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It can be traced back to various historical works and research findings from the Qing dynasty to Japanese colonial period, with reference to the time of regime change, the final war date of 15 August 1945 was used as a dividing line to define the pre-war and post-war periods.
Prior to the Japanese colonial period, the histories of Taiwan were written by Taiwanese in the traditional Chinese historiographical style, mostly continuing the Qing government's habit of compiling the local chronicles, but after the cession of Taiwan in the Yi-Wei, these Taiwanese literati turned to a Taiwan-based writing structure, of which Lian Heng's General History of Taiwan is an example. [1]
The tradition of colonial studies during the period of Japanese rule can be divided into the early, middle and later periods. The early period was mainly about survey reports on the whole island of Taiwan, setting a milestone in writing Taiwanese history, for example, Taketoshi and Saburo's Journal of the Ruling of Taiwan (1905) and Goto Shinpei' s investigation of old habits; The middle period focused on the compilation of Taiwan's historical materials, such as: 1922 Taiwan Historical Manuscript by the Taiwan Governor's Office Historical Compilation Committee, and Yi Nengjia's Cultural Journal of Taiwan;The later period focused on the study of Taiwan's history and folklore, represented by the magazine Folklore Taiwan. [2]
After World War II, the government of the Republic of China took over Taiwan, and officially set up the Taiwan Provincial Documentation Society to preside over the revision project and compile the 'General History of Taiwan Province'. As a result, the history of Taiwan was treated as part of the 'local history of China' in the 1960s; in addition, European and American scholars also regarded Taiwan as a laboratory to study China and made Taiwan the object of regional studies; overseas opposition campaigners also wrote the history of Taiwan as a means of uniting Taiwan's consciousness; while local scholars devoted to the study of Taiwanese folklore and monuments. After the 1970s, the Republic of China withdrew from the United Nations, Taiwan-based historical research gradually emerged in the historiography, such as the Ben-Yuan Lin’s Culture and Education Foundation, which greatly funded Taiwan studies; and the officially Taiwan Historical Traces and Sources Research Association was established. In 1981, the Council for Cultural Affairs was established officially to promote antiquities administration, it also deepened the study of Taiwan's history when designating monuments; the Council for Cultural Affairs also established cultural center (later upgraded to bureau) in each county and city to strengthen the study of local history; since then, historical site surveys and oral histories accumulated gradually, and then expanded to "villages" as revision units; adding aborigines (including the Pingpu ethnic group). [3]
In 1986, Taiwan's strictures were lifted, the history of Taiwan course in the college was changed from elective to compulsory, giving rise to the 'Taiwan History Program'. PhD and MA theses in history also included works on Taiwanese history, accounting for around 30-40% so far. [3] In 1988, the Taiwan History Field Studio, the predecessor of Taiwan History Institute at Academia Sinica, was established by the suggestion of academician Kwang-chih Chang in the mid-1980s, with the study of the Pingpu ethnic as one of main projects in the early stages. The Pingpu ethnic group of the South Island ethnic group were the masters of Taiwan before the arrival of the Han Chinese, and the study of Taiwanese history shall begin with the Pingpu ethnic group at the latest. However, in the 20th century, especially after the World War II, the Pingpu ethnic group 'disappeared', which is why Mr Kwang-chih Chang’s 'Inaugural Address' for the Taiwan History Field Studies Newsletter says that the opening of the Field Studio is of great symbolic importance. While this research orientation was related to the localization movement at that time. [4] In 2004, Taiwan History Institute at Academia Sinica, the Graduate Institute of Taiwan History at National Chengchi University, and the Institute of Taiwan History at National Taiwan Normal University were established to set up a major town for academic research on Taiwan history. Besides, the publication and digitization of a large number of historical materials, the compilation of tools and cross-border research made the study of Taiwan history reach its peak [3]
Apart from William Campbell's Formosa Under the Dutch and James Davidson's The Island of Formosa in 1903, most Western scholars came to Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao and Thailand in the late 1960s for research in Chinese communities. Related organizations are: Taiwan Study Group of the association of Asian studies, Harvard-Yenching Institute, etc. Among them, the Utah Genealogical Society was dedicated to genealogical research in Taiwan and elsewhere, and compiled ancient folk documents collected as "Ancient Documents in Public and Private Collections in Taiwan" (5,691 items) with the help of Wang Shih-ching; In the 1970s, many masterpieces on Taiwan's history were published, and Kwang-chih Chang, the US-based archaeologist, hosted collaborative research projects on science and technology, such as the "Research Project on the Natural and Cultural History of the Turbid Great Basin" and the "Regional Research Project on China's Modernization" in the Institute of Modern History. While nurturing new talent for Taiwan history research, the "aboriginalization" and "interiorization" proposed by Li Guoqi and others also became important topics in Taiwanese history in the 1980s, [2] opening up new issues on the structure of urban-rural and urban settlement systems in Taiwan. [5]
The history of Taiwan in the post-war period, in the government's anti-communist restoration ideology in the early post-war period, Taiwan was built as ' anti-communist restoration base', only living for the Republic of China, hence the focus of official education was on Chinese history. Taiwanese had rather limited resources to study Taiwanese history. After the war, Yang Yun-ping advocated Taiwanese history, and it was not until 1983 that the first doctoral dissertation in Taiwanese history was published in the Institute of History in Taiwan. Between 1993 and 2004, the study of Taiwanese history moved towards school of thought, with forty percent of doctoral dissertations in history being on Taiwanese history. However, Chinese Taiwan Literature Collection and the Archives of Taiwan Studies in Collections surpassed the Taiwan Literature Series, which numbered in the hundreds of volumes in Taiwan; In addition to the task-based research on Taiwan history at Xiamen University, the Institute of Modern History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Nanjing and Wuhan, as well as the rapid training of students at Graduate Institute for Taiwan Studies of Xiamen University, there was a tendency to close in on local research on Taiwan history. In contrast, there are only two Taiwan History Institutes and no departments, so Taiwan history is in a dangerous school. [3] : 97–98
The Sinkang Manuscripts are a series of leases, mortgages, and other commerce contracts written in the Sinckan, Taivoan, and Makatao languages. Among Han Chinese, they are commonly referred to as the "barbarian contracts". Some are written only in a Latin-based script, considered the first script to be developed in Taiwan itself, while others were bilingual with adjacent Han writing. Currently there are approximately 140 extant documents written in Sinckan; they are important in the study of Siraya and Taivoan culture, and Taiwanese history in general although there are only a few scholars who can understand them.
Quan Hansheng was a Chinese Economic historian. Quan's research focused on Chinese monetary history, commodity prices and foreign trade. He elected an Academician of Academia Sinica in 1984, and he held professorships at National Taiwan University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Early and Medieval Chinese History, in Chinese《早期中國史研究》, abbreviated EMCH, is a Chinese-language academic journal on the study of Ancient and Medieval China, published by the Society of Early and Medieval Chinese History,.
I Lo-fen is a Taiwanese scholar and writer. She received her Chinese Literature Ph.D. from National Taiwan University. She has been an associate professor in the Division of Chinese in Nanyang Technological University’s School of Humanities and Social Sciences since July 2006, and was the Head of the Division (2014-2016). She had formerly committed in institutes like the National Taiwan University, Tamkang University, Fu Jen Catholic University, and the Institute of Chinese Literature and Philosophy at Academia Sinica. In addition, she was also a visiting professor at Stanford University in the United States and East Asian Institute at Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea. Her research expertise lies in Text and Image Studies, Su Shi studies, East Asian literature and intercultural exchanges in Classical Chinese, and Singapore literature, history, and arts studies. She is also a board member of the China Su Shi Studies Society, and an international board member of the Korea Society of East Asian Comparative Literature. She is the Founder and Honorary President of the "Text and Image Studies Society"(文图学会) that was official registered in Singapore on 18 December 2017. By integrating the history of Chinese literature and arts, she has accomplished a series of researches on poems in paintings and poetic imagery. She then proposed the idea of the “Text and Image Studies”(文图学) and focused on the relations, comparison and intertextuality between poems and paintings. From there, she has established her literary theory in arts creation and culture of aesthetics. She is also a column writer of Singapore Lianhe Zaobao (2007-), and she hosts podcast "Lofen says".
Han Taiwanese, Taiwanese Han, Taiwanese Han Chinese, or Han Chinese are Taiwanese people of full or partial ethnic Han descent. According to the Executive Yuan of Taiwan, they comprise 95 to 97 percent of the Taiwanese population, which also includes Austronesians and other non-Han people. Major waves of Han immigration occurred since the 17th century to the end of Chinese Civil War in 1949, with the exception of the Japanese colonial period (1895-1945). Han Taiwanese mainly speak three languages of Chinese: Mandarin, Hokkien and Hakka.
Ushinosuke Mori, who often published articles under pen names Mori Heiushi (森丙牛) and Mori (森), was a Japanese naturalist born in Gojo Muromachi (五條室町), Kyoto. A drop out of Nagasaki Commercial School (長崎商業學校), he went to Taiwan as an army interpreter and began to conduct research, until he ended up missing on board a steamship that was on Inner Taiwan route in 1926. The scope of his research not only included anthropological investigations on Taiwan aborigines, folklore objects, and archaeology, he was also well involved in collection and research of plants, making him a Taiwan naturalist during the early Japanese occupation period. Due to his fervent love and contributions to Taiwan aboriginal studies, he was praised as the “Leading researcher of Taiwan aborigines (臺灣蕃界調查第一人).” The specimens he collected were mostly preserved in the National Taiwan Museum.
Yang Kuo-shu was a Chinese psychologist and political activist in Taiwan, considered the founder of indigenized Chinese psychology. He served as professor and Chair of the Psychology Department of National Taiwan University. He became Vice-President of Academic Sinica in 1996, and was elected as an academician in 1998. He was an advocate for political freedom and democracy during the Martial Law era, and was the founding president of the Taipei Society.
Huang Fu-san is a Taiwanese historian.
Lo Tung-bin, also known as T. B. Lo, was a Taiwanese biochemist. A pioneer in the research on proteins in Taiwan, he was elected an academician of Academia Sinica in 1986. He served as Dean of the College of Sciences of National Taiwan University and Vice President of Academia Sinica (1993–1996).
The Taiwan Music Institute, established in January 2002 and formerly known as the Research Institute of Musical Heritage and Taiwan Music Center, was renamed the Taiwan Music Institute in 2012 as a research, collection, exhibition and promotion organization for Taiwan music. It operates under the auspices of the National Center for Traditional Arts (NCFTA) under the Ministry of Culture. The Institute is located within the premises of Taiwan Traditional Theatre Center in Shilin District, Taipei City, and has a music archive on the second floor. The collection of books and audiovisual materials focuses on traditional ethnic music in Taiwan, supplemented by Asian, Pacific, and world ethnic music. Additionally, it showcases the archived musical artifacts of renowned Taiwanese musicians. The Institute welcomes public visits and offers reserved guided tours.
Si̍t-chûn Movement, inasmuch as the Kyoto School, Neo-Confucianism and other prominent philosophical movements in the early-twentieth-century East Asia, is a significant philosophical movement during the Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan, in which the intellectuals in the 1920s formulated their reflections on the Taiwanese community through the western values and thoughts and wedged against the colonial domination and imperial assimilation. Si̍t-chûn Movement was intensely bond with political and cultural counter-imperialism, involving intellectuals e.g. Lin Mosei(zh:林茂生), Hung Yao-hsün(zh:洪耀勳), Wen Kwei Liao(zh:廖文奎), Mingdian Liu(zh:劉明電), Shao-Hsing Chen(zh:陳紹馨), Lin Qiu-wu(zh:林秋悟), Hsiang-yu Su(zh:蘇薌雨), Shenqie Zhang(zh:張深切), Chin-sui Hwang(zh:黃金穗), Shoki Coe(zh:黃彰輝), Isshū Yō(zh:楊杏庭), C K Wu(吳 振坤), and so forth. 'At the begin,' according to the Taiwanese cultural sociologist Ren-yi Liao 's 1988 grounding formulation, 'Taiwanese Philosophy has been a civil intellectual movement against domination, rather than an academic form of conception.' 'Si̍t-chûn Movement', however, has yet ratified and systemically studied until 2014.
Philosophy in Taiwan is the set of philosophical traditions in Taiwan, while Taiwanese philosophy is taken to mean philosophical work from the country. Philosophical thought in Taiwan is diverse, drawing influence from Chinese philosophy during Qing rule from the 17th and 18th century, and Western philosophy through the Kyoto School during Japanese rule in the 19th and early 20th century. Taiwanese philosophy took a more endogenous turn during the modern era, with burgeoning philosophical debate regarding Taiwanese Gemeinschaft.
Tsai Ying-wen was a Taiwanese political scientist and translator. He was a fellow at Academia Sinica, with his main research focus on the history of Western political thought. His book, From Monarchy and Autocracy to Democracy, won Academia Sinica's 5th Academic Book Award in Humanities and Social Sciences in 2016.
The Fujian–Taiwan relations, also known as the Min–Tai relations, refers to the relationship between Fujian, which is located in mainland China, and Taiwan, which is across the Taiwan Strait. Since the average width of the Taiwan Strait is 180 kilometers, Fujian and Taiwan are adjacent, similar in both climate and environment. Although the relationship between Taiwan and Fujian has changed with the development of history, the two places have maintained close relations in terms of personnel, economy, military, culture and other aspects. At present, Taiwan residents are mostly descendants of immigrants from mainland China, of which the southern Fujian ethnic group is the main group, accounting for 73.5% of Taiwan's total population. In terms of culture, language, religion, and customs, Fujian and Taiwan also share similarities.
International Journal of Taiwan Studies (IJTS) is a hybrid open access biannual peer-reviewed academic journal in English hosting by the Centre of Taiwan Studies, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London. This journal covers all aspects of Taiwan Studies, including social sciences, Taiwanese art, Taiwanese literature, culture of Taiwan, history of Taiwan and humanities, and interdisciplinary topics. It is published by Brill Publishers and cosponsored by Academia Sinica and the European Association of Taiwan Studies. Its Editor-in-Chief is Ming-Yeh Rawnsley. It is established in 2018 and abstracted and indexed by Scopus.
Located between Mainland China, Japan, and several island countries of Southeast Asia, Taiwan is situated at the junction of maritime traffic connecting Indo-Pacific countries. The earliest human activity on the island dated back to the Paleolithic Changbin culture in Taitung County. Taiwan then experienced the Dutch Formosa period (1624–1662), the Kingdom of Tungning (1661–1683), the Japanese rule (1895–1945), and the current period starting with the Nationalist government’s move to Taiwan in 1949. With the human body as its primary medium of expression, dance is inextricably linked to the activities of different ethnic groups. Influenced by Taiwan’s geographical location and historical background, the establishment and evolution of dance forms are closely connected to the political, economic, social, and cultural factors in every period.
The Taiwan Historical Relic Source Research Society (台灣史蹟源流研究會), formerly the Taiwan History Seminar (台灣史講習會), was an organization founded by China Youth Corps (中國青年救國團) and Historical Research Committee of Tawian Province (台灣省文獻會) in Tawian in the 1970s. It was meant to communicate the connection between Taiwan and China in ancient times, thereby emphasizing the inseparable relationship between Taiwan and China and combating Taiwan independence ideology.In October, 1969, curator of the National Museum of History Wang Yuqing (王宇清) co-hosted the "Special Exhibition of Zhongyuan Culture and Historical Relics of Taiwan (中原文化與台灣歷史文物特展)" with provincial and city research committees. After the exhibition, Wang Guofan (王國璠) of the Historical Research Committee of Taipei City helped gaining support from Chairman of the Historical Research Committee of Taiwan Province Chang Bingnan (張炳楠) and curator of Taiwan Provincial Museum (省立台灣博物館) Liu Yen (劉衍), and the Taiwan History Seminar was formed. Help was also sought from the main corp of China Youth Anti-Communist National Salvation Corps (中國青年反共救國團) to allocate students from history departments of colleges and universities to participate in the lectures, and the Historical Research Committee of Taipei City and Taiwan Province were responsible for hosting the activities. In August 1970, a 5-day long “Lecture on Taiwan History” was held exclusively for students in history departments. Chen Chi-lu(陳奇祿), Lin Hendao (林衡道), Hu Yiguan (胡一貫) and Tseng Guangshun (曾廣順) were hired as lecture faculties. In 1973, the organization changed its name into the Taiwan Historical Relic Source Research Society and continued to host summer lectures with topics relating to Taiwan history. These lectures featured esteemed scholars, immersive explorations of historical relics, research presentations, annual festivities, and the publication of magazines. Such events had significant allure for college students, given the dearth of Taiwan history courses available to them during that period.
Lin Hau (1907-1991), birth name Lin Shi-Hao (林是好), also known by her stage name Lin Li-mei (林麗美), was a female musician and vocalist during the Japanese occupation period in Taiwan. She was active in the Taiwanese music scene of the 1930s, specializing in reinterpreting Taiwanese folk songs using the techniques of artistic vocal performance.
Huang Te-shih, a native of Shulin District, New Taipei City, was a scholar, researcher of Chinese and Taiwanese literature, journalist, writer, and translator in Taiwan. He was also a professor at National Taiwan University.
Wu Hsin-jung was a prominent figure in the literary group known as the Saline Land and was also a physician and political figure. He was from Siaolung Subprefecture, Yenshui Port Prefecture, which is present-day Jiangjun District, Tainan City, Taiwan.
