Included when possible are dates and the source language(s) and, for incomplete translations, what portion of the text has been translated. Certain terms that occur in many entries are linked at the bottom of the page.
Because various biblical canons are not identical, the "incomplete translations" section includes only translations seen by their translators as incomplete, such as Christian translations of the New Testament alone. Translations comprising only part of certain canons are considered "complete" if they comprise the translators' complete canon, e.g. Jewish versions of the Tanakh.
A literal translation of the oldest known Aramaic New Testament texts in the form of a study bible having extensive annotation, a historical practice of textual scholarship to assist understanding in context. In this case, the period of early Christianity. For example, explaining the literal Aramaic of “Jesus” as “Y'shua”. The Aramaic is featured with Hebrew letters and vowel pointing.
The Messianic Aleph Tav Scriptures (MATS) is a study bible which focuses on the study of the Aleph Tav character symbol used throughout the old testament (Tanakh) in both the Pentateuch and the Prophets, from the Messianic point of view, this English rendition reveals every place the Hebrew Aleph Tav symbol was used as a "free standing" character symbol believed by some Messianic groups to express the "strength of the covenant" in its original meaning.
OT was translated in stages, with editions progressively replacing books in the Challoner revision of the Douay-Rheims; when complete, it was published in 1970 as the New American Bible
Replaces traditional ecclesiastical terminology such as "church", "bishop" and "baptise" with alternative translations such as "congregation", "overseer" and "immerse".
James Moffatt's 'The New Testament, A New Translation'
Aiming to be the first modern public domain translation, with the NT edited from the public domain Twentieth Century New Testament and the OT newly translated.
Organizes the text by the Masoretic section divisions (parashot) rather than the traditional Christian chapter divisions. Eight books currently published: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, and Samuel;[6] all are open access and accessible at https://archive.org.
Restored Greek syntax. A concordance of every form of every Greek word was made and systematized and turned into English. The whole Greek vocabulary was analyzed and translated, using a standard English equivalent for each Greek element.
Masoretic Text, various critical editions of the Greek text (i.a. Tregelles, Tischendorf, Westcott and Hort).
This Bible version is now Public Domain due to copyright expiration.
Not associated with any church. Because of the short version of the title on the Darby Bible, which is New Translation, it is often confused with a translation done decades later by the Jehovah's Witnesses organization named the New World Translation.
Authorized King James Version which restores the Divine Name, Jehovah to the original text in 6,973 places, Jah in 50 places and Jehovah also appears in parentheses in the New Testament wherever the New Testament cross references a quote from the Old Testament in 297 places. Totaling to 7,320 places.
Uses various methods, such as "emphatic idiom" and special diacritical marks, to bring out nuances of the underlying Greek, Hebrew, and Aramaic texts. Public Domain due to copyright expiration.
Derived from the 1971 edition of the Revised Standard Version.[8] Based on Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (5th ed., 1997); UBS Greek New Testament (5th corrected ed.); and Novum Testamentum Graece (28th ed., 2012).[9]
Adheres to an "essentially literal" translation philosophy. Attempts wherever possible for the Old Testament "to translate difficult Hebrew passages as they stand in the Masoretic text rather than resorting to emendations or to finding an alternative reading in the ancient versions."[9]
The Old Testament translation is based on the Hebrew Masoretic text. It follows the edition of Seligman Baer except for the books of Exodus to Deuteronomy, which never appeared in Baer's edition. For those books, C. D. Ginsburg's Hebrew text was used. This Bible version is now Public Domain due to copyright expiration.
Public domain in most of the world. Crown copyright in the United Kingdom due to crown letters patent until 2039, and all countries which have international mutual copyright recognition agreements.
Published by Covenant Press. It is the first English translation featuring continuous text-blocks similar to the autographs. It also makes use of the caesura mark and the transliterated Tetragrammaton.
"Clarified Textus Receptus"[13]—including the Masoretic Text, Textus Receptus, MCT Octuagint,[14][15] and the MCT Brit Chadashah;[16] with contextual dictionaries and concordances.
States "A precise and unabridged translation of the 'Clarified Textus Receptus' -- including Hebrew OT to English, Greek NT to English, Hebrew OT to Greek OT (the MCT Octuagint) to English, and Greek NT to Hebrew NT (the MCT Brit Chadashah)".
The translation methodology is: "Concept for concept, Context for context, Word for word."[12]
Published in "the Literary Reading Order"[17] by LivingSon Press[18]
By Ann Spangler, The Names of God Bible restores the transliterations of ancient names—such as Yahweh, El Shadday, El Elyon, and Adonay—to help the reader better understand the rich meaning of God's names that are found in the original Hebrew and Aramaic text.
The NABRE is the latest official English Catholic Bible translation released. An update to it (mainly to the New Testament as of now) is scheduled for release in 2025.
1950 (New Testament) 1960 (single volume complete Bible) 1984 (reference edition with footnotes) 2013 (revised) 2018 (Study Bible)
Westcott and Hort's Greek New Testament, Nestle-Aland Greek New Testament, Hebrew J documents, as well as various other families of Hebrew and Greek manuscripts.
The RSV-2CE is a slight update of the 1966 Revised Standard Version - Catholic Edition
It removes archaic pronouns (thee, thou) and accompanying verb forms (didst, speaketh), revises passages used in the lectionary according to the Vatican document Liturgiam authenticam and elevates some passages out of RSV footnotes when they reflect Catholic teaching. For instance, the RSV-2CE renders "almah" as "virgin" in Isaiah 7:14, restores the term "begotten" in John 3:16 and other verses, uses the phrase "full of grace" instead of "favored one" in Luke 1:28, and substitutes "mercy" for "steadfast love" (translated from the Hebrew hesed) throughout the Psalms. As with the original RSV, gender-neutral language is not used when it has no direct referent in original language of the text.
This version is based on a limited 3000 word vocabulary and everyday sentence structure - it is also known as "the Plain English Bible, the International English Bible, and the God Chasers Extreme New Testament"
Codex Vaticanus (according to the introduction in the reprint edition by S. F. Pells) of the Septuagint (but excluding the Apocrypha) and of the New Testament
The Old Testament translation is based on the Hebrew Masoretic text. It follows the edition of Seligman Baer except for the books of Exodus to Deuteronomy, which never appeared in Baer's edition. For those books, C. D. Ginsburg's Hebrew text was used.
"The heart of the project is retelling the story of the Bible in a form as fluid as modern literary works while remaining painstakingly true to the original Greek, Hebrew, and Aramaic texts." ( ISBN1401680313)
1913 (first volumes of the NT) 1915, 1935 (various volumes and editions of the WVSS were published from 1913 - 1935)
Greek and Hebrew
This was an early Catholic attempt to translate the Bible into English from the original Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek languages instead of from the Latin Vulgate. Was partially translated and released in various versions with the Douay-Rheims making up whatever books were not yet translated.
Based on the American Standard Version first published in 1901, the Biblia Hebraica Stutgartensa Old Testament, and the Greek Majority Text New Testament.
Released into the public domain by Rainbow Missions, Inc. (nonprofit corporation) [21]
Translation of the Four Gospels from the Peschito, based on the eastern text, J. W. Etheridge (1846)[23]
John Wesley Etheridge's translation of the entire New Testament appears in The Etheridge New Testament (2013) compiled by Bruce A. Klein (has Etheridge's bracketed comments), and also in Etheridge Translation of the Aramaic Peshitta New Testament (2016) compiled by Ewan MacLeod
Murdock Translation of the Aramaic Peshitta New Testament (2015) compiled by Ewan MacLeod
The Syriac New Testament, based on the western text, James Murdock (1851)[24]
Aramaic Peshitta New Testament Translation by Janet M. Magiera
The Messianic Aleph Tav Interlinear Scriptures: Volume Four Gospels (2016) and Messianic Aleph Tav Interlinear Scriptures: Volume Five Acts-Revelation by William H. Sanford (interlinear Aramaic + Etheridge translation; interlinear Greek + English translation)
The Aramaic Gospels and Acts: Text and Translation (2003) by Joseph Pashka
A Translation, in English Daily Used, of the Peshito-Syriac Text, and of the Received Greek Text, of Hebrews, James, 1 Peter, and 1 John (1889) and A Translation, In English Daily Used, of the Seventeen Letters Forming Part of the Peshito-Syriac Books (1890) by William Norton
The Testimony of Yeshua (2013) by Lonnie Martin is a reworked Etheridge and Murdock rendition of the New Testament
The Message of Matthew: An Annotated Parallel Aramaic-English Gospel of Matthew (1991) by Rocco A. Errico
Crawford Codex of Revelation: Aramaic Interlinear with English Translation (2016) by Greg Glaser
Gorgias Press's The Antioch Bible series contains the Peshitta New Testament with English translation, plus many Peshitta Old Testament books
Lapid Jewish Aramaic New Testament by Christopher Fredrickson and Lapid Publications is a translation from the Khabouris Codex, Yonan Codex and Houghton 1199 Codex. It also includes 560 transliterations and definitions of key Aramaic words and phrases within the text. (2010)
This list does not include adaptations of such as the Hebraic Roots Version by James Trimm (2001) which are adaptations from the JPS New Testament (translated directly from Greek into Hebrew), not the Peshitta.
See also
Jane Aitken, first woman in the United States to print an English version of the Bible
The New Testament (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events relating to first-century Christianity. The New Testament's background, the first division of the Christian Bible, is called the Old Testament, which is based primarily upon the Hebrew Bible; together they are regarded as Sacred Scripture by Christians.
In the textual criticism of the New Testament, the Byzantine text-type is one of the main text types. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts of the Greek New Testament. The New Testament text of the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Patriarchal Text, as well as those utilized in the lectionaries, are based on this text-type. Similarly, the Aramaic Peshitta which often conforms to the Byzantine text is used as the standard version in the Syriac tradition, including the Syriac Orthodox Church and the Chaldean church. Whilst varying in at least 1,830 places, it also underlies the Textus Receptus Greek text used for most Reformation-era (Protestant) translations of the New Testament into vernacular languages. Modern translations mainly use eclectic editions that conform more often to the Alexandrian text-type, which is viewed as the most accurate text-type by most scholars, although some modern translations that use the Byzantine text-type have been created.
The Bible has been translated into many languages from the biblical languages of Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek. As of September 2023 all of the Bible has been translated into 736 languages, the New Testament has been translated into an additional 1,658 languages, and smaller portions of the Bible have been translated into 1,264 other languages according to Wycliffe Global Alliance. Thus, at least some portions of the Bible have been translated into 3,658 languages.
The Peshitta is the standard version of the Bible for churches in the Syriac tradition, including the Maronite Church, the Chaldean Catholic Church, the Syriac Catholic Church, the Syriac Orthodox Church, the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, the Malabar Independent Syrian Church, the Syro-Malankara Catholic Church, the Assyrian Church of the East and the Syro-Malabar Church.
George Mamishisho Lamsa was an Assyrian author. He was born in Mar Bishu in what is now the extreme east of Turkey. A native Aramaic speaker, he translated the Aramaic Peshitta Old and New Testaments into English. He popularized the claim of the Assyrian Church of the East that the New Testament was written in Aramaic and then translated into Greek, contrary to academic consensus.
The Aramaic original New Testament theory is the belief that the Christian New Testament was originally written in Aramaic.
The Holy Bible from Ancient Eastern Manuscripts was published by George M. Lamsa in 1933. It was derived, both Old and New Testaments, from the Syriac Peshitta, the Bible used by the Assyrian Church of the East and other Syriac Christian traditions.
Injil is the Arabic name for the Gospel of Jesus (Isa). This Injil is described by the Qur'an as one of the four Islamic holy books which was revealed by God, the others being the Zabur, the Tawrat, and the Qur'an itself. The word Injil is also used in the Qur’an, the hadith and early Muslim documents to refer to both a book and revelations made by God to Jesus.
John Wesley Etheridge was an English nonconformist minister and scholar. He was the first person to translate the four gospels from the Syriac Peshitta into English (1846), shortly before the full New Testament was translated by James Murdock (1856).
The Curetonian Gospels, designated by the siglum syrcur, are contained in a manuscript of the four gospels of the New Testament in Old Syriac. Together with the Sinaiticus Palimpsest the Curetonian Gospels form the Old Syriac Version, and are known as the Evangelion Dampharshe in the Syriac Orthodox Church.
Arabic translations of the Bible constitute one of the richest traditions of Bible transmission. Translations of the Bible into Arabic were produced by Arabic-speaking Jews, Christians, and Samaritans. Even though Arabic was spoken by Jews and Christians before the advent of Islam, running Arabic translations of the Bible are attested in manuscripts only from the 9th century CE onwards. So far, no evidence could be adduced that Arabic Bible translations were available at that time. Before that, quotations from the Bible were used in Arabic especially by Christians.
Bible translations into Aramaic covers both Jewish translations into Aramaic (Targum) and Christian translations into Aramaic, also called Syriac (Peshitta).
Sacred Name Bibles are Bible translations that consistently use Hebraic forms of the God of Israel's personal name, instead of its English language translation, in both the Old and New Testaments. Some Bible versions, such as the Jerusalem Bible, employ the name Yahweh, a transliteration of the Hebrew tetragrammaton (YHWH), in the English text of the Old Testament, where traditional English versions have LORD.
Syriac is a dialect of Aramaic. Portions of the Old Testament were written in Aramaic and there are Aramaic phrases in the New Testament. Syriac translations of the New Testament were among the first and date from the 2nd century. The whole Bible was translated by the 5th century. Besides Syriac, there are Bible translations into other Aramaic dialects.
Shiloh is a figure mentioned in the Hebrew Bible in Genesis 49:10 as part of the benediction given by Jacob to his son Judah. Jacob states that "the sceptre will not depart from Judah... until Shiloh comes...".
Codex Phillipps 1388, Syriac manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It contains the text of the four Gospels. Palaeographically it had been assigned to the 5th/6th centuries. It is one of the oldest manuscripts of Peshitta with some Old Syriac readings.
A Protestant Bible is a Christian Bible whose translation or revision was produced by Protestant Christians. Typically translated into a vernacular language, such Bibles comprise 39 books of the Old Testament and 27 books of the New Testament, for a total of 66 books. Some Protestants use Bibles which also include 14 additional books in a section known as the Apocrypha bringing the total to 80 books. This is in contrast with the 73 books of the Catholic Bible, which includes seven deuterocanonical books as a part of the Old Testament. The division between protocanonical and deuterocanonical books is not accepted by all Protestants who simply view books as being canonical or not and therefore classify books found in the Deuterocanon, along with other books, as part of the Apocrypha. Sometimes the term "Protestant Bible" is simply used as a shorthand for a bible which contains only the 66 books of the Old and New Testaments.
The Crawford Aramaic New Testament manuscript is a 12th-century Aramaic manuscript containing 27 books of the New Testament. This manuscript is notable because its final book, the Book of Revelation, is the sole surviving manuscript of any Aramaic (Syriac) version of the otherwise missing Book of Revelation from the Peshitta Syriac New Testament. Five books were translated into Syriac later for the Harklean New Testament.
The Literal English Version of Scripture (LEV) is a translation of the Bible based on the World English Bible. Formerly known as the "Shem Qadosh Version", the title was officially changed in November 2016. It is considered a Sacred Name Bible rendering the name of God using the Hebrew characters יהוה, and that of Jesus in Hebrew as ישוע. It was created by a team of volunteers across the United States with additional proofing and editing assistance by individuals in Poland and Taiwan. Footnotes and appendices were written by the General Editor, J. A. Brown.
"My God, my God, why hast Thou forsaken me?" is a phrase that appears both in the Old Testament or Hebrew Bible, in the Book of Psalms, as well as in the New Testament of the Christian Bible, as one of the sayings of Jesus on the cross, according to Matthew 27:46 and also Mark 15:34.
↑ Anna Paues (1902), ed., A Fourteenth Century Biblical Version: Consisting of a Prologue and Parts of the New Testament, Cambridge: Cambridge University.
↑ Carter, Joe (September 30, 2016). "9 Things You Should Know About the ESV Bible". The Gospel Coalition. Archived from the original on May 31, 2020. Retrieved May 31, 2020. The starting point for the ESV translation was the 1971 edition of the Revised Standard Version (RSV).
↑ The Church Quarterly Review – Volume 40 – Page 105 Arthur Cayley Headlam – 1895 – At Mark vi. 47 there is no need to leave out 1 The collation of ancient Peshitto manuscripts on an adequate scale was commenced by the late Philip Edward Pusey, the son of Dr. Pusey, and has been continued by the Rev. G. H. Gwilliam, who has written on the text of the Peshitto in each volume of the Oxford Studia Biblica. ' Antient Recension, Preface, p. xciv. 3 The Syrian Churches, with a literal Translation of the Four Gospels from the Peschito, J. W. Etheridge, 1846. 1 We allow that, ...
↑ Aramaic Peshitta New Testament Translation – Page 8 =0967961351 Janet M. Magiera – 2006 – "One was by James Murdock and the other by J. W. Etheridge. Murdock based his work on the western text and Etheridge on the eastern text. Both of them are still very useful in studying the Peshitta. In the 1930s, Dr. George Lamsa, a native speaker of Aramaic, completed a translation of the eastern manuscripts of the Peshitta and began to travel extensively in the United States, teaching about the value of studying Aramaic. From that time until the present, there has been a renewed ..."
Catalogue of English Bible Translations; A Classified Bibliography of Versions and Editions Including Books, Parts, and Old and New Testament Apocrypha and Apocryphal Books. William J. Chamberlin. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1991.
Dukhrana.com — site contains the transcription of the Khaboris Codex plus Etheridge, Murdock, Lamsa, Younan's interlinear translation of Matthew – Acts 16, translations into Dutch and Afrikaans, and an interlinear study tool.
Lamsa – OT and Lamsa – NT — Lamsa's translation of the Peshitta's Old Testament and New Testament
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