New Revised Standard Version

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New Revised Standard Version
NRSV Bible & Apocrypha.gif
NRSV Bible with the Apocrypha
AbbreviationNRSV
Complete Bible
published		1989
Derived from Revised Standard Version (2nd ed., 1971)
Textual basis
Translation type Formal equivalence [5]
Reading levelHigh school
Version revision2021 [lower-alpha 2]
Publisher National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA
CopyrightNew Revised Standard Version Bible, copyright © 1989 National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Religious affiliation Protestant [5] [lower-alpha 3]
Genesis 1:1–3
In the beginning when God created the heavens and the earth, the earth was a formless void and darkness covered the face of the deep, while a wind from God swept over the face of the waters. Then God said, "Let there be light"; and there was light.
John 3:16
"For God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, so that everyone who believes in him may not perish but may have eternal life.

The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) is a translation of the Bible in contemporary English. Published in 1989 by the National Council of Churches, [8] the NRSV was created by an ecumenical committee of scholars "comprising about thirty members". [9] The NRSV relies on recently published critical editions of the original Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek texts. A major revision, the New Revised Standard Version Updated Edition (NRSVue), was released in 2021.

Contents

Used broadly among biblical scholars, [10] [11] the NRSV was intended as a translation to serve the devotional, liturgical, and scholarly needs of the broadest possible range of Christian religious adherents.

The tradition of the King James Version has been continued in the Revised Standard Version and in the New Revised Standard Version. [8] [12] The full 84 book translation includes the Protestant enumeration of the Old Testament, the Apocrypha, and the New Testament; another version of the NRSV includes the deuterocanonical books as part of the Old Testament, which is normative in the canon of Roman Catholicism, along with the New Testament (totalling 73 books). [11] [13] [14]

The translation appears in three main formats: (1) an edition including the Protestant enumeration of the Old Testament, the Apocrypha, and the New Testament (as well an edition that only includes the Protestant enumeration of the Old Testament and New Testament); (2) a Roman Catholic Edition with all the books of that canon in their customary order, and (3) the Common Bible, which includes the books that appear in Protestant, Catholic, and Eastern Orthodox canons (but not additional books from Oriental Orthodox traditions, including the Syriac and Ethiopian canons). [14] A special edition of the NRSV, called the "Anglicized Edition", employs British English spelling and grammar instead of American English. [15]

History

The New Revised Standard Version was translated by the Division of Christian Education (now Bible Translation and Utilization) of the National Council of Churches in the United States. The group included scholars representing Orthodox, Catholic and Protestant Christian groups as well as Jewish representation in the group responsible for the Hebrew Scriptures or Old Testament. The mandate given the committee was summarized in a dictum: “As literal as possible, as free as necessary.” [14]

Committee of translators

The following scholars were active on the NRSV Committee of translators at the time of publication. [14]

Principles of revision

Improved manuscripts and translations

The Old Testament translation of the RSV was completed before the Dead Sea Scrolls were available to scholars. The NRSV was intended to take advantage of this and other manuscript discoveries, and to reflect advances in scholarship. [8]

Gender language

In the preface to the NRSV Bruce Metzger wrote for the committee that “many in the churches have become sensitive to the danger of linguistic sexism arising from the inherent bias of the English language towards the masculine gender, a bias that in the case of the Bible has often restricted or obscured the meaning of the original text”. [8] The RSV observed the older convention of using masculine nouns in a gender-neutral sense (e.g. "man" instead of "person"), and in some cases used a masculine word where the source language used a neutral word. This move has been widely criticised by some, including within the Catholic Church, and continues to be a point of contention today. The NRSV by contrast adopted a policy of inclusiveness in gender language. [8] According to Metzger, “The mandates from the Division specified that, in references to men and women, masculine-oriented language should be eliminated as far as this can be done without altering passages that reflect the historical situation of ancient patriarchal culture.” [8]

Reception

Many mainline Protestant churches officially approve the NRSV for both private and public use. The Episcopal Church (United States) in Canon II.2 added the NRSV to the list of translations approved for church services. It is also widely used by the United Methodist Church, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), the Presbyterian Church (USA), the Presbyterian Church in Canada, [16] the United Church of Christ, the Reformed Church in America, the United Church of Canada, and the Uniting Church in Australia.

In accordance with the 1983 Code of Canon Law, Canon 825.1, the NRSV with the deuterocanonical books received the Imprimatur of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops, [17] meaning that the NRSV (Catholic Edition) is officially approved by the Catholic Church and can be profitably used by Catholics in private study and devotional reading. The New Revised Standard Version, Catholic Edition also has the imprimatur, granted on 12 September 1991 and 15 October 1991, respectively. For public worship, such as at weekly Mass, most Catholic Bishops' Conferences in English-speaking countries require the use of other translations, either the adapted New American Bible in the dioceses of the United States and the Philippines or the English Standard Version and Revised New Jerusalem Bible in most of the rest of the English-speaking world. [18] [19] However, the Canadian conference and the Vatican approved a modification of the NRSV for lectionary use in 2008. [20] The NRSV, along with the Revised Standard Version, is also quoted in several places in the English-language edition of the Catechism of the Catholic Church , the latter of which summarizes Catholic doctrine and belief in written form.

In 1990 the synod of the Orthodox Church in America decided not to permit use of the NRSV in liturgy or in Bible studies on the grounds that it is highly "divergent from the Holy Scriptures traditionally read aloud in the sacred services of the Church." [21]

NRSV Catholic Edition (NRSV-CE)

The New Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition (NRSV-CE) is an edition of the NRSV for Catholics. It contains all the canonical books of Scripture accepted by the Catholic Church arranged in the traditional Catholic order. Because of the presence of Catholic scholars on the original NRSV translation team, no other changes to the text were needed. [22]

An Anglicized Text form of the NRSV-CE, embodying the preferences of users of British English, is also available from various publishers.

Liturgical use and approval

The NRSV-CE received the imprimatur of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops in 1991, granting official approval for Catholic use in private study and devotional reading.

In 2007, the Canadian conference and the Vatican approved a modification of the NRSV for lectionary use beginning the following year. [23] The NRSV-CE, along with the Revised Standard Version (RSV), is also one of the texts adapted and quoted in the English-language edition of the Catechism of the Catholic Church. [24]

NRSV Updated Edition (NRSVue)

New Revised Standard Version Updated Edition
AbbreviationNRSVue
Complete Bible
published		2021
Derived fromNew Revised Standard Version
Textual basis
Translation type Formal equivalence [5]
Reading levelHigh school
Publisher National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA
CopyrightNew Revised Standard Version Updated Edition, copyright © 2021 National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Religious affiliation Protestant [5] [lower-alpha 4]
Webpage www.friendshippress.org/pages/about-the-nrsvue
Genesis 1:1–3
When God began to create the heavens and the earth, the earth was complete chaos, and darkness covered the face of the deep, while a wind from God swept over the face of the waters. Then God said, "Let there be light," and there was light.
John 3:16
"For God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, so that everyone who believes in him may not perish but may have eternal life.

The New Revised Standard Version Updated Edition (NRSVue) is a major revision of the NRSV. A three-year process of reviewing and updating the text of the NRSV was announced at the 2017 Annual Meeting of the Society of Biblical Literature. [29] The update was managed by the SBL following an agreement with the copyright-holding NCC. The stated focuses of the review are incorporating advances in textual criticism since the 1989 publication of the NRSV, improving the textual notes, and reviewing the style and rendering of the translation. A team of more than fifty scholars, led by an editorial board, is responsible for the review. [30] It was released for digital purchase on December 25, 2021, with the first print editions following in 2022. [31]

Commentary and criticism

Mark Ward, a theologically conservative writer and graduate of Bob Jones University, disagreed with how NRSVue translated of 1 Corinthians 6:9–10 and 1 Timothy 1:10. He said that the Greek text was most likely condemning male homosexuality, while the NRSVue opted for a broader "men who engage in illicit sex" translation of the phrase. [32]

Study editions

Canon

The New Revised Standard Version is available in an 84-book Ecumenical Bible that includes the Old Testament, Apocrypha and New Testament; a 66-book Protestant Bible that only includes the Old Testament and New Testament; and a 73-book Catholic edition containing the Catholic enumeration of the Old Testament and the New Testament. [13] [14] [33] A third edition incorporates the Eastern Orthodox canon.

Notes

  1. ↑ The translation teams had preliminary access to "changes to be introduced into the critical apparatus of the ... 4th edition." [4]
  2. ↑ See the section regarding the NRSV Updated Edition (NRSVue).
  3. ↑ Primarily associated with mainline Protestantism, the New Revised Standard Version features the work of "translation teams" that are "both ecumenical and interfaith," [6] consisting of "scholars affiliated with various Protestant denominations, as well as several Roman Catholic members, an Eastern Orthodox member, and a Jewish member who serves in the Old Testament section." [7]
  4. ↑ Primarily associated with mainline Protestantism, the New Revised Standard Version Updated Edition features the work of "translation teams" that are "both ecumenical and interfaith," having developed the NRSVue as "a Bible produced by consensus that can be used among and across pluralistic communities in contexts both academic and religious." [28]

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The deuterocanonical books are books and passages considered by the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Oriental Orthodox Churches or the Assyrian Church of the East to be canonical books of the Old Testament, but which Jews and Protestants regard as apocrypha. They date from 300 BC to 100 AD, before the separation of the Christian church from Judaism. While the New Testament never directly quotes from or names these books, the apostles quoted the Septuagint, which includes them. Some say there is a correspondence of thought, and others see texts from these books being paraphrased, referred, or alluded to many times in the New Testament, depending in large measure on what is counted as a reference.

The Old Testament (OT) is the first division of the Christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh, a collection of ancient religious Hebrew and occasionally Aramaic writings by the Israelites. The second division of Christian Bibles is the New Testament, written in Koine Greek.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Septuagint</span> Greek translation of Hebrew scriptures

The Septuagint, sometimes referred to as the Greek Old Testament or The Translation of the Seventy, and often abbreviated as LXX, is the earliest extant Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible from the original Hebrew. The full Greek title derives from the story recorded in the Letter of Aristeas to Philocrates that "the laws of the Jews" were translated into the Greek language at the request of Ptolemy II Philadelphus by seventy-two Hebrew translators—six from each of the Twelve Tribes of Israel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Revised Standard Version</span> English translation of the Bible

The Revised Standard Version (RSV) is an English translation of the Bible published in 1952 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA. This translation itself is a revision of the American Standard Version (ASV) of 1901, and was intended to be a readable and literally accurate modern English translation which aimed to "preserve all that is best in the English Bible as it has been known and used through the centuries" and "to put the message of the Bible in simple, enduring words that are worthy to stand in the great Tyndale-King James tradition."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">English Standard Version</span> English translation of the Bible

The English Standard Version (ESV) is a translation of the Bible in contemporary English. Published in 2001 by Crossway, the ESV was "created by a team of more than 100 leading evangelical scholars and pastors." The ESV relies on recently published critical editions of the original Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek texts.

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References

  1. ↑ NRSV Pew Bible. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers. 2004. pp. vii–viii. ISBN   978-1-56563-495-4. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  2. ↑ NRSV Pew Bible with the Apocrypha. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers. 2005. p. viii. ISBN   978-1-56563-739-9. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  3. ↑ NRSV Pew Bible. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers. 2004. p. viii. ISBN   978-1-56563-495-4. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  4. ↑ NRSV Pew Bible. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers. 2004. p. viii. ISBN   978-1-56563-495-4. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Bible Translation Spectrum". Logos Bible Software Wiki. Archived from the original on January 7, 2023. Retrieved January 7, 2023.
  6. ↑ NRSV Updated Edition Pew Bible. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers. 2022. p. xi. ISBN   978-1-4964-7210-6. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  7. ↑ NRSV Pew Bible. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers. 2004. p. vii. ISBN   978-1-56563-495-4. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Preface to the NRSV Archived 2010-02-06 at the Wayback Machine from the National Council of Churches website
  9. ↑ NRSV Pew Bible. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers. 2004. p. vii. ISBN   978-1-56563-495-4. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  10. ↑ "Endorsements". NRSV: The New Revised Standard Version of the Bible. Archived from the original on June 9, 2017. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  11. 1 2 Bertone, John (1 September 2016). Finding God in Scripture. Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN   978-1-5326-0475-1. The NRSV was published in 1989 and is popular among academics and church leaders. It is an ecumenical Bible translation whose committee consists of thirty men and women who are among the top scholars in America today. They come from Protestant denominations, the Roman Catholic Church, and the Greek Orthodox Church. The committee also includes a Jewish scholar. The NRSV is available in three forms: a standard edition with or without the Apocrypha; a Roman Catholic Edition, which includes the so-called "Apocryphal" or "Deuterocanonical" books in the Roman Catholic canonical order; and the Common Bible, which includes all books belonging to the Protestant, Roman Catholic and Orthodox canons.
  12. ↑ Durken, Daniel (17 December 2015). New Collegeville Bible Commentary: Old Testament. Liturgical Press. ISBN   978-0-8146-3587-2. The King James tradition was continued in the Revised Version of 1881 and 1885, the Revised Standard Version of 1946 and 1952, and the New Revised Standard Version of 1989.
  13. 1 2 "New Revised Standard w/ Apocrypha (NRSA)". Bible Study Tools. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 "New Revised Standard Version - Home". Marketing Pages. Retrieved 2019-12-07. Standing in this tradition, the NRSV is available in three ecumenical formats: a standard edition with or without the Apocrypha, a Roman Catholic Edition, which has the so-called "Apocryphal" or "Deuterocanonical" books in the Roman Catholic canonical order, and The Common Bible, which includes all books that belong to the Protestant, Roman Catholic, and Orthodox canons.
  15. ↑ Amazon.co.uk entry for Anglicized NRSV
  16. ↑ "PCC Writer's Style Guide" (PDF). Presbyterian Church in Canada – Life and Mission Agency. November 2009. p. 19. Retrieved 2020-11-05. The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) is the official Bible standard for The Presbyterian Church in Canada.
  17. ↑ The Go-Anywhere Thinline Bible Catholic Edition New Revised Standard Version. HarperOne. 2011. p. ix. ISBN   978-0062048363. ...and an edition of the Old and New Testaments with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books placed between the two Testaments. The text of the latter edition received the Imprimatur (official approbation) of the United States and Canadian Catholic Bishops.
  18. ↑ "A New Lectionary for Scotland". Scottish Catholic Media Office. July 24, 2020. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
  19. ↑ "New Zealand helps with new lectionary project". www.cathnews.co.nz. 2021-05-10. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  20. ↑ Swan, Michael (September 5, 2007). "NRSV Bible gets Vatican recognition". The Catholic Register.
  21. ↑ Bishop Tikhon (Fitzgerald). "Bishop's Pastoral Letter on the New Revised Standard Version" . Retrieved 2007-04-22.
  22. ↑ The Go-Anywhere Thinline Bible Catholic Edition New Revised Standard Version. HarperOne. February 1, 2011. pp. ix–x. ISBN   978-0062048363. ...Because of this Catholic presence no change in the translation was requested for this edition. The only exceptions are the Book of Esther, which exists in two different forms that are explained below, and the Book of Daniel, which includes the deuterocanonical portions that are listed below...In this Catholic edition, however, the translation of the Greek portions [of Esther] has been inserted at the appropriate places of the translation of the Hebrew form of the book.
  23. ↑ "Revised lectionary approved for Canada". Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops. August 24, 2007. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
  24. ↑ Altemose, Charlene (1994). What You Should Know about the Catechism of the Catholic Church. Liguori Publications. p. 37. ISBN   9780892436477. The Revised Standard Version (RSV) and The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) are the editions of the Bible used in the Catechism.
  25. ↑ NRSV Updated Edition Pew Bible. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers. 2022. p. x. ISBN   978-1-4964-7210-6. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  26. ↑ NRSV Updated Edition Pew Bible. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers. 2022. pp. x–xi. ISBN   978-1-4964-7210-6. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  27. ↑ NRSV Updated Edition Pew Bible. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers. 2022. p. xi. ISBN   978-1-4964-7210-6. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  28. ↑ NRSV Updated Edition Pew Bible. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers. 2022. pp. xi–xii. ISBN   978-1-4964-7210-6. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  29. ↑ "SBL to Provide a Review and Update to the New Revised Standard Version" (PDF). SBL Society Report. 2017. p. 7.
  30. ↑ "FOLLOWING THE TRAIL OF BREADCRUMBS FOR THE UPCOMING NRSV REVISION". Catholic Bible Talk. 2019.
  31. ↑ "NRSV Updated Edition".
  32. ↑ "Does the NRSV Compromise on Homosexuality?".
  33. ↑ "New Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition". Archived from the original on 2021-07-26. Retrieved 2021-07-26. Standing in this tradition, the NRSV is available in three ecumenical formats: a standard edition with or without the Apocrypha, a Roman Catholic Edition, which has the so-called "Apocryphal" or "Deuterocanonical" books in the Roman Catholic canonical order, and The Common Bible, which includes all books that belong to the Protestant, Roman Catholic, and Orthodox canons.
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