2024 European Parliament election

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2024 European Parliament election
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←  2019 6–9 June 20242029 →
All 720 seats to the European Parliament
361 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
 
Ursula von der Leyen 2024.jpg
Nicolas Schmit - 2023 (cropped).jpg
2023-09-28-Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann-Deutscher Fernsehpreis 2023 -0309.jpg
Leader Ursula von der Leyen Nicolas Schmit Marie-Agnes
Strack-Zimmermann [lower-alpha 1]
Alliance EPP Group S&D Renew
Leader's seat Germany [lower-alpha 2] Luxembourg [lower-alpha 2] Germany
Last election187 seats, 21.0%148 seats, 18.5%97 seats, 13.0%
 
BDK Karlsruhe Nov 2023 Terry Reintke 2 cropped.jpg
Speech of the Lead Candidates (47941849351).jpg
Anders Vistisen portrait 2023 (3).jpg
Conclusion of the European Council meeting - 51987066887.jpg
Nicola Procaccini, June 2023.jpg
Leader Terry Reintke
Bas Eickhout 		Anders Vistisen Ryszard Legutko
Nicola Procaccini
Alliance Greens/EFA ID ECR
Leader's seat Germany
Netherlands 		Denmark Poland
Southern Italy
Last election67 seats, 11.7%76 seats, 10.8%62 seats, 8.2%
 
Augsburger Parteitag - Walter Baier 2.jpg
Leader Walter Baier
Alliance The Left
Leader's seat Austria [lower-alpha 2]
Last election40 seats, 6.5%
2024 European Parliament election.svg
Results by member state, shaded by EP group popular vote winner
Incumbent European Commission

Von der Leyen Commission (EPP)
EPP Group–S&D–Renew



The 2024 European Parliament election is scheduled to be held on 6 to 9 June 2024. [1] This will be the tenth parliamentary election since the first direct elections in 1979, and the first European Parliament election after Brexit. [2] [3] This election will also coincide with a number of other elections in the European Union.

Contents

Background

In the previous election held on 23–26 May 2019, the EPP Group and S&D suffered significant losses, while Renew, Greens/EFA and ID made substantial gains, with ECR and The Left had small reduction. The European People's Party, led by Manfred Weber, won the most seats in the European Parliament, but was then unable to secure support from other parties for Weber as candidate for President of the Commission (Spitzenkandidat). After initial deadlock, the European Council decided to nominate Ursula von der Leyen as a compromise candidate to be the new Commission President, and the European Parliament elected von der Leyen with 383 votes (374 votes needed). The commission as a whole was then approved by the European Parliament on 27 November 2019, receiving 461 votes.

The 2019 election saw an increase in the turnout, when 50.7% of eligible voters had cast a vote compared with 42.5% of the 2014 election. This was the first time that the tournout had increased since the first European Parliament election in 1979. [4] In 2024, the Eurobarometer data shows that 71% of Europeans say they are likely to vote in June, 10% higher than those who said they would in 2019. [5]

The 2024 election is expected to be one of the more contentious elections in the history of the European Parliament given the rise of right-wing parties in polling. [6] Since the last European-wide election, the right has continued to rise across Europe with right-wing populist parties holding or sharing political power in Hungary (Fidesz), Italy (Brothers of Italy), Sweden (Sweden Democrats), Finland (Finns Party), Slovakia (Slovak National Party) and Croatia( Homeland Movement) in 2024. [7] The centre-right EPP has "raised eyebrows" among some commentators for its efforts to charm parties in the ECR to create a broad conservative block, [8] which could upset the long-standing status-quo that has seen the EPP share power with the centre-left S&D and the centrist Renew Group. [9]

Electoral system

Elections to the European Parliament are regulated by the Treaty on European Union, Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and the Act concerning the election of the members of the European Parliament by direct universal suffrage (the Electoral Act). The Electoral Act states that the electoral procedure is governed by the national provisions in each member state, subject to the provisions of the act. [10] Elections are conducted by direct universal suffrage by proportional representation using either a list system or single transferable vote. [11] The national electoral threshold may not exceed 5% of votes cast. [12]

Attempts at electoral reform

In June 2018, the Council agreed to change the EU electoral law and to reform old laws from the 1976 Electoral Act as amended in 2002. [13] New provisions included a mandatory 2% threshold for countries with more than 35 seats and rules to prevent voters from voting in multiple countries. [14] After the Act was adopted by the Council following consent given by the European Parliament in July 2018, not all member states ratified the Act prior to the 2019 elections, which took place under the old rules. As of 2023, the reform has yet to be ratified by Cyprus and Spain; [15] Germany only ratified in summer 2023. [16]

On 3 May 2022, the European Parliament voted to propose a new electoral law, which would contain provisions for electing 28 seats on transnational lists. [17] As of 2024, this reform has not been approved by the Council, which must approve it unanimously, [18] meaning the election will be conducted under the 1976 Electoral Act as amended in 2002.

Apportionment

As a result of Brexit, 27 seats from the British delegation were distributed to other countries in January 2020 (those elected in 2019, but not yet seated took their seats). [19] The other 46 seats were abolished with the total number of MEPs decreasing from 751 to 705 after that. [20]

A report in the European Parliament proposed in February 2023 to modify the apportionment in the European Parliament and increase the number of MEPs from 705 to 716 in order to adapt to the development of the population and preserve degressive proportionality. [21] [22] It was passed in the plenary in June 2023. [22] On 26 July 2023, the Council reached a preliminary agreement, which would increase the size of the European Parliament to 720 seats. [23] On 13 September 2023, the European Parliament consented to this decision, [24] which was adopted by the European Council on 22 September 2023. [25]

Electoral system by country

Member stateSeatsDateVoting
age		Compulsory
voting		Absentee votingMin. age for
candidacy [26] 		Constituencies Legal threshold [lower-alpha 3] Maximum threshold [lower-alpha 4] Electoral system [27] Candidate selection [27]
Flag of Austria.svg Austria 20(+1)9 June [28] 16No By post 1814%~4.8% D'Hondt Semi-open list
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium 22(+1)9 June [29] 16 [30] Yes [31] By post and by proxy 1835%Up to 50% [lower-alpha 5] D'Hondt Semi-open list
Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria 179 June [32] 18No—211~5.9% [lower-alpha 6] [33] Largest remainder [lower-alpha 7] Semi-open list
Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia 129 June [34] 18No—1815%~7.7% D'Hondt Semi-open list
Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus 69 June [35] 18Yes—2111.8% [36] ~14.3% Largest remainder [lower-alpha 7] Open list
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic 217–8 June [37] 18No—2115% D'Hondt Semi-open list
Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark 15(+1)9 June [38] 18No By post 181—~6.3% D'Hondt [lower-alpha 8] Open list
Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia 79 June [39] 18No By post and online 211—12.5% D'Hondt Open list
Flag of Finland.svg Finland 15(+1)9 June [40] 18No By post 181—~6.3% D'Hondt Open list
Flag of France.svg France 81(+2)9 June [41] 18No By proxy 1815% D'Hondt Closed list
Flag of Germany.svg Germany 969 June [42] 16No By post 181 [lower-alpha 9] —~1.0% Sainte-Laguë Closed list
Flag of Greece.svg Greece 219 June [43] 17Yes [lower-alpha 10] By post 2513%~4.5% Largest remainder Open list
Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary 219 June [44] 18No By post 1815% D'Hondt Closed list
Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland 14(+1)7 June [45] 18No—213N/AUp to 20% [lower-alpha 11] Single transferable vote
Flag of Italy.svg Italy 768–9 June [46] 18No—255 [lower-alpha 12] 4% Largest remainder [lower-alpha 7] Open list
Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia 9(+1)8 June [47] 18No By post 2115% [48] 10% Sainte-Laguë Open list
Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania 119 June [49] 18No By post 2115%~8.3% Largest remainder [lower-alpha 7] Open list
Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg 69 June [50] 18Yes By post 181—~14.3% D'Hondt Panachage
Flag of Malta.svg Malta 68 June [51] 16No—181N/A~14.3% Single transferable vote
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands 31(+2)6 June [52] 18No By post and by proxy 181~3.2% [lower-alpha 6] [53] D'Hondt Semi-open list
Flag of Poland.svg Poland 53(+1)9 June [54] 18No—2113 [lower-alpha 12] 5% D'Hondt Open list
Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal 219 June [55] 18No—181—~4.5% D'Hondt Closed list
Flag of Romania.svg Romania 339 June [56] 18No—2315% D'Hondt Closed list
Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia 15(+1)8 June [57] 18No—2115%~6.3% Largest remainder [lower-alpha 13] Semi-open list
Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia 9(+1)9 June [58] 18No By post 181—10% D'Hondt Semi-open list
Flag of Spain.svg Spain 61(+2)9 June18No By post 181—~1.6% D'Hondt Closed list
Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden 219 June [59] 18No By post 1814%~4.5% Modified Sainte-Laguë Semi-open list

Lead candidates

Spitzenkandidat system

In the run-up to the 2014 European Parliament elections a new informal system was unveiled for the selection of the European Commission President (known colloquially as the Spitzenkandidat system) dictating that whichever party group gained the most seats (or the one able to secure the support of a majority coalition) would see their candidate become President of the Commission. [60] In 2014, the candidate of the largest group, Jean-Claude Juncker, was eventually nominated and elected as Commission President. [61] European party leaders aimed to reintroduce the system in 2019, with them selecting lead candidates and organizing a televised debate between those candidates. [62] In the aftermath of the election German Defense Minister Ursula von der Leyen was chosen as Commission President, even though she had not been a candidate prior to the election, while Manfred Weber, lead candidate for the EPP, which had gained the most seats, was not nominated as he was unable to secure support from any other party. [63] Following this appointment of a Commission President who had not been a Spitzenkandidat, some called for the system to be abandonded, while others called for it to be revived in the 2024 elections. [64] [65] [66]

In 2023, multiple political parties at the European level announced their intentions to nominate a main candidate. [67] [68] [69] [70] ECR [71] [72] and ID have rejected doing so. [73]

Overview of party candidates for Commission President in 2024

European political party EP GroupLead candidate(s)Election program
EPP European People's Party EPP Group Ursula von der Leyen "Our Europe"
PES Party of European Socialists S&D Nicolas Schmit "The Europe We Want"
ALDE Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party Renew Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann “Your Europe, Your Freedom"
EDP European Democratic Party Sandro Gozi "Reinventing Europe"
EGP European Green Party Greens/EFA Bas Eickhout, Terry Reintke "Courage to Change"
EFA European Free Alliance Greens/EFA, ECR Maylis Roßberg  [ de ], Raül Romeva "A Europe for All"
ID Identity and Democracy Party ID None [lower-alpha 14] None
ECR European Conservatives and Reformists Party ECR None "Party Manifesto"
PEL Party of the European Left The Left Walter Baier "Our Moment"
ECPM European Christian Political Movement EPP Group, ECR Valeriu Ghilețchi "elevate. empower. engage."
European political party not recognised by the EUEP GroupLead candidate(s)Election program
PPEU European Pirate Party Greens/EFA Marcel Kolaja, Anja Hirschel "Common European Election Program"
Volt Volt Europa Damian Boeselager, Sophie in 't Veld "Electoral Moonshot Programme"

European People's Party

The centre-right EPP held its congress in Bucharest on 6–7 March 2024 to elect its presidential candidate and adopt its election programme. [76] Nominees required the backing of their own member party and not more than two other EPP member parties from EU countries, with nominations closing on February 21. [77]

On 19 February 2024, Ursula von der Leyen announced her intention to run, supported by the CDU. [78] On 7 March von der Leyen was elected presidential candidate with 400 votes in favour, 89 against and 10 blank, out of the 737 EPP delegates at the EPP congress. [79] Among others, it is believed that the French and Slovenian delegations voted against. [80] [81]

Party of European Socialists

The centre-left PES held its congress in Rome on 2 March. Nominees required the backing of nine PES full member parties or organisations, with nominations closing on 17 January. [82]

On 18 January, the PES announced that the Luxembourgish European Commissioner for Jobs and Social Rights Nicolas Schmit was the sole nominee to meet the nominating requirements. [83] He was then nominated on 2 March during the party congress, along with the adoption of the election programme. [84]

Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party

The ALDE party held its extraordinary congress in Brussels on 20–21 March 2024. [85] On 7 March 2024, following months of speculation, Estonian Prime Minister Kaja Kallas announced that she had rejected the offer from ALDE to be the party's Spitzenkandidat. [86] Luxembourg’s former Prime Minister Xavier Bettel announced that he is not interested in the post either. [87]

On 11 March, the German FDP nominated Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann to become presidential candidate. [88] She was then elected on March 20 during the party congress, along with the adoption of the election programme. [89] [90]

European Democratic Party

During the 8 March 2024 Convention in Florence, the European Democratic Party nominated Sandro Gozi as its lead candidate and approved its election programme. [91]

European Green Party

During the 2–4 February 2024 congress in Lyon, the European Green Party elected Terry Reintke and Bas Eickhout as its two presidential candidates and adopted its election programme. [92] [93] [94] Nominees were Bas Eickhout, Elīna Pinto, Terry Reintke, Benedetta Scuderi. [95] [96]

European Free Alliance

In October 2023, the congress of the European Free Alliance elected Maylis Roßberg and Raül Romeva as its presidential candidates, and adopted its election programme. [97] [98]

Party of the European Left

During the 24–25 February 2024 congress in Ljubljana, [99] the PEL elected Walter Baier as its presidential candidate and adopted its election programme. [100]

European Christian Political Movement

In a meeting held on 24 February 2024, the European Christian Political Movement appointed party president Valeriu Ghilețchi as its lead candidate for the European Commission. [101]

European Pirate Party

At its General Assembly in Luxembourg in January 2024, the European Pirate Party nominated Marcel Kolaja and Anja Hirschel as lead candidates. [102]

Volt Europa

On 27 November 2023, Volt Europa adopted its European election programme at its General Assembly in Paris. [103] During the 6–7 April 2024 campaign launch event in Brussels the party elected German MEP Damian Boeselager and Dutch MEP Sophie in 't Veld as its lead candidates. [104] Regarding which European Parliament group to join after the elections, Boeselager said he was “open to discussions” between remaining in Greens/EFA or joining Renew Europe in due course. [105] To emphasise its demand for transnational lists, Volt Europa also presented a symbolic transnational list for the election alongside its leading candidates. [106]

Campaign

Issues

Economy

Climate change

Foreign policy

The future of Ursula von der Leyen

Ursula von der Leyen, the current European Commission President, did not formally announce her intention to stand for a second term until February 2024. This led to speculation about other potential EPP candidates, such as President of the European Parliament Roberta Metsola. However, on 19 February 2024, von der Leyen announced her intention to seek a second term. [78] and on 7 March she was elected European People's Party presidential candidate with 400 votes in favour, 89 against and 10 blank, out of the 737 EPP congressional delegates. [79]

In Germany, the coalition government had also agreed to support the spitzenkandidat system., [107] implicitly accepting the prospect of von der Leyen, who within Germany hails from the opposition CDU party, becoming Commission President again, depending on the election results. Otherwise, the German government coalition agreement grants the right to nominate the next German EU Commissioner to the Greens, provided the Commission President is not from Germany. [108]

The future of Charles Michel

In January 2024, Charles Michel announced he would step down early as president of the European Council to run for the European Parliament instead. [109] This would have meant that European Union leaders would potentially discuss his successor in the summer [110] as, if elected to the European Parliament, he would have had to step down because of prohibition of the dual mandate. [111] His mandate had been to set to expire in November 2024. [112] For this unanticipated decision Michel was criticised by EU officials and diplomats. [113] He was criticised by his political ally Sophie in 't Veld who questioned his "credibility". [114] This timing was further crticised for potential disruptions it could cause, as Article 2(4) of the European Council's Rules of Procedure provide that, if its President leaves office early, he "shall be replaced, where necessary until the election of his or her successor, by the member of the European Council representing the Member State holding the six-monthly Presidency of the Council". [115] This would have been the Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban, whose country would be scheduled to take over the rotating presidency of the European Council on 1 July. [116] On 26 January 2024, Michel withdrew his candidacy and thus delayed his departure. [117]

Debates

2024 European Parliament election debates
Date and timeLocationOrganisersModeratorsLanguageParticipants
 P  Present  A  Absent  I  Invited  NI  Not invited
EPP PES ALDE EDP EGP EFA ID ECR PEL ECPM
29 April 2024
19:00 CET [118] [119] 		Theater aan het Vrijthof, Maastricht, Netherlands Studio Europa Maastricht,
Politico Europe 		Barbara Moens, Marcia LuytenEnglishP
von der Leyen 		P
Schmit 		P
Strack-Zimmermann [lower-alpha 15] 		P
Eickhout 		P
Roßberg 		P
Vistisen [lower-alpha 14] 		AP
Baier 		P
Ghilețchi
23 May 2024
15:00 CET [120] [121] 		Espace Léopold, Brussels, Belgium European Broadcasting Union,
European Parliament 		TBAEnglishP
von der Leyen 		P
Schmit 		P
Gozi [lower-alpha 16] 		P
Reintke 		IIIP
Baier 		I

Maastricht, Netherlands

The first debate was held on Monday, 29 April 2024 from 19:00 to 20:30 CET at the Theater aan het Vrijthof in Maastricht, Netherlands. [119] It was hosted by Studio Europa Maastricht and Politico Europe and was EBU’s Eurovision News Exchange distributed the feed to its public service media network of members. [119] An initiative of Maastricht University, it was the third edition of the so-called "Maastrich Debate" [119] [122] All ten registered European Political parties were invited to the debate. [119]

The debate questions focused on three main themes: climate change, foreign and security policy, and EU democracy. [119] During the debate, Ursula von der Leyen indicated she would be open to a deal with the European Conservatives and Reformists group after the election saying that the collaboration “depends very much on how the composition of the Parliament is, and who is in what group”. [123]

Brussels, Belgium

The second debate will be held on Thursday, 23 May 2024 from 15:00 to 16:45 CET at the European Parliament in Brussels, Belgium. [121] [124] It will be hosted by the European Broadcasting Union together with the European Parliament and it will be broadcast on public service media channels and online platforms members. [121] It will be the third edition of the so-called "Eurovision Debate". Invitations to the debate have been sent to the ten recognised European Political parties, with only one lead candidate allowed to be nominated from each of the seven Political groups of the European Parliament. [121] [125]

Voting advice applications

Several voting advice applications at the European level have been developed to help voters choose their candidates.

The Adeno application allows users to discover the European group that best matches their convictions through 100 questions (20 in the express mode) covering 10 themes. The application also offers a multiplayer mode. It is available on Android [126] and iPhone. [127]

The VoteTracker.eu website allows users to visualise the votes of MEPs of the 2019–2024 legislature on 18 selected votes, and to find the MEPs who best match their convictions. [128]

EuroMPmatch is a collaborative project between EUmatrix and the European University Institute aimed at enhancing citizen engagement in EU policy-making. By analyzing MEPs' actual voting records on 20 key topics, the project offers citizens a quiz to determine alignment with MEPs, parties, and political groups. [129] [130]

Opinion polling and seat projections

Polling aggregations

Seat projections

Europe Elects, Der Föderalist and Politico Europe have been presenting seat projections throughout the legislative period. Other institutes started presenting data during the election campaign. All projections make their national-level data transparent, except Politico Europe, which only presents aggregate EU-level data.

Polling aggregatorDate updatedNumber of seats The Left S&D G/EFA Renew EPP ECR ID NI Others
Politico Europe [131] 10 May 202472031146438117374844246
election.de [132] 9 May 2024720401405589177808455–
corneliushirsch.com [133] 9 May 2024720431374887183829446–
Europe Elects [134] 28 Apr 20247204414048861838684481
Der Föderalist [135] Baseline [lower-alpha 17] 26 Apr 202472035132518617381833544
Dynamic [lower-alpha 18] 720391345389181869939–
EM Analytics [136] 22 Apr 2024720391395177181868661–
2019 election After Brexit1 Feb2020705401486797187627628–
Before Brexit26 May20197514115474108182627357–

Europe Elects has been presenting popular vote projections throughout the legislative period. Other institutes started presenting data during the election campaign.

Polling aggregatorDate updated The Left S&D G/EFA Renew EPP ECR ID NI Others
The Economist [137] 10 May 20246.0%17.0%6.0%10.0%23.0%10.0%10.0%4.0%13.0%
Europe Elects [134] 28 Apr 20246.3%18.3%7.7%9.9%22.9%11.8%11.2%6.6%5.2%
EM Analytics [138] 22 Apr 20247.0%18.5%7.9%10.3%22.0%11.1%12.1%6.7%4.6%
2019 election
Before Brexit26 May20196.5%18.5%11.7%13.0%21.0%8.2%10.8%7.2%3.1%

Controversies

Conflict with Portuguese national holiday

The dates chosen for the elections conflict with a long weekend in Portugal, where Portugal Day, a national holiday, is celebrated on 10 June, which is expected to suppress turnout. [139] Despite an attempt by Portuguese leaders to find a compromise, no change was made to the default date of 6–9 June, [140] which required unanimity to be changed.

Qatargate

The ongoing Qatargate corruption scandal, which began in December 2022, has destabilized the European Parliament following the arrest of several MEPs including Marc Tarabella; Andrea Cozzolino and Eva Kaili who was stripped of her vice presidency. Other suspects in the case include Francesco Giorgi, the parliamentary assistant of MEP Andrea Cozzolino, Pier Antonio Panzeri, founder of the Fight Impunity NGO; Niccolo Figa-Talamanca, head of the No Peace Without Justice NGO; and Luca Visentini, head of the International Trade Union Confederation. [141] [142]

Following the scandal, the European Parliament revised its rules of procedure and its code of conduct in September 2023 [143] placing six main obligations on MEPs: [144]

Hungary

The European Parliament views Hungary as a "hybrid regime of electoral autocracy" since 2022 and considers Hungary according to Article 7.1 of the Treaty on European Union in clear risk of a serious breach of the Treaty on European Union. [145] [146] In January 2024, a majority of European Parliament MEPs voted for a resolution demanding that the EU Council considers that Hungary be stripped of its EU voting rights under Article 7 of the Treaty. [147]

Russian influence scandal

On 27 March, the Czech Republic sanctioned the news site Voice of Europe, claiming that the site is part of a network for pro-Russian influence. [148] The following day, Belgian Prime Minister De Croo, referring to the sanctions during a debate in the Belgian parliament, said that Russia had targeted MEPs, but also paid them. [149] On 2 April, the Czech news portal Denik N reported, citing several ministers, that there are audio recordings of the German far-right politician Petr Bystron (MP, AfD) that incriminate him of having accepted money. [150] On 12 April, it became known that the Belgian public prosecutor's office is investigating whether European politicians were paid to spread Russian propaganda. In addition to Bystron, the investigation is also targeting Dutch MEP Marcel de Graaff (FvD) and German MEP Maximilian Krah (AfD). Ukrainian politician and businessman Viktor Medvedchuk, who is close to Russian President Vladimir Putin, is believed to be the man behind Voice of Europe. [151]

See also

Concurrent elections

Notes

  1. ↑ Strack-Zimmermann is the candidate representing ALDE. In addition Sandro Gozi is the candidate representing the EDP, and Valérie Hayer is the candidate representing L'Europe Ensemble
  2. 1 2 3 Not running for a European Parliament seat
  3. ↑ This is the legal threshold. The share of the vote needed to win a seat may be higher than this in some countries.
  4. ↑ This is the maximum vote share necessary to mathematically guarantee winning a seat. It is here calculated as the Droop quota for each country. Where the legal threshold exceeds this threshold, the legal threshold is shown instead.
  5. ↑ Depends on the constituency: 50% in the German-speaking electoral college, ~11.1% in the French-speaking electoral college, and ~7.1% in the Dutch-speaking electoral college.
  6. 1 2 1 divided by the number of seats.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Hare quota with residual fit by largest remainders
  8. ↑ Denmark allows for electoral alliances between separate party lists.
  9. ↑ Seats are apportioned to parties nationally. A party can choose to only stand in some of the 16 states and have its national seat count be subapportioned to those states. Only the CDU and the CSU have done this in previous elections.
  10. ↑ Not enforced.
  11. ↑ Depends on the constituency: 20% in Dublin, ~16.7% in Midlands–North-West and South.
  12. 1 2 Seats are apportioned to parties nationally, then subapportioned to the constituencies.
  13. ↑ Droop quota with residual fit by largest remainders
  14. 1 2 Anders Vistisen was selected to participate on behalf of the party in pre-election debates, but he is not a lead candidate. [74] [75]
  15. ↑ Lead candidate for ALDE, representing in the debate the entire Renew Europe parliamentary group
  16. ↑ Lead candidate for EDP, representing in the debate the entire Renew Europe parliamentary group
  17. ↑ Groups all parties not represented in the European Parliament into "others", unless it is a member of a political party at the European level.
  18. ↑ Groups all parties not represented in the European Parliament into a group or non-inscrits.

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Manfred Weber is a German politician who has served as President of the European People's Party (EPP) since 2022 and as Leader of the EPP Group in the European Parliament since 2014. He has been a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Germany since 2004. He is a member of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU), part of the European People's Party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ursula von der Leyen</span> President of the European Commission since 2019

Ursula Gertrud von der Leyen is a German physician and politician serving as the 13th president of the European Commission since 2019. She served in the German federal government between 2005 and 2019, holding successive positions in Angela Merkel's cabinet, most recently as federal minister of defence. Von der Leyen is a member of the centre-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and its affiliated europarty, the European People's Party (EPP). On 7 March 2024, the EPP elected her as its Spitzenkandidat to lead the campaign for the 2024 European parliament elections.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2009 European Parliament election</span> European Parliament election

The 2009 European Parliament election was held in the 27 member states of the European Union (EU) between 4 and 7 June 2009. A total of 736 Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) were elected to represent some 500 million Europeans, making these the biggest trans-national elections in history. An additional 18 observers were pre-elected.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">European Conservatives and Reformists</span> European Parliament political group

The European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) is a soft Eurosceptic, anti-federalist political group of the European Parliament. The ECR is the parliamentary group of the European Conservatives and Reformists Party European political party (formerly known as the Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe or Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists, but also includes MEPs from four other European parties and thirteen MEPs without European party affiliation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2014 European Parliament election</span> 2016 elections for the European parliament

The 2014 European Parliament election was held in the European Union, from 22 to 25 May 2014.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ska Keller</span> German politician

Franziska Maria "Ska" Keller is a German politician and member of the European Parliament for the Germany constituency. She is a member of the Alliance 90/The Greens, part of the European Green Party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2019 European Parliament election</span>

The 2019 European Parliament election was held between 23 and 26 May 2019, the ninth parliamentary election since the first direct elections in 1979. A total of 751 Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) represent more than 512 million people from 28 member states. In February 2018, the European Parliament had voted to decrease the number of MEPs from 751 to 705 if the United Kingdom were to withdraw from the European Union on 29 March 2019. However, the United Kingdom participated alongside other EU member states after an extension of Article 50 to 31 October 2019; therefore, the allocation of seats between the member states and the total number of seats remained as it had been in 2014. The Ninth European Parliament had its first plenary session on 2 July 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paulo Rangel</span> Portuguese jurist and politician

Paulo Artur dos Santos Castro de Campos Rangel is a Portuguese jurist and politician of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) who has been Minister of Foreign Affairs since 2024, in the XXIV Constitutional Government, led by Luís Montenegro.

<i>Spitzenkandidat</i> European political process

The Spitzenkandidat process is the method of linking the choice of President of the Commission to the outcome of the European Parliament elections, with each major European Political Party nominating their candidate for Commission President prior to the Parliamentary elections. The Spitzenkandidat of the largest party would then be proposed by the European Council to the European Parliament for election to the Commission Presidency.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ninth European Parliament</span> Incumbent session of the European Parliament from 2019 to 2024

The ninth European Parliament was elected during the 2019 elections and is slated to remain in session until the forthcoming 2024 elections.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Renew Europe</span> European Parliament political group

Renew Europe (Renew) is a liberal, pro-European political group of the European Parliament founded for the ninth European Parliament term. The group is the successor to the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) group which existed during the sixth, seventh and eighth terms from 2004 to 2019, and under a variety of other names in earlier Parliaments. Renew Europe in the European Committee of the Regions is the sister group of Renew Europe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Von der Leyen Commission</span> European Commission since 2019

The von der Leyen Commission is the current European Commission, in office since 1 December 2019 and is to last until the 2024 elections. It has Ursula von der Leyen as its president and it further consists of one commissioner from each of the member states of the European Union.

The European Parliament election is set to take place in June 2024. This article lists national polls for the European Union (EU) election as well as EU-wide seat projections and popular vote estimates.

References

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