University Circle

Last updated

University Circle
Neighborhood of Cleveland
Cleveland U Circle.png
Cleveland City Neighborhoods - University.png
Coordinates: 41°30′31″N81°36′19″W / 41.50861°N 81.60528°W / 41.50861; -81.60528
CountryUnited States
State Ohio
County Cuyahoga County
City Cleveland
Population
 (2020) [1]
 • Total7,661
Demographics [1]
 •  White 56.4%
 • Black21.6%
 • Hispanic (of any race)3%
 • Asian and Pacific Islander17.7%
 • Mixed and Other4.3%
Time zone UTC-5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST) UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP Codes
44106
Area code 216
Median income [1] $17,194
Source: 2020 U.S. Census, City Planning Commission of Cleveland [2]

University Circle is a district in the neighborhood of University on the East Side of Cleveland, Ohio. It is home to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance Hall (home to the Cleveland Orchestra), the Cleveland Institute of Art, the Cleveland Cinematheque, Case Western Reserve University, the Cleveland Institute of Music, the Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland, the Cleveland Botanical Garden, historic Lake View Cemetery, the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, and University Hospitals/Case Medical Center.

Contents

Encompassing approximately 550 acres (220 ha) the University neighborhood is bordered to the north by the Glenville neighborhood, to the south by the Buckeye-Shaker neighborhood, to the west and southwest by the neighborhoods of Hough and Fairfax (also known as Midtown) and to the east by the cities of East Cleveland and Cleveland Heights. University Circle is member of the Global Cultural Districts Network.

While the population of University Circle ranks on the lower end of Cleveland's 36 defined Statistical Planning Areas (SPAs), it ranks near the top in importance to the city's economic sector. Neighborhood businesses and institutions provide the city with more than 30,000 jobs in a variety of fields, including averaging 1,000 new jobs per year since 2005. [3] Nearby attractions draw approximately 2.5 million visitors annually. [4] As the neighborhood's name implies, higher learning is a major part of the culture of University Circle, with over 13,000 undergraduate, graduate, and professional students attending the area's various institutions. University Circle Inc., a not-for-profit corporation established in 1957, serves as the neighborhood chamber of commerce, providing many administrative and quasi-governmental functions for the area, including security, transportation administration, and marketing. [5] University Circle has its own full-service police department to provide security and patrol the area. [6]

Media coverage

In 2021, USA Today ranked University Circle #1 as the "Best Arts District" in America. [7] Forbes ranked University as one of America's Prettiest Neighborhoods; with high praise for its symphony orchestra, museums, botanical garden, planetarium, high-end foods, world class culture, and walkability. [8] In a 2007 USA Today article entitled "10 great places to discover Italy in America", Mario Batali was quoted as saying, "Corbo's Bakery has the best cassata (cake) I have tried in the USA." [9] The article listed Cleveland's Little Italy as a top ten Little Italy in America. Askmen.com ranked Cleveland's Little Italy #3 out of 10 in their list of "Top 10: Little Italies". [10]

Notable institutions and landmarks

Points of interest in the University Circle neighborhood include:

History

19th century

University Circle was known during the early 19th century as Doan’s Corners, after Nathanial Doan, a member of the Connecticut Land Company, who settled his family and started a community there. [16]

The name "University Circle" began to take shape in the 1880s. Western Reserve University moved its campus from Hudson, Ohio, to Euclid Avenue in 1883. Case School of Applied Science moved from Downtown Cleveland to a site next to WRU in 1885. Their relocation led to the birth of an educational center and the creation of a new community called University Circle, named in part after these new institutions—but also the circular street intersection and trolley turnaround located at Euclid Avenue and Doan Brook Boulevard (Martin Luther King Jr Boulevard today). [17]

By the 1890s, the Western Reserve School of Design for Women (Cleveland Institute of Art) moved to University Circle, and the concept of developing a world-class arts and cultural center came to life. The concept became more concrete when Jeptha Wade, a trustee of Western Reserve University, set aside land for the Cleveland Museum of Art to be built in the Circle, which required the Cleveland Zoological Park, now known as the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, to be relocated to its present-day location of Old Brooklyn. The Historical Society (Western Reserve Historical Society) joined these institutions before the start of the 20th century. [16]

20th century

The Circle began to grow rapidly in the early 20th century. The Cleveland Museum of Art opened its doors in 1916. By the 1920s and 1930s, 19 educational and cultural institutions were located in the area, from the Cleveland Museum of Natural History to the Cleveland Hearing and Speech Center to the Cleveland Botanical Garden and others.

Cleveland's college football scene began in University Circle through both Case and Western Reserve football teams. Van Horn Field hosted games against Ohio State, Notre Dame, and Alabama. Famed Notre Dame coach Knute Rockne made his coaching debut against Case in University Circle in 1918. In 1920, The Alabama Crimson Tide played their first ever game in the north at Van Horn Field against Case.

The arrival of University Hospitals in 1931 (founded in 1866) led to health care becoming another center of innovation in University Circle. Less than one mile (1.6 km) away from University Hospitals, the Cleveland Clinic had been serving its patients since 1921. Also in 1931 Severance Hall, home of the Cleveland Orchestra, was constructed at the corner of Euclid and East Boulevard. [16] By 1950, 34 institutions had chosen University Circle as their home. [17] In 1967, Case School of Applied Science and Western Reserve University confederated to become Case Western Reserve University. [18]

21st century

University Circle remains Cleveland's center for cultural, educational, religious, and social-service institutions. The area is currently undergoing many construction projects with many institutions expanding, and private development of residential and commercial dwellings. New housing developments in the area have increased the number of year-round residents in the area to an estimated 15,000 as of 2013. [19]

In 2012, the Museum of Contemporary Art (MoCA) opened its new permanent location in University Circle at the corner of Mayfield Road and Euclid Avenue. [20]

Public transportation

A HealthLine BRT vehicle drives through University Circle passing the Allen Memorial Medical Library. HealthLine 1.jpg
A HealthLine BRT vehicle drives through University Circle passing the Allen Memorial Medical Library.

University Circle is served by multiple forms of transportation, including rapid train, bus, bus rapid transit (BRT), and circulators. Unique from other Cleveland neighborhoods, it contains two train stops on the RTA's Red Line, the Little Italy-University Circle Station and the University Circle-Cedar Rapid Station. The CircleLink shuttle service (colloquially known as the "Greenie") provides free public transportation within University Circle. It provides service between the north and south sides of the CWRU campus, from University Circle to Coventry Village, around the CWRU campus and the University Hospitals of Cleveland, and between the Urban Child Research Center and the main Case campus. [21] The new BRT HealthLine, which opened on October 24, 2008, is the newest option to the neighborhood, being a major destination on the line along Euclid Avenue that connects Public Square to Louis Stokes Station at Windermere in East Cleveland. In a $197 million project, [22] Euclid Avenue was rebuilt during construction, with the installation of public art, new lighting, and sidewalks along the entire length of the HealthLine, along with dedicated bus lanes. There are seven HealthLine stops in University Circle and runs 24 hours. Additionally, many bus routes have stops in University Circle, including bus numbers 7, 8, 9, 10, 32, 38, and 48/48A.

Events

University Circle is known for its year-round cultural events:

Construction and expansion projects

University Circle is undergoing $2 billion in construction and renovation projects. [30]

Uptown project

Apartments and Retail in the Uptown construction project Cleveland Uptown Apartments University Circle.jpg
Apartments and Retail in the Uptown construction project

The Uptown project is a multi-phase, $150 million-plus retail, entertainment, restaurant and cultural project under development by MRN Ltd. of Cleveland, and sponsored by Case Western Reserve University and University Circle Inc. Its location creates a true center to University Circle.

A $44.5 million "Phase I" broke ground on August 2, 2010, creating two mixed-use buildings of 102 apartments above first floor retail. [31]

Additional anchors of the project currently under construction include the $66 million expansion of the Cleveland Institute of Art [32] and the $32 million new home for the Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA). [33] The new MOCA is designed by the London architect Farshid Moussavi. The surrounding pedestrian plaza is designed by James Corner Field Operations, the same landscape architecture firm who designed the High Line in New York City. [34]

The $21 million "Phase II" consists of 43 apartments, dormitories for the Cleveland Institute of Art, and retail. The anchor tenant is a two-story bowling alley, known as Corner Alley. Completion date was in fall 2014. [35] Euclid–East 120th (RTA Rapid Transit station) has been relocated to Mayfield Road at East 119th Street. With a total cost of $17.5 million, it was renamed the Little Italy-University Circle Rapid Station. [36]

On November 30, 2011, the New York Times showcased the project with an article entitled "Cleveland Turns Uptown Into New Downtown". [34]

Cleveland Museum of Art expansion

On March 7, 2005 the Cleveland Museum of Art embarked on a multi-year project to renovate and expand into the next century. The project is designed by architect Rafael Viñoly, combining old and new styles. At a total cost of $350 million, it is the largest cultural project in the history of the state of Ohio and one of the most comprehensive renovation and expansion projects in the museum field in the nation. [37]

University Hospitals/Case Medical Center expansion

Three new facilities and structures opened in summer of 2011. They include the $250 million Seidman Cancer Center, $41 million Center for Emergency Medicine, and a $30 million new parking structure. [38]

Train stations

Both current University Circle train stations were rehabbed and reconstructed by August 2015.

The University Circle-Cedar Rd rapid station underwent a complete rehab, using an ADA-compliant design to include a new rail entry plaza, waiting area, and train loading platform. A new bus terminal was also constructed on the north side of Cedar Road with a pedestrian connection between the bus terminal and the rail station. Secured funding included a $10.5 million grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation and a $2 million grant from the Federal Transit Administration—totaling $12.5 million in federal funds. [39]

The Euclid–East 120th rapid station was relocated in conjunction with the Uptown Project to E.119 St and Mayfield Rd. Funding was received through a $12.5 million grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation, via the Federal Transit Administration. The final cost of the new station was around $17.5 million. [40]

Louis Stokes VA Medical Center expansion

Totaling a $526 million expansion, this project includes a seven-story administrative office tower, living space for 122 homeless veterans, a 2,000-car parking garage, and a seven-story tower with 222 patient beds. Among the other parts of the project are the renovation of the hematology/oncology unit, expansion of the radiation area, building two floors on top of the atrium to accommodate various services, and an expanded operating room. [41]

Case Western Reserve University expansion

Two major new construction projects have recently broken ground:

In Spring 2012, Case Western Reserve University campus underwent the construction of $50 million student center in the center of campus. It is known as the Tinkham Veale Student Center designed by Ralph Johnson of Perkins + Will. It encompasses 82,000-square-feet, has 24/7 student access, and is environmentally friendly—with a green roof to absorb rainwater and windows designed to prevent excessive heat from sunlight. [42] The second project is known as the Wyant Field House, enclosing the last open portion of DiSanto Field. The Wyant Field House is approximately 24,000 square feet and serves as a facility for varsity athletes and the 2,500 students who reside at The Village. The facility includes weight training and cardiovascular areas, a Varsity Club lounge, and multipurpose space. [43]

Little Italy

One of Little Italy's best known culinary landmarks, Presti's Bakery, sits at the corner of Mayfield and Coltman. Cleveland's Little Italy.jpg
One of Little Italy's best known culinary landmarks, Presti's Bakery, sits at the corner of Mayfield and Coltman.

Little Italy (Italian : Piccola Italia) [44] is an ethnic enclave that serves as the historic center of Cleveland's Italian American community. [45] It is located from E. 119th to E. 125th streets on Murray Hill and Mayfield roads, situated at the eastern city limits, along a long, moderately sloping grade that ascends in elevation approximately 300 feet. [46] [ better source needed ] It is bounded to the east and south by suburban Cleveland Heights, to the northeast by Lakeview Cemetery, and to the west by CSX, Norfolk Southern, and Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority Red Line railroad tracks, which separates it from the rest of University Circle.

Points and events of interest

Little Italy is known for its several culinary, historic, and cultural sites. Its biggest attractions are the restaurants, bakeries, and pizzerias. It is home to everything from a thriving art gallery, to scene boutique shops—and even a technology startup. The best known historic structure is Holy Rosary Church built in 1908. Culturally, Little Italy is home to the Italian American Museum of Cleveland and the Alta House, the neighborhood community center founded in 1895. The private elementary and middle school is Montessori Elementary at Holy Rosary Church. Tony Brush Park [47] provides the neighborhoods green space and playgrounds.

The annual highlight event of Little Italy in Cleveland is the Feast of the Assumption. Feast of the Assumption in Little Italy Cleveland (36388057482).jpg
The annual highlight event of Little Italy in Cleveland is the Feast of the Assumption.

Each August, the Roman Catholic congregation of the historic Holy Rosary Church celebrates the 4-day festival for the Feast of the Assumption, in which Little Italy stages Greater Cleveland's largest Italian-American street festival. Every October, Little Italy hosts the city's Columbus Day Parade. The neighborhood enjoys art walks a few times a year, usually in June, October, and December.

History

Little Italy began in 1895 when immigrant Joseph Carabelli saw the need for monument work in Cleveland's Lakeview Cemetery and established what soon became the city's leading marble and granite works. Local Cleveland industrial billionaire John D. Rockefeller took a special liking to the Italian immigrants of the neighborhood and commissioned the building of the community center Alta House, named after his daughter Alta Rockefeller Prentice, in 1900. Little Italy is also home to the first Italian restaurant to open in the State of Ohio, Guarino's, [48] which is also the oldest restaurant in the city, opening in 1918. [49] [50] The first hand-crank pasta machine was invented in Little Italy by Angelo Vitantonio, an Italian immigrant to Cleveland. He received a patent for the product in 1906, and went on to found the Italian kitchenware manufacturer VillaWare, which continues to operate today. [51]

In 1911, it was estimated that 96% of the inhabitants were Italian-born, and another 2% were of Italian parents. Ettore Boiardi (Chef Boyardee) opened his first restaurant, Il Giardino d'Italia, in the 1920s. As the nearby neighborhoods of Glenville and Hough became increasingly African American by the 1950s, Little Italy experienced racial tensions which were especially on display in 1964 when Murray Hill School was integrated, and during the 1966 Hough riots. [52] In 1993, the community dedicated Tony Brush Park, named for champion boxer and Little Italy resident Anthony Brescia, at Mayfield and Random roads. Major residential project expansions occurred in 2003 with the 20-unit Villa Carabelli, [53] in 2005 with the 15-unit Random Road Lofts townhomes, [54] and in 2011 the 27-unit 27 Coltman townhouses. [55] The neighborhood bocce courts are located at the Alta House, and in 2011 underwent a complete remodeling in a $110,000 project, being named in honor of Nick and Dorothy Lucarelli.

For a large part of its history, Cleveland was home to the largest Mafia organization between New York and Chicago. [56] The Mayfield Road Mob was the name of a gang which began around 1920 in Little Italy. Among the members of the "Mayfield Road Mob" were James T. Licavoli and Jimmy Fratianno. This Mafia faction was even mentioned by its old name in the movie "The Godfather" as the Lakeview Road Gang, as Lakeview Cemetery borders Mayfield Road Hill.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cleveland</span> City in Ohio, United States

Cleveland, officially the City of Cleveland, is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County. Located in Northeast Ohio along the southern shore of Lake Erie, it is situated across the U.S. maritime border with Canada and lies approximately 60 miles (97 km) west of Pennsylvania. Cleveland ranks as the most populous city on Lake Erie, the second-most populous city in Ohio, and the 54th-most populous city in the U.S. with a 2020 population of 372,624. The city anchors the Cleveland metropolitan area, the 33rd-largest in the U.S. at 2.18 million residents, as well as the larger Cleveland–Akron–Canton combined statistical area, the most populous in Ohio and the 17th-largest in the country with a population of 3.63 million in 2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cuyahoga County, Ohio</span> County in Ohio, United States

Cuyahoga County is a large urban county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Ohio. The county seat and largest city is Cleveland. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,264,817, making it the second-most populous county in the state.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">East Cleveland, Ohio</span> City in Ohio, United States

East Cleveland is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. The population was 13,792 at the 2020 census. It is a suburb lying east and south of Cleveland and west of Cleveland Heights.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Case Western Reserve University</span> Private university in Cleveland, Ohio, US

Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) is a private research university in Cleveland, Ohio. Case Western Reserve was established after Western Reserve University—which was founded in 1826 and named for its location in the Connecticut Western Reserve—and Case Institute of Technology—which was founded in 1880 through the endowment of Leonard Case Jr.—formally federated in 1967.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greater Cleveland</span> Metropolitan Statistical Area in Ohio, United States

The Cleveland metropolitan area, or Greater Cleveland as it is more commonly known, is the metropolitan area surrounding the city of Cleveland in Northeast Ohio, United States. According to the 2020 census results, the six-county Cleveland, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) consists of Cuyahoga County, Ashtabula County, Geauga County, Lake County, Lorain County, and Medina County, and has a population of 2,185,825, making it the 33rd-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the third largest metropolitan area in Ohio. The metro area is also part of the larger Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area with a population of over 3.7 million people, the most populous statistical area in Ohio and the 17th most populous in the United States.

Peter Benjamin Lewis was an American businessman who was the chairman of Progressive Insurance Company.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Euclid Avenue (Cleveland)</span> Main thoroughfare in Cleveland, Ohio

Euclid Avenue is a major street in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. It runs northeasterly from Public Square in Downtown Cleveland, passing Playhouse Square and Cleveland State University, to University Circle, the Cleveland Clinic, Severance Hall, Case Western Reserve University's Maltz Performing Arts Center, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center. The street runs through the suburbs of East Cleveland, Euclid, and Wickliffe, to Willoughby as a part of U.S. Route 20 and U.S. Route 6. The HealthLine bus rapid transit line runs in designated bus lanes in the median of Euclid Avenue from Public Square to Louis Stokes Station at Windermere in East Cleveland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center</span> Hospital in Ohio, United States

University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center (UH Cleveland Medical Center) is a large not-for-profit academic medical complex in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center is an affiliate hospital of Case Western Reserve University and Northeast Ohio Medical University.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cleveland Institute of Art</span> Art school in Cleveland, Ohio, US

The Cleveland Institute of Art, previously Cleveland School of Art, is a private college focused on art and design and located in Cleveland, Ohio.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Downtown Cleveland</span> Central business district of Cleveland, Ohio, United States

Downtown Cleveland is the central business district of Cleveland, Ohio, United States. The economic and cultural center of the city and the Cleveland metropolitan area, it is Cleveland's oldest district, with its Public Square laid out by city founder General Moses Cleaveland in 1796.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland</span> Art Museum in Cleveland, Ohio

The Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland is a contemporary art museum in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. It is the only contemporary art venue of its kind in Metropolitan Cleveland. The organisation was founded by Marjorie Talalay, Agnes Gund, and Nina Castelli Sundell in 1968 and has undergone several name and venue changes in the years following its 1968 founding. Originally known as The New Gallery, the museum was rebranded as the Cleveland Centre for Contemporary Art in 1984. The gallery has operated under its current branding as the Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (moCa) since 2002.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cleveland Clinic Hillcrest Hospital</span> Hospital in Ohio, United States

Cleveland Clinic Hillcrest Hospital is a comprehensive-care hospital on Mayfield Road in Mayfield Heights, Ohio, United States. It is part of the Cleveland Clinic Health System. The hospital currently has 500 registered beds, and serves as a level II trauma center for eastern Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, and Portage counties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Euclid–East 120th station</span>

Euclid–East 120th was a station on the RTA Red Line in the University Circle neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio. It was located at the Euclid Avenue and Coltman Road intersection, near the western end of Lake View Cemetery. At the end of service on August 11, 2015, it became the first, and thus far only, station in the history of the RTA to permanently close.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HealthLine</span> Bus rapid transit line in Cleveland, Ohio

The HealthLine is a bus rapid transit (BRT) line run by the Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority in Cleveland and East Cleveland, Ohio, United States. The line runs along Euclid Avenue from Public Square in downtown Cleveland to the Louis Stokes Station at Windermere in East Cleveland. It began operation on October 24, 2008. Its current name was the result of a naming rights deal with the Cleveland Clinic and University Hospitals of Cleveland. The HealthLine is denoted with a silver color and abbreviated simply as HL on most RTA publications.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Jazz Temple</span> Short annotion of the Jazz temple

The Jazz Temple was a coffeehouse/nightclub located in the University Circle area of Cleveland, Ohio. The club's name was chosen by the owner, Winston E. Willis, to symbolize a devout gathering place dedicated to the icons of the jazz world where these artists would be collectively enjoyed and appreciated. During its brief history, with frequent headlining appearances by jazz greats such as Miles Davis, John Coltrane, Herbie Hancock, Dizzy Gillespie, and Cannonball Adderley among others, the popular nightspot was more successful than any other similar venue in the region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">105th and Euclid</span>

East 105th Street and Euclid Avenue was at one time the most famous intersection in the city of Cleveland, Ohio. The legendary commercial junction consists of several blocks from East to West between 107th Street and 105th Street.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hough, Cleveland</span> Neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio, United States

Hough is a neighborhood situated on the East Side of Cleveland, Ohio. Roughly two square miles, the neighborhood is bounded to Superior and Euclid Avenue between East 55th and East 105th streets. Placed between Downtown Cleveland and University Circle, Hough borders Fairfax and Cedar–Central to the South and Glenville and St. Clair–Superior to the North. The neighborhood became a target for revitalization during the mid-20th century, after the 1966 Hough Riots.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Cleveland</span>

The demographics of Cleveland have fluctuated throughout the city's history. From its founding in 1796, Cleveland's population grew to 261,353 by 1890, and to 796,841 by 1920, making it the fifth largest city in the United States at the time. By 1930, the population rose to 900,429 and, after World War II, it reached 914,808. Due to various historical factors including deindustrialization, suburbanization, and urban sprawl, Cleveland's population began decreasing in the 1960s. By 1970, the city's population was 750,903. By 1980, it was 573,822 and it had lost its position as one of the top 10 largest cities in the U.S. By 2020, the population had further fallen to 372,624. Beginning in 2018, the city's population began to flatten, after decades of decline. Additionally, between 2010 and 2020, several neighborhoods within Cleveland saw a significant population increase, most notably Downtown, but also University Circle and several West Side neighborhoods.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of the Jews in Greater Cleveland</span>

The Jewish community of the Greater Cleveland area comprises a significant ethnoreligious population of the U.S. State of Ohio. It began in 1839 by immigrants from Bavaria and its size has significantly grown in the decades since then. In the early 21st century, Ohio's census data reported over 150,000 Jews, with the Cleveland area being home to more than 50% of this population. As of 2018, Greater Cleveland is the 23rd largest Jewish community in the United States. As of 2023, the Cleveland Jewish Community is estimated to be about 100,000 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Little Italy–University Circle station</span> Rapid transit station in Cleveland

Little Italy–University Circle station is a station on the RTA Red Line in the University Circle neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio. It is located at the Mayfield Road and East 119 Street intersection, near the western end of Little Italy.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Cleveland Neighborhoods and Wards: University Neighborhood Factsheet (2021)" (PDF). The Center for Community Solutions (Cleveland). Retrieved June 3, 2022.
  2. ↑ "University Neighborhood Fact Sheet" (PDF). Cleveland City Planning Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 5, 2012. Retrieved January 5, 2011.
  3. ↑ Plain, The (November 26, 2011). "University Circle forges ahead: editorial". cleveland.com.
  4. ↑ "Advocacy - Marketing & Communications | University Circle". www.universitycircle.org. Archived from the original on December 2, 2011. Retrieved January 13, 2022.
  5. ↑ "Find Yourself in the Circle". University Circle. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  6. ↑ "University Circle Police Department". universitycircle.org. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
  7. ↑ "University Circle named best arts district in the country in USA Today contest". May 7, 2021.
  8. ↑ Giuffo, John. "Photo". Forbes. Archived from the original on September 25, 2011.
  9. ↑ "10 great places to discover Italy in America". USA Today. May 24, 2010.
  10. ↑ Steere, Nate. "Top 10: Little Italies". AskMen. Archived from the original on August 28, 2009. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
  11. ↑ "UH Medical Centers (Hospitals) Locations". University Hospitals. May 4, 2010. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  12. ↑ "Locate a UH Facility". University Hospitals. May 4, 2010. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  13. ↑ "About University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center". University Hospitals. May 4, 2010. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  14. ↑ "University Hospitals MacDonald Women's Hospital". University Hospitals. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  15. ↑ "Info". www.montessori-holyrosary.org. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
  16. 1 2 3 Roy, Christopher (March 12, 2022). "University Circle". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University . Retrieved August 2, 2022.
  17. 1 2 "History". University Circle. October 15, 1957. Archived from the original on December 25, 2008. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  18. ↑ Gerda, Janice (November 18, 2019). "Case Western Reserve University". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University . Retrieved August 2, 2022.
  19. ↑ "Can University Circle lure the rich back to Cleveland, acquire a skyline and share the wealth?". The Plain Dealer. Cleveland. March 23, 2013. Retrieved September 28, 2014.
  20. ↑ "Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland to open permanent home after 44 years on the move". The Plain Dealer. Cleveland. March 23, 2013. Retrieved October 7, 2012.
  21. ↑ "Case Busing and Shuttle Information". greenie.case.edu. Archived from the original on June 3, 2004. Retrieved January 13, 2022.
  22. ↑ Jarboe, Michelle. "Cleveland's Euclid corridor project has paved the way to economic development". The Plain Dealer. Cleveland. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  23. ↑ "23rd Parade the Circle and Circle Village". University Circle. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  24. ↑ "Special Events". Cleveland Museum of Art. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  25. ↑ "WOW! Wade Oval Wednesdays 2012". University Circle. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  26. ↑ "2011 Showcase in the Circle & Circle Home Tour: Judson Manor, Cleveland, Ohio". Pluggedincleveland.com. September 15, 2011. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  27. ↑ "Cleveland's RIPE! Fest No 02". Cleveland Locavores. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  28. ↑ Gunter, Joshua (October 11, 2010). "Big crowds expected for Columbus Day parade Monday in Little Italy". The Plain Dealer. Cleveland. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  29. ↑ "Holiday CircleFest 2011". University Circle. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  30. ↑ "What is the best urban neighborhood in the Midwest?". City-Data Forum. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  31. ↑ Jarboe, Michelle. "Developer MRN Ltd. to break ground Monday on Uptown project in University Circle". The Plain Dealer. Cleveland. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  32. ↑ Litt, Steven (November 4, 2011). "Gund Foundation and family members give $5 million boost to Cleveland Institute of Art expansion in University Circle". cleveland.com.
  33. ↑ Foreign Office Architects. "MOCA Cleveland board approves building new home in University Circle's Uptown development". The Plain Dealer. Cleveland. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  34. 1 2 Schneider, Keith (November 29, 2011). "Cleveland Ignites Job Growth With Rebuilding Project". The New York Times.
  35. ↑ Jarboe, Michelle (May 30, 2013). "Uptown project picks up Corner Alley, Potbelly as tenants, Cleveland International Fund as lender". cleveland.com.
  36. ↑ RTA, Greater Cleveland (April 14, 2013). "Little Italy - University Circle Rapid Station". Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority.
  37. ↑ "The Building Project". The Cleveland Museum of Art. Archived from the original on November 3, 2011. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  38. ↑ "Photo" (JPG). Retrieved May 21, 2019.
  39. ↑ Betz, Lindsay. "University Circle rapid station reconstruction project receives an additional $2 million in federal funding". cleveland.com.
  40. ↑ Breckenridge, Tom. "RTA wins $12.5 million grant for new rapid station at Mayfield and East 119th". cleveland.com.
  41. ↑ "Cleveland: VA Hospital Expansion". Urbanohio.com. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  42. ↑ Litt, Steven. "Architect Ralph Johnson's new Tinkham Veale University Center at CWRU brings 21st-century flair to University Circle". The Plain Dealer. Cleveland. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  43. ↑ "Case Western Reserve University | News Center". Blog.case.edu. June 7, 2010. Archived from the original on August 7, 2011. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  44. ↑ "About". Cleveland Little Italy. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  45. ↑ Roy, Christopher (February 1, 2021). "Little Italy". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University . Retrieved August 2, 2022.
  46. ↑ United States Geological Survey (1994). East Cleveland, OH (Topographic map). 1:24,000. 7.5 Minute Series. Reston, VA: United States Geological Survey. Retrieved February 17, 2019.
  47. ↑ "Tony Brush Park". www.universitycircle.org.
  48. ↑ "Classic Cleveland Restaurants: Guarino's". clevelandmagazine.com. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  49. ↑ "Cleveland's Oldest – Public History in the Wild" . Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  50. ↑ "Guarino's Restaurant". www.universitycircle.org. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  51. ↑ "Villawares home kitchen appliances from the Peas and Corn Company". Peasandcornco.com. Archived from the original on April 15, 2002. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  52. ↑ Michney, Todd M. (2006). "Race, Violence, and Urban Territoriality: Cleveland's Little Italy and the 1966 Hough Uprising". Journal of Urban History. 32 (3): 404–428. doi:10.1177/0096144205282573. ISSN   0096-1442.
  53. ↑ "BXMagazine.com - VILLA CARABELLI". www.bxmagazine.com. Archived from the original on November 14, 2006. Retrieved January 13, 2022.
  54. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.clevelandheights.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 4, 2010. Retrieved January 13, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  55. ↑ "27 Coltman - Brickhaus". www.brickhauspartners.com.
  56. ↑ "Cleveland Mafia". Clevelandmob.com. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.