2010 United States elections

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2010 United States elections
← 2008          2009         2010         2011          2012 →
Midterm elections
Election dayNovember 2
Incumbent president Barack Obama (Democratic)
Next Congress 112th
Senate elections
Overall controlDemocratic hold
Seats contested38 of 100 seats
(34 seats of Class III + 5 special elections) [1]
Net seat changeRepublican +6
2010 United States Senate elections results map.svg
2010 Senate election results map
     Republican gain
     Democratic hold     Republican hold
House elections
Overall controlRepublican gain
Seats contestedAll 435 voting seats
Popular vote marginRepublican +6.8%
Net seat changeRepublican +63
2010 House elections.svg
2010 House election results map
     Democratic hold     Republican hold
     Democratic gain     Republican gain
Gubernatorial elections
Seats contested39 (37 states, 2 territories)
Net seat changeRepublican +6
2010 United States gubernatorial elections results map.svg
2010 Gubernatorial election results map
     Democratic gain     Republican gain
     Democratic hold     Republican hold
     Independent gain

The 2010 United States elections were held on Tuesday, November 2, 2010, in the middle of Democratic President Barack Obama's first term. Republicans ended unified Democratic control of Congress and the presidency by winning a majority in the House of Representatives and gained seats in the Senate despite Democrats holding Senate control.

Contents

Republicans gained seven seats in the Senate (including a special election held in January 2010) but failed to gain a majority in the chamber. In the House of Representatives, Republicans won a net gain of 63 seats, the largest shift in seats since the 1948 elections. In state elections, Republicans won a net gain of six gubernatorial seats and flipped control of twenty state legislative chambers, giving them a substantial advantage in the redistricting that occurred following the 2010 United States census. The election was widely characterized as a "Republican wave" election.

The heavy Democratic losses in 2010 were mainly attributed to the passing of the Affordable Care Act along with a poor economic recovery from the Great Recession and large budget deficits. This marked the first election since 1858 that yielded a Republican-controlled House and a Democratic-controlled Senate. This configuration was also in place for most of the 107th Congress, but on account of Senator Jim Jeffords' party switch rather than the election results.

Issues

Candidates and voters in 2010 focused on national economic conditions and the economic policies of the Obama administration and congressional Democrats. Attention was paid to public anger over the Wall Street bailout signed into law by President George W. Bush in late 2008. Voters were also motivated for and against the sweeping reforms of the health care system enacted by Democrats in 2010, as well as concerns over tax rates and record deficits. [2] At the time of the election, unemployment was over 9%, and had not declined significantly since Barack Obama had become President. Further eroding public trust in Congress were a series of scandals that saw Democratic Representatives Charlie Rangel and Maxine Waters, as well as Republican Senator John Ensign, all accused of unethical and/or illegal conduct in the months leading up to the 2010 election.

The fiscally-focused and quasi-libertarian Tea Party movement was a vocal force in mobilizing voters for Republican candidates nationwide. Their widespread exposure in the media contributed to the election's focus on economic, rather than social, issues. In the opinion of Fox News political analyst Dick Morris, a "fundamental change" occurred in which social issues did not dominate Republican activism in 2010, because "economic and fiscal issues prevail. The Tea Party has made the Republican Party safe for libertarians." [3]

Immigration reform had become an important issue in 2010, particularly following the passage of Arizona Senate Bill 1070, officially known as the Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act. The Act greatly enhanced the power of Arizona's law enforcement agencies to investigate the immigration status of suspected illegal immigrants and to enforce state and national immigration laws. The Act also required immigrants to carry their immigration documentation on their person at all times. Its passage by a Republican-led legislature and its subsequent and very public signing by Jan Brewer, the Republican Governor of Arizona, ignited protests across the Southwest and galvanized political opinion among both pro-immigration Latino groups and Tea Party activists, many of whom supported stronger measures to stem illegal immigration.

The passage of the controversial Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act also contributed to the low approval ratings of Congress, particularly Democrats, in the months leading up to the election. Many Republicans ran on a promise to repeal the law, and beat incumbent Democratic opponents who had voted in favor of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.

Federal elections

Congressional elections

Senate elections

On January 19, 2010, a special election was also held for the Class I seat in Massachusetts, as a result of the death of incumbent Senator Ted Kennedy. Republican Scott Brown won the seat.

The 34 seats in the United States Senate Class III were up for election. In addition, the Class I/II seats held by appointed Senators Ted Kaufman of Delaware, Kirsten Gillibrand of New York, and Carte Goodwin of West Virginia were contested in special elections on the same day. Republicans picked up six seats, but Democrats retained a majority in the Senate.

House of Representatives elections

All 435 voting seats in the United States House of Representatives were up for election. Additionally, elections were held to select the delegates for the District of Columbia and four of the five U.S. territories. The only seat in the House not up for election was that of the Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico, who serves a four-year term and faced election in 2012. Republicans won the nationwide popular vote for the House of Representatives by a margin of 6.8 points [4] and picked up 63 seats, taking control of the chamber for the first time since the 2006 elections. This represented the largest single-election shift in House seats since the 1948 elections and the largest midterm election shift since the 1938 elections. The only seat Democrats flipped without unseating a Republican was Delaware's lone congressional seat, going to former Lt. Governor John Carney. [5] [6]

State elections

Partisan control of state governments after the 2010 elections: .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{} Democrats maintained trifecta Democrats gained trifecta Republicans maintained trifecta Republican gained trifecta Divided government maintained Divided government established Officially non-partisan legislature USStateControl2010postelections.svg
Partisan control of state governments after the 2010 elections:
  Democrats maintained trifecta
  Democrats gained trifecta
  Republicans maintained trifecta
  Republican gained trifecta
  Divided government maintained
  Divided government established
  Officially non-partisan legislature

Gubernatorial elections

37 state and two territory United States governors were up for election. Republicans picked up a net of six state governorships; Democrats won control of five governorships previously controlled by Republicans, but Republicans took 11 governorships.

Other statewide elections

In many states where the following positions are elected offices, voters elected state executive branch offices (including Lieutenant Governors (though some will be voted for on the same ticket as the gubernatorial nominee), Secretary of state, state Treasurer, state Auditor, state Attorney General, state Superintendent of Education, Commissioners of Insurance, Agriculture or, Labor, etc.) and state judicial branch offices (seats on state Supreme Courts and, in some states, state appellate courts).

State legislative elections

Republicans scored record gains, gaining at least 680 total seats and taking control of 20 legislative chambers through election, while the Democrats lost 21 chambers. [7] [8] The winners of this election cycle were slated to serve in their respective legislatures for either two or four-year terms, depending on state election rules.

Republicans made substantial gains in state legislatures across the nation. Twenty chambers flipped from Democratic to Republican control, giving Republicans full control of eleven state legislatures and control of one chamber in Colorado, Iowa, and New York.1 [9] Additionally, Republicans gained enough seats in the Oregon House of Representatives to produce a 30-30 party split, pushing Democrats into a power-sharing agreement that resulted in the election of two "co-speakers" (one from each party) to lead the chamber. [10] Republicans gained a total of 680 seats in state legislative races, breaking the previous record of 628 flipped seats set by Democrats in the post-Watergate elections of 1974. [11]

Six states saw both chambers switch from Democrat to Republican majorities: Alabama (where the Republicans won a majority and a trifecta for the first time since 1874), Maine (for the first time since 1964), Minnesota (for the first time since 1915 in partisan elections and 1973 in non-partisan elections), New Hampshire, North Carolina (for the first time since 1896), and Wisconsin. In addition, by picking up the lower chambers in Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Montana [lower-alpha 1] and Pennsylvania, Republicans gained control of both chambers in an additional five states. Further, Republicans picked up one chamber from Democrats in Colorado, Iowa, and New York to split control in those states. They expanded majorities in both chambers in Texas, Florida, and Georgia. The massive Republican victories in legislative races would be widely expected to significantly impact the redrawing of congressional districts for the 2012 election cycle.

Local elections

On November 2, 2010, various cities, counties, school boards, and special districts (in the United States) witnessed elections. Some elections were high-profile.

High-profile mayoral elections are listed below:

Turnout

Approximately 82.5 million people voted. [15] Turnout increased relative to the last U.S. midterm elections without any significant shift in voters' political identification. [16]

Table of federal and state results

Bold indicates a change in control. Note that not all states held gubernatorial, state legislative, and United States Senate elections in 2010.

State [17] Before 2010 elections [18] After 2010 elections [19]
State PVI GovernorState leg. US Senate US House GovernorState leg. US Senate US House
Alabama R+13RepDemRepRep 5–2RepRepRepRep 6–1
Alaska R+13RepSplitSplitRep 1–0RepSplitSplitRep 1–0
Arizona R+6RepRepRepDem 5–3RepRepRepRep 5–3
Arkansas R+9DemDemDemDem 3–1DemDemSplitRep 3–1
California D+7RepDemDemDem 34–19DemDemDemDem 34–19
Colorado EvenDemDemDemDem 5–2DemSplitDemRep 4–3
Connecticut D+7RepDemSplit D/I [lower-alpha 2] Dem 5–0DemDemSplit D/I [lower-alpha 2] Dem 5–0
Delaware D+7DemDemDemRep 1–0DemDemDemDem 1–0
Florida R+2IndRepSplitRep 15–10RepRepSplitRep 19–6
Georgia R+7RepRepRepRep 7–6RepRepRepRep 8–5
Hawaii D+12RepDemDemSplit 1–1DemDemDemDem 2–0
Idaho R+17RepRepRepSplit 1–1RepRepRepRep 2–0
Illinois D+8DemDemDemDem 12–7DemDemSplitRep 11–8
Indiana R+6RepSplitSplitDem 5–3RepRepRepRep 6–3
Iowa D+1DemDemSplitDem 3–2RepSplitSplitDem 3–2
Kansas R+11DemRepRepRep 3–1RepRepRepRep 4–0
Kentucky R+10DemSplitRepRep 4–2DemSplitRepRep 4–2
Louisiana R+10RepDemSplitRep 6–1RepDemSplitRep 6–1
Maine D+5DemDemRepDem 2–0RepRepRepDem 2–0
Maryland D+9DemDemDemDem 7–1DemDemDemDem 6–2
Massachusetts D+12DemDemSplitDem 10–0DemDemSplitDem 10–0
Michigan D+4DemSplitDemDem 8–7RepRepDemRep 9–6
Minnesota D+2RepDemDemDem 5–3DemRepDemSplit 4–4
Mississippi R+10RepDemRepDem 3–1RepDemRepRep 3–1
Missouri R+3DemRepSplitRep 5–4DemRepSplitRep 6–3
Montana R+7DemSplitDemRep 1–0DemRepDemRep 1–0
Nebraska R+13Rep NP SplitRep 3–0RepNPSplitRep 3–0
Nevada D+1RepDemSplitDem 2–1RepDemSplitRep 2–1
New Hampshire D+2DemDemSplitDem 2–0DemRepSplitRep 2–0
New Jersey D+4RepDemDemDem 8–5RepDemDemDem 7–6
New Mexico D+2DemDemDemDem 3–0RepDemDemDem 2–1
New York D+10DemDemDemDem 26–2DemSplitDemDem 21–8
North Carolina R+4DemDemSplitDem 8–5DemRepSplitDem 7–6
North Dakota R+10RepRepDemDem 1–0RepRepSplitRep 1–0
Ohio R+1DemSplitSplitDem 10–8RepRepSplitRep 13–5
Oklahoma R+17DemRepRepRep 4–1RepRepRepRep 4–1
Oregon D+4DemDemDemDem 4–1DemSplitDemDem 4–1
Pennsylvania D+2DemSplitDemDem 12–7RepRepSpiltRep 12–7
Rhode Island D+11RepDemDemDem 2–0IndDemDemDem 2–0
South Carolina R+8RepRepRepRep 4–2RepRepRepRep 5–1
South Dakota R+9RepRepSplitDem 1–0RepRepSplitRep 1–0
Tennessee R+9DemRepRepDem 5–4RepRepRepRep 7–2
Texas R+10RepRepRepRep 20–12RepRepRepRep 23–9
Utah R+20RepRepRepRep 2–1RepRepRepRep 2–1
Vermont D+13RepDemSplit D/I [lower-alpha 3] Dem 1–0DemDemSplit D/I [lower-alpha 3] Dem 1–0
Virginia R+2RepSplitDemDem 6–5RepSplitDemRep 8–3
Washington D+5DemDemDemDem 6–3DemDemDemDem 5–4
West Virginia R+8DemDemDemDem 2–1DemDemDemRep 2–1
Wisconsin D+2DemDemDemDem 5–3RepRepSplitRep 5–3
Wyoming R+20DemRepRepRep 1–0RepRepRepRep 1–0
United StatesEvenDem 26–23Dem 27–14Dem 59–41Dem 255–178Rep 29–20Rep 25–16Dem 53–47Rep 242–193
Washington, D.C. D+43Dem [lower-alpha 4] Dem [lower-alpha 4] —DemDemDem—Dem
American Samoa —NP/D [lower-alpha 5] NPDemNP/D [lower-alpha 5] NPDem
Guam RepDemDemRepDemDem
N. Mariana Islands CP RepInd [lower-alpha 6] CPRepDem [lower-alpha 7]
Puerto Rico PNP/R [lower-alpha 8] PNP PNP/D [lower-alpha 9] PNP/R [lower-alpha 8] PNPPNP/D [lower-alpha 9]
U.S. Virgin Islands DemDemDemDemDemDem
SubdivisionPVI Governor State leg. U.S. Senate U.S. House Governor State leg. U.S. Senate U.S. House
Subdivision and PVIBefore 2010 electionsAfter 2010 elections

Notes

  1. ↑ Prior to the 2010 election, the 100 seats in the Montana House of Representatives were evenly split between Democrats and Republicans, but the Democratic Party controlled the chamber by virtue of holding the governor's office.
  2. 1 2 Joe Lieberman was elected as an independent but continued to caucus with Senate Democrats. Connecticut's other Senator was a Democrat.
  3. 1 2 Bernie Sanders was elected as an independent but caucused with Senate Democrats. Vermont's other Senator was a Democrat.
  4. 1 2 Washington, D.C. does not elect a governor or state legislature, but it does elect a mayor and a city council.
  5. 1 2 Although elections for governor of American Samoa are non-partisan, Governor Togiola Tulafono affiliates with the Democratic party at the national level.
  6. ↑ Northern Marianas Islands Delegate Gregorio Sablan was elected as an independent in 2008 and caucused with the Democrats in Congress after taking office in 2009.
  7. ↑ Sablan was re-elected as a Democrat in 2010.
  8. 1 2 Puerto Rican Governor Luis Fortuño is a member of the New Progressive Party but affiliates with the Republican Party at the national level.
  9. 1 2 Puerto Rico's Resident Commissioner, Pedro Pierluisi, was elected as a member of the New Progressive Party and has caucused with the Democrats since taking office in 2009.

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References

  1. ↑ The Class 2 Senate seat in Illinois held concurrent regular and special elections in November 2010. That special election is not included in the total number of seats contested.
  2. ↑ Jeffrey M. Jones, "Americans Give GOP Edge on Most Election Issues; Greatest Republican advantages on terrorism, immigration, federal spending", Gallup, September 1, 2010
  3. ↑ ""The New Republican Right", TheHill.com". Realclearpolitics.com. 2010-10-20. Retrieved 2013-04-20.
  4. ↑ "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010" (PDF). U.S. House of Reps, Office of the Clerk. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
  5. ↑ "In Redistricting Year, GOP Gains a Big Edge". November 4, 2010. Retrieved November 4, 2010.
  6. ↑ "Four More Lessons from the GOP Landslide". November 4, 2010. Archived from the original on November 8, 2010. Retrieved November 4, 2010.
  7. ↑ Memoli, Michael A. (November 3, 2010). "State legislative gains give Republicans unprecedented clout to remake districts - Los Angeles Times". Articles.latimes.com. Retrieved June 4, 2013.
  8. ↑ Balz, Dan (November 14, 2010). "The Republican takeover in the states". Washingtonpost.com. Retrieved June 4, 2013.
  9. ↑ Storey, Tim. "GOP Makes Historic State Legislative Gains in 2010". Rasmussen Reports. Rasmussen Report, LLC. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
  10. ↑ Cole, Michelle (Jan 11, 2011). "Oregon House makes history by electing two co-speakers". The Oregonian. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
  11. ↑ "Devastation: GOP Picks Up 680 State Leg. Seats". November 4, 2010. Archived from the original on October 28, 2012. Retrieved November 4, 2010.
  12. ↑ Voters say 'yes' to home rule - News. Standard Speaker (2010-11-03). Retrieved on 2013-07-23.
  13. ↑ "Luzerne County : Election Results Archive". www.luzernecounty.org. Archived from the original on 11 January 2018. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
  14. ↑ timesleadervideo (2 January 2012). "Luzerne County Council members sworn in - The Times Leader reports". Archived from the original on 2021-11-17. Retrieved 18 March 2018– via YouTube.
  15. ↑ Tomasky, Michael (November 3, 2010). "Turnout: says a lot". The Guardian. London. Retrieved November 3, 2010.
  16. ↑ "It's the Ideology, Stupid: Midterm elections". The New Republic. November 4, 2010. Retrieved November 4, 2010.
  17. ↑ "Partisan Voter Index by State, 1994-2014" (PDF). Cook Political Report. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 November 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2016. PVI in 2010
  18. ↑ "2010 State and Legislative Partisan Composition" (PDF). National Conference of State Legislatures. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  19. ↑ "2011 State and Legislative Partisan Composition" (PDF). National Conference of State Legislatures. Retrieved 19 May 2016.

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