 23/25	[lower-alpha 7]	10.4 6/7	6.8 4	3.6 2/3	1.9 1	1.9 1	2.5 1/2	1.7 1	–	2.7 1/2	[lower-alpha 7]	1.5 0/1	? 0/1	27.7 17/18	7.6
PP [p 10]	3 Jun 1989	?	?	? 25	[lower-alpha 7]	? 7	? 4	? 3/4	? 1	? 1	? 1	–	? 0/1	–	[lower-alpha 7]	–	–	? 17	?
ICP–Research/Diario 16 [p 9] [p 4] [p 11]	30 May–3 Jun 1989	2,400	70	37.6 24/27	[lower-alpha 7]	8.3 6/8	7.7 5/7	4.6 3	2.2 1	0.7 0/1	2.2 1	1.1 0/1	? 1	1.9 1	[lower-alpha 7]	–	? 1	19.7 15/18	17.9
Gruppo/Colpisa [p 4] [p 11]	2 Jun 1989	1,000	57–62	33.4 23/24	[lower-alpha 7]	10.5 7	7.2 5	4.4 3	1.8 1	1.5 1	1.5 0/1	1.7 1	–	1.3 0/1	[lower-alpha 7]	–	–	26.5 18/19	6.9
Opina/La Vanguardia [p 12]	15–26 May 1989	1,800	50	36.1 25/26	[lower-alpha 7]	12.4 8/9	5.7 4	6.1 3/4	2.0 1	? 0/1	2.3 1	? 0/1	? 0/1	–	[lower-alpha 7]	–	–	22.4 16/17	13.7
Demoscopia/El País [p 9] [p 13] [p 14] [p 15]	17–21 May 1989	2,500	55	37.8 25	[lower-alpha 7]	11.1 7	7.1 4	3.7 2	1.7 1	2.2 1	1.5 1	3.0 1	–	2.6 1	[lower-alpha 7]	–	–	25.5 17	12.3
CIS [p 16]	9–11 May 1989	4,459	?	41.6 28	[lower-alpha 7]	12.1 8	6.6 4	5.2 3	–	–	–	1.2 0	–	–	[lower-alpha 7]	–	–	26.1 17	15.5
Gruppo/Colpisa	26 Apr 1989	1,000	60–69	34.5 23/24	[lower-alpha 7]	11.7 7/8	8.4 5	4.2 2/3	1.8 1	1.6 1	1.6 1	1.7 1	–	–	[lower-alpha 7]	–	–	26.2 17/18	8.3
CIS [p 17]	22–24 Apr 1989	2,499	?	42.0	[lower-alpha 7]	6.0– 9.0	5.0– 7.0	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	[lower-alpha 7]	–	–	25.0– 28.0	14.0– 17.0
Opina/La Vanguardia [p 18]	7–10 Apr 1989	1,610	?	34.8	[lower-alpha 7]	15.0	5.9	6.7	–	–	–	–	–	–	[lower-alpha 7]	–	–	27.6	7.2
CIS [p 19]	6–10 Apr 1989	2,951	?	40.0– 42.0	[lower-alpha 7]	9.0– 11.0	6.0– 7.0	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	[lower-alpha 7]	–	–	23.0– 25.0	17.0
Gallup/EE [p 20]	7 Mar 1989	?	?	? 22	[lower-alpha 7]	? 7	? 5	? 3	? 0	? 1	? 1	? 0	–	? 1	[lower-alpha 7]	–	–	? 20	?
1987 EP election	10 Jun 1987	—	68.5	39.1 28	24.6 17	10.3 7	5.3 3	4.4 3	1.9 1	1.7 1	1.4 0	1.2 0	1.2 0	1.0 0	0.9 0	0.6 0	0.6 0	–	14.5

Results

Overall

For results by autonomous community/constituency, see Results breakdown of the 1989 European Parliament election in Spain.

← Summary of the 15 June 1989 European Parliament election results in Spain →

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	6,275,552	39.57	+0.51	27	–1
	People's Party (PP)1	3,395,015	21.41	–4.13	15	–2
	Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)	1,133,429	7.15	–3.11	5	–2
	United Left (IU)	961,742	6.06	+0.81	4	+1
	Convergence and Union (CiU)	666,602	4.20	–0.23	2	–1
	Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)2	608,560	3.84	+3.23	2	+2
	Nationalist Coalition (CN)3	303,038	1.91	+0.16	1	+1
	Andalusian Party (PA)	295,047	1.86	+0.90	1	+1
	Left of the Peoples (IP)4	290,286	1.83	+0.47	1	+1
	Popular Unity (HB)	269,094	1.70	–0.17	1	±0
	For the Europe of the Peoples (PEP)5	238,909	1.51	–0.19	1	±0
	Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)	197,095	1.24	+0.08	0	±0
	Green List (Adhered to the European Greens) (LV)6	164,524	1.04	+0.14	0	±0
	The Ecologist Greens (LVE)	161,903	1.02	New	0	±0
	Federation of Regional Parties (FPR)7	151,835	0.96	–0.16	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain–PCC (PCPE–PCC)	79,970	0.50	New	0	±0
	National Front (FN)	60,672	0.38	–0.26	0	±0
	Spanish Vertex Ecological Development Revindication (VERDE)	58,686	0.37	New	0	±0
	Social Democratic Coalition (CSD)	52,577	0.33	+0.20	0	±0
	Green Alternative–Ecologist Movement of Catalonia (AV–MEC)	47,250	0.30	New	0	±0
	Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG)	46,052	0.29	+0.01	0	±0
	Workers' Socialist Party–Revolutionary Workers' Party (PST–PORE)8	38,683	0.24	–0.32	0	±0
	Europe for Life (EPV)	30,252	0.19	New	0	±0
	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)	24,340	0.15	+0.03	0	±0
	Free Catalonia (CLL)	19,774	0.12	New	0	±0
	Humanist Party (PH)	19,356	0.12	±0.00	0	±0
	Alliance for the Republic (AxR)9	17,189	0.11	–0.02	0	±0
	Asturian Nationalist Unity (UNA)	13,165	0.08	New	0	±0
	Centrist Unity–Democratic Spanish Party (PED)	10,392	0.07	+0.02	0	±0
	Andalusian Liberation (LA)	9,421	0.06	+0.01	0	±0
	Initiative for a European Democracy (IDE)	8,789	0.06	New	0	±0
	Carlist Party (PC)	8,477	0.05	New	0	±0
	BACTERIA Electors' Group (BACTERIA)	0	0.00	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		200,794	1.27	+0.28
Total		15,858,470			60	±0
Valid votes		15,858,470	98.98	+0.17
Invalid votes		163,806	1.02	–0.17
Votes cast / turnout		16,022,276	54.71	–13.81
Abstentions		13,261,706	45.29	+13.81
Registered voters		29,283,982
Sources [19] [20]
Footnotes: 1 People's Party results are compared to the combined totals of People's Alliance and People's Democratic Party in the 1987 election. 2 Ruiz-Mateos Group results are compared to Social Action totals in the 1987 election. 3 Nationalist Coalition results are compared to the combined totals of Europeanist Union, Canarian Independent Groups and Nationalist Party of Castile and León in the 1987 election. 4 Left of the Peoples (1989) results are compared to Left of the Peoples (1987) totals in the 1987 election. 5 For the Europe of the Peoples results are compared to Coalition for the Europe of the Peoples totals in the 1987 election. 6 Green List (Adhered to the European Greens) results are compared to the combined totals of The Greens and Confederation of the Greens in the 1987 election. 7 Federation of Regional Parties results are compared to the combined totals of Valencian Union, United Extremadura and Regionalist Party of Cantabria in the 1987 election. 8 Workers' Socialist Party–Revolutionary Workers' Party results are compared to the combined totals of Workers' Socialist Party and Revolutionary Workers' Party of Spain in the 1987 election. 9 Alliance for the Republic results are compared to Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party totals in the 1987 election.

Popular vote PSOE   39.57% PP   21.41% CDS   7.15% IU   6.06% CiU   4.20% Ruiz-Mateos   3.84% CN   1.91% PA   1.86% IP   1.83% HB   1.70% PEP   1.51% PTE–UC   1.24% LV   1.04% LVE   1.02% Others   4.39% Blank ballots   1.27%

Seats PSOE   45.00% PP   25.00% CDS   8.33% IU   6.67% CiU   3.33% Ruiz-Mateos   3.33% CN   1.67% PA   1.67% IP   1.67% HB   1.67% PEP   1.67%

Distribution by European group

Summary of political group distribution in the 3rd European Parliament (1989–1994) ^[21]

Groups		Parties	Seats	Total	%
	Socialist Group (SOC)	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	27	27	45.00
	European People's Party (EPP)	People's Party (PP) Democratic Union of Catalonia (UDC)	15 1	16	26.67
	Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (LDR)	Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC)	5 1	6	10.00
	European United Left (EUL)	Communist Party of Spain (PCE) Initiative for Catalonia (IC) Socialist Action Party (PASOC)	2 1 1	4	6.67
	Rainbow Group (RBW)	Basque Solidarity (EA) Andalusian Party (PA)	1 1	2	3.33
	The Green Group in the European Parliament (G)	Basque Country Left (EE)	1	1	1.67
	Non-Inscrits (NI)	Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos) Popular Unity (HB) Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)	2 1 1	4	6.67
Total			60	60	100.00

Notes

1. Results for AP (24.65%, 17 seats) and PDP (0.89%, 0 seats) in the 1987 election.
2. Results for CEP in the 1987 election.
3. Results for UE (1.18%, 0 seats), AIC (0.50, 0 seats) and PANCAL (0.07%, 0 seats) in the 1987 election.
4. Results for IP in the 1987 election.
5. Results for UV (0.84%, 0 seats), EU (0.20%, 0 seats) and PRC (0.08%, 0 seats) in the 1987 election.
6. Results for AS in the 1987 election.
7. Within PP.

References

Opinion poll sources

1. "El PSOE, satisfecho de su triunfo porque no se ve una alternativa clara al Gobierno". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 16 June 1989.
2. "El PSOE resiste, erosión del PP y CDS y ascenso de grupos minoritarios". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 16 June 1989.
3. "La abstención hace que los pequeños ganen la "pedrea"". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 16 June 1989.
4. "Los sondeos electorales de los medios de comunicación muestran el retroceso del PSOE". ABC (in Spanish). 9 June 1989.
5. "Los partidos grandes repiten, los menores cambian". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 9 June 1989.
6. "El PSOE pierde de 3 a 5 escaños, IU gana 1 y el centro-derecha se mantiene". El País (in Spanish). 9 June 1989.
7. "Izquierda Unida y las minorías mejoran a costa del PSOE". El País (in Spanish). 9 June 1989.
8. "Ficha técnica". El País (in Spanish). 9 June 1989.
9. "Sondejos". Generalitat de Catalunya (in Catalan). Retrieved 16 June 2018.
10. "El hipotético relevo de Pujol". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 3 June 1989.
11. "Una vez más, las encuestas de opinión no acertaron en sus estimaciones electorales". ABC (in Spanish). 19 June 1989.
12. "Desciende el PSOE y suben centristas y comunistas". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 4 June 1989.
13. "El PSOE perderá tres escaños, pero el centro-derecha no sube". El País (in Spanish). 28 May 1989.
14. "El PSOE perderá diputados en el Parlamento Europeo". El País (in Spanish). 28 May 1989.
15. "Ficha técnica". El País (in Spanish). 28 May 1989.
16. "PSOE y PP repiten resultados y HB se queda sin escaño, dice un sondeo del CIS". ABC (in Spanish). 20 May 1989.
17. "El Gobierno estudia adelantar las elecciones". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 1 May 1989.
18. "Sigue la tónica de ligero descenso del PSOE y mejora de la oposición". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 16 April 1989.
19. "El CIS da más del 40% al PSOE". El País (in Spanish). 26 April 1989.
20. "Fuerte descenso electoral del PSOE, según una encuesta". ABC (in Spanish). 8 March 1989.

Other

1. "La abstención quita escaños a los grandes y se los da a los pequeños". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. 16 June 1989. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
2. González Ibañez, Juan (9 May 1989). "Fraga anuncia su acuerdo con el CDS para derribar a Barranco, Leguina y cuatro alcaldes socialistas". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
3. Montoliu, Pedro (18 May 1989). "Centristas y populares presentan la moción de censura contra el alcalde de Madrid". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
4. "La moción de censura contra Leguina se votará tras las elecciones europeas". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. 30 May 1989. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
5. "Caso admite que puede haber sido un error presentar mociones de censura con el PP". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. 24 June 1989. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
6. Díez, Anabel (7 August 1989). "El CDS se desmarca de los populares tras el daño electoral y la desmoralización de sus bases". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
7. González Ibañez, Juan (19 August 1989). "Felipe González, claramente favorable al adelanto de las elecciones tras reflexionar en Doñana". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
8. González Ibañez, Juan (26 August 1989). "González convocará las legislativas para el 29 de octubre". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
9. "Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General". Organic Law No. 5 of 19 June 1985 (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 March 2017.
10. "Treaty concerning the accession of the Kingdom of Spain and the Portuguese Republic to the European Economic Community and to the European Atomic Energy Community". Act of 15 November 1985 . Retrieved 21 July 2017.
11. Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
12. "Parlamento Europeo: Distribución de los Eurodiputados españoles en grupos parlamentarios". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 October 2021.
13. Díez, Anabel (7 April 1987). "Fernando Morán encabezará la candidatura del PSOE para el Parlamento Europeo". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
14. "Morán vuelve a ser el cabeza de lista del PSOE al Parlamento Europeo". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. 9 February 1989. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
15. González Ibáñez, Juan; Prieto, Joaquín (20 January 1989). "Manuel Fraga lanza hoy el Partido Popular como clave de la renovación del centro-derecha". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
16. "Confirmada la entrada de Caso en la lista europea de los centristas". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. 28 April 1989. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
17. Bayarri, Francesc (26 April 1987). "Gerardo Iglesias afirma que el Gobierno no conocía el impacto de la entrada de España en la CE". El País (in Spanish). Valencia. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
18. "Ruiz-Mateos define su partido como democrático y constitucional". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. 8 May 1987. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
19. "Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 April 2022.
20. "Elecciones Europeas 15 de junio de 1989". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 October 2021.
21. "Parlamento Europeo: Distribución de los Eurodiputados españoles en grupos parlamentarios". historiaelectoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 March 2017.

External links

• European elections Spain in Europe Politique.