List of rivers of Europe

Last updated April 27, 2024

This article lists the principal rivers of Europe with their main tributaries.

Scope

The border of Europe and Asia is here defined as from the Kara Sea, along the Ural Mountains and Ural River to the Caspian Sea. While the crest of the Caucasus Mountains is the geographical border with Asia in the south, Georgia, and to a lesser extent Armenia and Azerbaijan, are politically and culturally often associated with Europe; rivers in these countries are therefore included.

The list is at the outset limited to those rivers that are at least 250 km long from the most distant source, have a drainage basin (catchment area, watershed) of at least 10,000 km² (3,900 sq mi), or have a mean discharge (volume, flow) of at least 150 m³/s (5,300 cu ft/s). Also included are a number of rivers (currently 47) that do not meet these criteria, but are very well known and/or nearly make the mark. Examples of these are the Arno, Ruhr, Saar, and Clyde. See the lists of rivers for individual countries linked to at the bottom of the page for smaller rivers.

The rivers are ordered from those flowing to the extreme northeast into the Arctic Ocean, following the coastline anticlockwise all the way to the southeastern coast of the Black Sea. Iceland and the British Islands are included via virtual connections with northern Norway and across the Strait of Dover and the North Channel, respectively. Finally, rivers draining into the Caspian Sea are listed from Azerbaijan to the Ural River.

The table can be sorted by each column. The first three columns give a ranking for (maximum) length, area and volume of those rivers flowing into the sea or an endorheic lake down to the cut-off values. No ranking of tributaries is attempted, as the concept is too contentious; for example, hydrologically the middle and upper Volga could be considered a tributary of the Kama, in which case it would be the fifth or sixth longest river in Europe. Instead it does not appear in the table at all.

The commercial and geopolitical importance of rivers is not ranked here. As a transportation artery, a river may unite a region commercially and economically, but major rivers, as barriers to travel, may also form political boundaries between states. The Danube, the second longest river in Europe, is notable for flowing through or past ten countries; the Rhine through or past six. The Volga, the longest river in Europe, unites a huge region of European Russia; eleven of the twenty largest cities in Russia lie on its banks. The Loire and the Po unite important regions within France and Italy respectively. The most important rivers in Europe include Rhone, Elbe, Oder, Tagus, Thames, Don and Dnieper, among others.^{[ further explanation needed ]}

Caveats

The measurements shown are drawn from sources deemed most reliable, but still are often uncertain, especially when other sources disagree wildly. For example, the Siret in Romania and Ukraine is 726 km long with a basin of 44,000 km² according to the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 647 km (44,811 km²) according to a Romanian management plan for the Siret basin ^[1] and 559 km (47,610 km²) according to the extensive transboundary rivers study by the Economic Commission for Europe.^[2]

Length estimates for rivers depend on a number of variables:

The estimate will be larger when the curves of the river are traced at a smaller scale.
The choice of the source obviously has an impact. Here we attempt to list the most distant source. When that involves a tributary nearer the mouth of the river, the length of the nominal river is listed as well, if it meets the above criteria.
Rivers flowing into estuaries have an arbitrary lower end. The channel of such a river through an estuary is usually included in the length when it is exposed at low tide.
The length of a watercourse through a reservoir or lake is open to interpretation. For this table, when a source for the total length of a river system involving lakes is lacking, the shortest possible course through the lakes is used
Over time, a river's length can change through canalization, the creation of reservoirs, and natural changes in the water course.

The catchment areas are more consistent between sources. However, in low relief the watershed is less obvious, while underground connections (especially in karst systems) further complicate area measurements. Unless excellent sources are available, the areas below 70°N latitude are taken from the HydroBASINS project.^[3] The River Networks and Ramsar Sites Information Service websites provide convenient interfaces to assess the accuracy of many of the basins. Areas for rivers above 70°N are warned^{[ clarification needed ]} and found to be less reliable.

The listed multiyear mean discharges are even less reliable than the lengths. Underestimates are most common, as the gauging stations are often far above the mouth, so that only a fraction of the drainage basin is represented. On the other hand, the highest volume of a river may not be at the mouth due to water loss by human usage, diversion (e.g. through distributaries), evaporation, or underground drainage.

Rivers of Europe

Arctic Ocean	Atlantic Ocean	North Sea	White Sea	Baltic Sea	Mediterranean Sea	Black Sea	Caspian Sea

Europe's largest rivers ( over 100 km long, > 10,000 km² watershed, or > 150 m³/s mean discharge)
º
Rank (of fleuves )			River or river system					Length (km)	Basin (km²)	Flow (m³/s)	Mouth	Countries ^{[note 1]}	Notes	Refs
Length	Area	Flow	River or river system					Length (km)	Basin (km²)	Flow (m³/s)	Mouth	Countries ^{[note 1]}	Notes	Refs
94	82	-	Kara ← Bolshoy Kara					289	13400	?	Kara Sea near Ust-Kara		^{[note 2]}	^[4]
86	86	-	Korotaikha [ de; it; ru ] ← Syadej-Yu					310	12700	?	Pechora Sea		^{[note 3]}	^[5]
6	6	3	Pechora					1809	322000	4380	Pechora Sea near Naryan-Mar			^[6]^[7]
-	-	-		Sula				353	10400	92	Pechora			^[8]
-	-	-		Shapkina [ de; ru ] ← Lekeyyu [ ru ]				506	6570	582	Pechora			^[9]
-	-	-		Tsilma				374	21500	228	Pechora			^[10]
-	-	-		Pizhma				389	5470	55	Pechora			^[11]
-	-	-		Izhma				531	31000	317	Pechora near Ust-Izhma			^[12]^[13]
-	-	-		Laya [ de; no; ru ]				332	9530	50	Pechora			^[14]
-	-	-		Usa				565	93600	1310	Pechora near Usinsk			^[15]
-	-	-			Kolva			546	18100	165	Usa near Usinsk			^[16]
-	-	-			Adzva			334	10600	110	Usa			^[17]
-	-	-			Kosyu [ de; nl; ru ]			259	14800	122	Usa			^[18]
-	-	-			Bolshaya Rogovaya [ de; no; ru ]			311	7290	?	Usa			^[19]
-	-	-		Shchugor				300	9660	252	Pechora			^[20]
-	-	-		Ilych				411	16000	177	Pechora			^[21]
105	98	-	Voronya ← Lake Lovozero ← Kurga [ ru ]					251	9940	114	Barents Sea		^{[note 4]}	^[22]
84	58	61	Tuloma ← Lake Notozero ← Lutto					320	21140	241	Barents Sea near Murmansk		^{[note 5]}	^[23]^[2]
73	62	86	Paatsjoki ← Lake Inari ← Ivalo					360	18403	157	Barents Sea near Kirkenes			^[24]^[25]
70	72	73	Tana/Deatnu ← Karasjohka					366	16386	197	Barents Sea near Tana Bru		^{[note 6]}	^[2]
-	-	74	Jökulsá á Fjöllum					206	7750	183	Arctic Ocean			^[26]
-	-	32	Ölfusá ← Hvítá					185	6100	423	Atlantic Ocean near Selfoss			^[26]^[25]
-	-	39	Þjórsá					230	7530	370	Atlantic Ocean			^[26]^[25]
-	-	65	Kúðafljót					115	2400	250	Atlantic Ocean			^[26]
-	-	71	Jökulsá á Dal					150	3700	205	Atlantic Ocean		^{[note 7]}	^[26]
-	-	-	Altaelva					240	8693	101	Norwegian Sea in Alta
-	-	78	Målselva ← Rostaelva					145	6144	171	Norwegian Sea in Målselv
-	-	70	Vefsna					161	4122	207	Norwegian Sea in Mosjøen
-	-	53	Namsen					229	6298	285	Norwegian Sea in Namsos
-	-	90	Otra					245	3740	150	North Sea in Kristiansand
99	93	59	Skien ← Norsjø ← Saua ← Heddalsvatnet ← Tinne - etc. system					273	10815	263	Skagerrak near Porsgrunn
76	-	-	Numedalslågen					356	5554	111	Skagerrak in Larvik
89	66	49	Drammenselva ← Tyrifjorden ← Storelva-Ådalselva-Sperillen ← Begna ← Otrøelva					310	17113	314	Skagerrak in Drammen
38	37	15	Glomma/Glåma					619	42441	709	Skagerrak in Fredrikstad			^[2]^[25]
-	-	-		Vorma ← Mjøsa ← Gudbrandsdalslågen				358	17412	330	Glomma at Årnes
29	34	24	Göta älv ← Vänern ← Klarälven system					756	50229	554	Kattegat in Gothenburg			^[27]^[25]
-	-	-		Klarälven ← Trysilelva ← Femundelva ← Rogen				460	11820	165	Vänern near Karlstad		^{[note 8]}
-	-	-	Ätran					243	3342	53	Kattegat in Falkenberg
-	-	-	Lagan					232	6452	82	Kattegat near Laholm
10	12	14	Elbe ← Vltava ← Teplá Vltava [ cs; de ]					1329	148268	860	Wadden Sea near Cuxhaven		^{[note 9]}	^[28]^[2]
-	-	-	Elbe					1094	148268	860	Wadden Sea near Cuxhaven		^{[note 10]}	^[29]^[2]
-	-	-		Havel ← Spree				560	24096	103	Elbe near Havelberg		^{[note 11]}	^[29]
-	-	-		Havel				334	24096	103	Elbe near Havelberg			^[29]
-	-	-			Spree			382	10110	35	Havel in Berlin-Spandau			^[29]
-	-	-		Saale				413	24167	117	Elbe in Barby			^[29]
-	-	-			White Elster			257	5154	26	Saale near Halle (Saale)			^[29]
-	-	-		Mulde ← Zwickauer Mulde				290	7400	75	Elbe in Dessau		^{[note 12]}	^[29]
-	-	-		Ohře / Eger				316	5588	38	Elbe in Litoměřice			^[29]
-	-	-		Vltava - Teplá Vltava				431	28101	154	Elbe in Mělník		^{[note 13]}	^[29]
30	35	44	Weser ← Werra					751	46259	365	Wadden Sea near Bremerhaven		^{[note 14]}	^[30]^[31]
-	-	-		Aller ← Leine				346	15721	120	Weser near Verden		^{[note 15]}	^[30]
-	-	-		Aller				260	15721	120	Weser near Verden		211?	^[30]
-	-	-			Leine			278	6517	62	Aller near Schwarmstedt			^[30]
-	-	-		Fulda				220	6947	67	Weser in Hannoversch Münden			^[30]
-	-	-		Werra				300	5497	50	Weser in Hannoversch Münden			^[30]
69	64	-	Ems					371	17802	89	Wadden Sea near Delfzijl		^{[note 16]}	^[31]^[2]
-	-	-	Zwarte Water ← Vecht/Vechte					201	5741	50	IJsselmeer near Genemuiden		^{[note 17]}	^[32]
-	-	41	IJssel ← Oude IJssel					188	4533	380	IJsselmeer near Kampen		^{[note 18]}	^[33]^[34]
11	11	6	Rhine					1233	185263	2315	North Sea at Hook of Holland		^{[note 19]}
-	-	-		Waal				82	?	1500	Rhine delta in Gorinchem		^{[note 20]}
-	-	-		Lek				62	?	429	Rhine delta at Kinderdijk		^{[note 20]}
-	-	-		Lippe ← Alme				268	4882	46	Rhine in Wesel		^{[note 21]}	^[32]
-	-	-		Ruhr ← Neger ← Renau				227	4485	82	Rhine in Duisburg		^{[note 22]}	^[32]
-	-	-		Moselle ← Moselotte				549	28153	320	Rhine in Koblenz		^{[note 23]}	^[35]^[2]
-	-	-			Saar			235	7431	78	Moselle near Konz			^[35]
-	-	-			Sauer			173	4259	41	Moselle in Wasserbillig			^[35]
-	-	-		Lahn ← Ohm ← Felda				251	5925	51	Rhine in Lahnstein		^{[note 24]}	^[32]
-	-	-		Main ← Regnitz system				583	27208	211	Rhine in Mainz		^{[note 25]}	^[36]
-	-	-		Main				525	27208	211	Rhine in Mainz		^{[note 26]}	^[36]
-	-	-			Regnitz ← Pegnitz ← Fichtenohe			191	7521	57	Main in Bamberg		^{[note 27]}	^[36]
-	-	-		Neckar ← Eschach				380	13934	136	Rhine in Mannheim			^[37]
-	-	-		Ill				217	4760	54	Rhine near Strasbourg			^[38]
-	-	-		Aare				288	17684	559	Rhine in Koblenz			^[39]
-	-	-			Limmat ← Lake Zürich ← Linth			140	2417	101	Aare in Brugg			^[39]
-	-	-			Reuss			164	3443	140	Aare in Brugg			^[39]
20	40	46	Meuse/Maas					950	34364	357	North Sea near Hellevoetsluis		^{[note 28]}	^[40]^[2]
-	-	-		Ourthe				181	3624	55	Meuse in Liège
-	-	-		Sambre				193	2856	29	Meuse in Namur
73	56	-	Scheldt					360	21683	129	North Sea near Flushing		^{[note 29]}	^[41]^[42]^[31]
-	-	-		Leie/Lys				202	4305	28	Scheldt in Ghent			^[41]
73	77	-	Thames ← Churn					360	14292	66	North Sea near Southend-on-Sea		^{[note 30]}	^[43]
-	-	-	Great Ouse					230	8172	39	North Sea in King's Lynn			^[44]
92	96	-	Trent					298	10435	100	Humber Estuary near Scunthorpe		^{[note 31]}	^[45]
-	94	-	Ouse ← Ure					208	10704	145	Humber Estuary near Scunthorpe		^{[note 32]}	^[46]
-	-	-	Tyne ← North Tyne					118	2936	45	North Sea at South Shields
-	-	-	Tweed					156	4988	90	North Sea in Berwick-upon-Tweed			^[47]^[48]
-	-	67	Tay					193	6019	220	North Sea near Dundee		^{[note 33]}	^[49]
-	-	-	Spey					173	2944	66	North Sea near Elgin			^[50]
18	20	12	Mezen					966	78000	890	White Sea (Mezen Bay) near Mezen			^[51]^[25]
-	-	-		Pyoza				363	15100	123	Mezen			^[52]^[53]
-	-	-		Vashka				605	20500	184	Mezen			^[54]
78	60	-	Kuloy ← Sotka					350	19000	17	White Sea near Dolgoshchelye		^{[note 8]}	^[55]
7	5	4	Northern Dvina ← Vychegda					1803	357052	3330	Dvina Bay in Severodvinsk		^{[note 34]}	^[56]^[25]
-	-	-	Northern Dvina ← Sukhona ← Lake Kubenskoye ← Kubena					1685	357052	3330	Dvina Bay in Severodvinsk		^{[note 35]}	^[56]^[25]
-	-	-		Pinega				779	42600	430	Northern Dvina in Ust-Pinega			^[57]
-	-	-		-	Yula			250	5290	49	Pinega			^[58]
-	-	-		Yemtsa ← Mekhrenga				299	14100	70	Northern Dvina near Bolshaya Gora		^{[note 36]}	^[59]
-	-	-		Vaga ← Ustya				736	44800	384	Northern Dvina near Bereznik		^{[note 37]}	^[60]
-	-	-		Vaga				575	44800	384	Northern Dvina near Bereznik			^[61]
-	-	-			Ustya			477	17500	92	Vaga			^[62]
-	-	-				Kokshenga		251	5670	36	Ustya			^[63]
-	-	-		Vychegda				1130	121000	1160	Northern Dvina in Kotlas			^[64]
-	-	-			Viled			321	5610	43	Vychegda near Koryazhma			^[65]
-	-	-			Yarenga			281	5140	49	Vychegda			^[66]
-	-	-			Vym			499	25600	260	Vychegda near Ust-Vym			^[67]
-	-	-				Yolva [ de ]		255	3440	31	Vym			^[68]^[69]
-	-	-			Sysola			487	17200	105	Vychegda in Syktyvkar			^[70]^[71]
-	-	-			Lokchim [ de; ru ]			272	6600	52	Vychegda			^[72]
-	-	-			Vishera			247	8780	79	Vychegda			^[73]
-	-	-			Nem [ de; ru ]			260	4230	37	Vychegda			^[74]
-	-	-		Lower Yug ← Luza				609	35600	290	Northern Dvina in Veliky Ustyug		^{[note 38]}	^[75]
-	-	-		Yug				574	35600	290	Northern Dvina in Veliky Ustyug			^[76]^[77]
-	-	-			Luza			574	18300	132	Yug			^[78]
-	-	-		Sukhona ← Lake Kubenskoye ← Kubena				941	50300	438	Northern Dvina in Veliki Ustyug		^{[note 39]}	^[79]
33	28	28	Onega ← Lake Lacha ← Svid ← Lake Vozhe ← Vozhega					680	56900	492	Onega Bay at Onega town		^{[note 40]}	^[80]^[81]
-	-	-	Onega					416	56900	492	Onega Bay at Onega town			^[82]
-	-	-		Voloshka				260	7100	72	Onega			^[83]
55	45	58	Lower Vyg ← Lake Vygozero ← Segezha [ de; ru ]-system					436	27100	267	White Sea near Belomorsk		^{[note 41]}	^[84]^[85]
-	-	-	Vyg ← Umba [ ru ]					315	27100	267	White Sea near Belomorsk		^{[note 42]}	^[86]
-	-	-		Segezha [ de; ru ] ← Lake Segozero ← Vuoloma [ de; ru ] ← Talviesdegi [ ru ]				329	9140	74	Lake Vygozero near Segezha		^{[note 43]}	^[87]
59	44	55	Kem ← Čirka-Kem [ de; ru ]					422	27700	279	White Sea near Kem		^{[note 44]}	^[88]
-	-	-	Kem ← Kuyto Lakes ← Pista/Pistojoki [ de; fi; ru ]					399	27700	279	White Sea near Kem		^{[note 45]}	^[89]
82	49	56	Kovda ← Lake Topozero ← Karango [ ru ]					325	26100	276	Kandalaksha Gulf		^{[note 46]}	^[90]^[91]
-	85	83	Niva					36	12830	164	Kandalaksha Gulf near Kandalaksha		^{[note 47]}	^[92]
104	-	-	Varzuga					254	9840	79	White Sea			^[93]
58	74	81	Ponoy					426	15500	167	White Sea			^[94]^[95]
96	75	-	Motala ström ← Vättern ← Huskvarnaån system					285	15481	100	Baltic Sea in Norrköping			^[27]
91	54	82	Norrström ← Mälaren ← Kolbäcksån system					307	22650	166	Baltic Sea in Stockholm			^[27]
43	43	47	Dalälven ← Österdalälven					542	28954	353	Bothnian Sea near Gävle			^[96]^[25]
-	-	-		Västerdalälven ← Fulan				315	8642	124	Dalälven in Djurås			^[96]
52	59	66	Ljusnan					443	19828	226	Bothnian Sea in Söderhamn			^[96]
64	84	-	Ljungan					399	12851	135	Bothnian Sea near Sundsvall			^[96]
57	48	30	Indalsälven					430	26726	448	Bothnian Sea near Sundsvall			^[96]^[25]
48	42	29	Ångerman					463	31864	481	Bothnian Sea near Kramfors			^[96]^[25]
-	-	-		Faxälven				399	9037	152	Ångerman near Sollefteå			^[96]
-	-	-		Fjällsjöälven				263	8432	139	Ångerman near Näsåker			^[96]
47	47	33	Umeälven					467	26815	435	Bothnian Sea in Umeå			^[96]^[25]
-	-	-		Vindelälven				453	12654	188	Umeälven near Umeå			^[96]
53	89	86	Skellefteälven					440	11731	157	Bothnian Bay in Skellefteå			^[96]
63	92	89	Piteälven					402	11285	156	Bothnian Bay in Piteå			^[96]
49	50	26	Luleälven					461	25240	500	Bothnian Bay in Luleå			^[96]^[25]
-	-	-		Lesser Lule				238	9678	180	Luleälven near Vuollerim			^[96]
49	63	52	Kalixälven					461	18130	289	Bothnian Bay in Kalix			^[96]
40	38	34	Torne ← Torneträsk ← Abiskojokk ← Válfojohka					565	40157	430	Bothnian Bay in Tornio		^{[note 48]}	^[96]^[2]
-	-	-		Muonio ← Könkämäeno ← Kilpisjärvi				350	14430	162	Torne near Pajala		^{[note 49]}	^[96]
-	-	-		Lainioälven ← Rostoeatnu ← Rostojávri ← Ohmátjohka				290	6002	70	Torne near Junosuando		^{[note 50]}	^[96]
42	33	25	Kemijoki					552	51127	553	Bothnian Bay in Kemi			^[2]^[25]
-	-	-		Ounasjoki				300	13968	140	Kemijoki in Rovaniemi			^[97]
-	-	-		Kitinen				278	11214	?	Kemijoki near Pelkosenniemi
86	78	76	Iijoki					310	14191	174	Bothnian Bay in Ii		^{[note 51]}
60	53	60	Oulujoki ← Oulujärvi ← Hyrynsalmi system					420	22841	262	Bothnian Bay in Oulu		^{[note 52]}	^[2]
-	46	63	Kokemäenjoki					150	27046	238	Bothnian Sea in Pori		^{[note 53]}
41	39	54	Kymi ← Lake Päijänne ←←← Koivujärvi sources					554	37159	282	Gulf of Finland in Kotka		^{[note 54]}
15	7	5	Neva ← Lake Ladoga ← Volkhov-system					1010	281000	2490	Gulf of Finland in Saint Petersburg		^{[note 55]}	^[98]^[25]
-	-	-	Neva					74	281000	2490	Gulf of Finland in Saint Petersburg			^[98]^[25]
-	-	-		Vuoksi ← Saimaa ← Pielisjoki-system				806	68501	584	Lake Ladoga at Solovyovo and at Priozersk		^{[note 56]}	^[99]^[2]
-	-	-			Pielisjoki ← Pielinen ← Lieksanjoki ←← Murdoyoki [ ru ]			390	20000	240	Lake Saimaa in Joensuu		^{[note 57]}
-	-	-		Svir ← Lake Onega ← Vodla-system				678	88200	790	Lake Ladoga near Lodeynoye Pole		^{[note 58]}	^[100]
-	-	-			Oyat			266	5220	52	Svir near Lodeynoye Pole			^[101]
-	-	-			Shuya			194	10100	130	Lake Onega near Petrozavodsk			^[102]
-	-	-			Suna			280	7670	66	Lake Onega near Kondopoga			^[103]
-	-	-			Vodla ← Lake Vodlozero ← Ileksa ← Olova [ ru ]			358	13700	130	Lake Onega near Pudozh		^{[note 59]}	^[104]
-	-	-		Syas				260	7330	53	Lake Ladoga in Syasstroy			^[105]
-	-	-		Volkhov ← Lake Ilmen ← Msta-system				844	80200	580	Lake Ladoga near Volkhov		^{[note 60]}	^[106]
-	-	-			Msta ← Lake Mstino ← Tsna			620	23300	202	Lake Ilmen near Velikiy Novgorod		^{[note 61]}	^[107]
-	-	-			Pola			267	7420	63	Lake Ilmen near Staraya Russa			^[108]
-	-	-			Lovat			530	21900	105	Lake Ilmen near Staraya Russa			^[109]
-	-	-			Shelon			248	9710	44	Lake Ilmen near Shimsk			^[110]
67	83	-	Luga ← Oredezh					383	13364	93	Gulf of Finland in Ust-Luga		^{[note 62]}	^[111]
-	-	-	Luga					353	13364	93	Gulf of Finland in Ust-Luga			^[112]
35	29	37	Narva ← Lake Peipus ← Velikaya					647	56229	400	Gulf of Finland near Narva			^[2]
-	-	-	Narva					77	56229	400	Gulf of Finland near Narva			^[2]
-	-	-		Plyussa				281	6963	50	Narva near Narva			^[113]
-	-	-		Velikaya				430	25153	134	Lake Peipus near Pskov			^[114]
-	-	-		Emajõgi ← Võrtsjärv ← Väike Emajõgi				218	10039	70	Lake Peipus		^{[note 63]}	^[115]
-	-	-	Pärnu					144	6887	64	Gulf of Riga in Pärnu			^[116]
51	-	-	Gauja					452	9161	71	Gulf of Riga near Riga			^[2]
14	18	19	Daugava/Western Dvina					1020	85613	640	Gulf of Riga near Riga			^[25]
-	-	-		Aiviekste ← Pededze				254	9135	57	Daugava near Pļaviņas		^{[note 64]}	^[117]
-	-	-		Mezha				259	9525	61	Daugava near Doroshkino
86	65	-	Lielupe ← Mēmele/Nemunėlis					310	17504	106	Gulf of Riga near Jūrmala			^[2]
79	87	-	Venta					346	11843	98	Baltic Sea in Ventspils			^[2]
22	17	20	Neman					914	92523	634	Baltic Sea near Šilutė			^[2]
-	-	-		Šešupė				298	6194	34	Neman near Neman
-	-	-		Nevėžis				209	5947	33	Neman near Raudondvaris
-	-	-		Neris/Viliya				510	25254	182	Neman in Kaunas
-	-	-			Šventoji			246	6804	56	Neris in Jonava
-	-	-		Shchara				325	6724	31	Neman
80	79	-	Pregolya ← Lava/Łyna					336	14117	90	Baltic Sea near Kaliningrad		^{[note 65]}	^[118]
-	-	-	Pregolya ← Angrapa ← Gołdapa					310	14117	90	Baltic Sea near Kaliningrad		^{[note 66]}	^[119]
-	-	-		Łyna/Alna/Lava				264	7020	40	Pregolya in Znamensk		^{[note 67]}	^[120]^[121]
12	9	10	Vistula ← Bugonarew ← Western Bug					1211	192632	1080	Baltic Sea near Gdańsk		^{[note 68]}	^[122]^[2]^[25]
-	-	-	Vistula					1047	192632	1080	Baltic Sea near Gdańsk		^{[note 69]}	^[122]^[2]^[25]
-	-	-		Bugonarew ← Western Bug				810	74714	328	Vistula in Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki		^{[note 70]}
-	-	-			Wkra			249	5322	20	Bugonarew near Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki			^[123]
-	-	-			Narew			446	28645	146	Bugonarew near Serock		^{[note 71]}	^[124]
-	-	-			Western Bug			772	38676	158	Bugonarew near Serock			^[125]
-	-	-		Pilica				319	9138	46	Vistula near Warka			^[126]
-	-	-		Wieprz				303	10256	43	Vistula in Dęblin			^[127]
-	-	-		San				443	16769	126	Vistula near Sandomierz			^[128]
-	-	-		Dunajec				247	6802	85	Vistula in Opatowiec			^[129]^[2]
13	13	22	Oder ← Warta					1045	118791	574	Baltic Sea in Świnoujście		^{[note 72]}	^[130]^[2]
-	-	-	Oder					854	118791	574	Baltic Sea in Świnoujście		^{[note 73]}	^[2]^[25]
-	-	-		Warta				808	55538	195	Oder in Kostrzyn nad Odrą			^[130]
-	-	-			Noteć			388	17159	76	Warta in Santok			^[131]
-	-	-		Lusatian Neisse				255	4403	31	Oder in Neißemünde			^[132]
-	-	-		Bóbr				272	5943	39	Oder in Krosno Odrzańskie			^[133]
-	-	-	Clyde					176	3045	83	North Channel near Glasgow			^[134]
-	-	-	Lower Bann ← Lough Neagh ← Ulster Blackwater					186	5775	92	North Channel in Coleraine			^[31]
101	88	69	Shannon					258	11773	208	Shannon Estuary near Limerick		^{[note 74]}	^[31]
-	-	86	The Three Sisters					192	9207	157	Celtic Sea near Waterford		^{[note 75]}	^[135]^[31]
-	-	-	Mersey ← Tame					160	4312	66	Irish Sea near Liverpool		^{[note 76]}	^[136]
-	-	-	Wye					215	4136	80	Severn Estuary near Chepstow			^[137]
77	91	-	Severn					354	11420	120	Bristol Channel near Weston-super-Mare			^[138]
-	-	-	Somme					245	6548	37	English Channel near Abbeville			^[31]^[41]
26	21	23	Seine ← Marne					875	75374	560	English Channel in Le Havre		^{[note 77]}	^[139]
-	-	-	Seine					777	75374	560	English Channel in Le Havre		^{[note 78]}}	^[139]
-	-	-		Eure				229	6017	26	Seine in Pont-de-l'Arche			^[140]
-	-	-		Oise ← Aisne ← Aire				454	16783	110	Seine in Conflans-Sainte-Honorine		^{[note 79]}
-	-	-		Oise				341	16783	110	Seine in Conflans-Sainte-Honorine			^[141]
-	-	-			Aisne			356	7939	65	Oise in Compiègne			^[142]
-	-	-		Marne				514	12783	110	Seine in Ivry-sur-Seine			^[143]
-	-	-		Yonne				292	10836	93	Seine in Montereau-Fault-Yonne			^[144]
-	-	-		Aube				249	4595	41	Seine near Romilly-sur-Seine			^[145]
-	95	-	Vilaine					218	10459	72	Bay of Biscay in Pénestin			^[146]
17	14	13	Loire					1006	117356	889	Bay of Biscay in Saint-Nazaire			^[147]^[148]
-	-	-		Maine ← Sarthe ← Loir				338	22240	127	Loire near Angers		^{[note 80]}	^[149]
-	-	-			Mayenne			202	5844	50	Maine near Angers			^[150]
-	-	-			Sarthe			314	16250	82	Maine near Angers			^[151]
-	-	-				Loir		317	8294	32	Sarthe near Angers			^[152]
-	-	-		Vienne				363	21161	210	Loire in Candes-Saint-Martin			^[153]
-	-	-			Creuse			264	10279	85	Vienne near Châtellerault			^[154]
-	-	-		Indre				279	3428	19	Loire near Candes-Saint-Martin			^[155]
-	-	-		Cher				368	13718	96	Loire in Villandry			^[156]
-	-	-		Allier				421	14350	144	Loire near Nevers			^[157]
68	99	-	Charente					381	9855	49	Bay of Biscay near Rochefort			^[158]
46	52	41	Dordogne					483	23957	380	Gironde estuary near Bordeaux			^[159]
-	-	-		Isle				255	7558	63	Dordogne in Libourne			^[160]
-	-	-		Vézère				211	3715	58	Dordogne near Le Bugue			^[161]
39	30	17	Garonne ← Tarn					610	55846	650	Gironde estuary near Bordeaux		^{[note 81]}	^[162]
-	-	-	Garonne					575	55846	650	Gironde estuary near Bordeaux		^{[note 82]}	^[162]
-	-	-		Lot				485	11538	155	Garonne near Aiguillon			^[163]
-	-	-		Tarn				380	15586	233	Garonne near Castelsarrasin			^[164]
-	-	-			Aveyron			291	5176	57	Tarn near Montauban			^[165]
-	-	-		Ariège				163	4135	76	Garonne in Toulouse			^[166]
89	67	45	Adour					308	16912	360	Bay of Biscay in Bayonne			^[167]^[25]
-	-	-		Gaves réunis ← Gave de Pau				193	5464	82	Adour near Peyrehorade			^[168]
71	70	48	Minho ← Sil					361	16651	340	Atlantic Ocean near Caminha		^{[note 83]}	^[2]
-	-	-	Minho					309	16651	340	Atlantic Ocean near Caminha			^[2]
-	-	-		Sil				226	7969	100	Minho near Ourense
25	16	17	Douro					897	97290	650	Atlantic Ocean in Porto			^[2]^[25]
-	-	-		Tormes				247	7054	42	Douro near Bemposta [ de; pt ] / Villarino
-	-	-		Esla				275	16018	182	Douro near Muelas del Pan
-	-	-		Pisuerga				276	15665	82	Douro near Valladolid
-	-	-	Mondego					234	6656	108	Atlantic Ocean in Figueira da Foz
16	24	26	Tagus					1007	70756	500	Atlantic Ocean near Lisbon		^{[note 84]}	^[169]^[2]^[25]
-	-	-		Jarama				194	11532	32	Tagus in Aranjuez
-	-	-	Sado					180	6186	40	Atlantic Ocean in Setúbal
21	25	-	Guadiana (← Cigüela) ← Záncara					922	67027	79	Gulf of Cadiz near Ayamonte		^{[note 85]}	^[170]^[2]
-	-	-	Guadiana ← Guadiana Alto [ es ].					852	67027	79	Gulf of Cadiz near Ayamonte		^{[note 86]}	^[170]^[2]
31	27	83	Guadalquivir ← Guadiana Menor [ es; fr ] ← Guardal [ es; fr ]					722	57053	164	Gulf of Cadiz in Sanlúcar de Barrameda		^{[note 87]}	^[171]
-	-	-		Genil				358	8257	9.3	Guadalquivir in Palma del Río
82	71	-	Segura					325	16599	26	Mediterranean Sea in Guardamar del Segura
45	57	-	Júcar					498	21430	49	Balearic Sea in Cullera
98	-	-	Turia					280	6674	14	Balearic Sea in Valencia
23	19	21	Ebro					910	84763	577	Balearic Sea near Tortosa			^[25]
-	-	-		Segre				265	22719	100	Ebro in Mequinenza
-	-	-			Cinca			170	9720	82	Segre near Mequinenza
-	-	-		Jalón ← Jiloca				224	9658	21	Ebro near Torres de Berrellén
-	-	-		Aragón				195	8529	41	Ebro near Tudela
-	-	-	Llobregat					170	4948	21	Balearic Sea near Barcelona
-	-	-	Aude					224	5327	44	Gulf of Lion near Narbonne			^[172]
19	15	7	Rhône ← Saône ← Doubs					957	98131	1900	Gulf of Lion in Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rhône		^{[note 88]}	^[173]^[25]
-	-	-	Rhône					812	98131	1900	Gulf of Lion in Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rhône			^[174]^[25]
-	-	-		Durance				323	14342	180	Rhône in Avignon			^[175]
-	-	-		Isère				286	11890	333	Rhône near Valence			^[176]
-	-	-		Saône				480	29321	473	Rhône in Lyon			^[177]
-	-	-			Doubs			453	7874	176	Saône in Verdun-sur-le-Doubs			^[178]
-	-	-		Ain				190	3765	123	Rhône near Pont-de-Chéruy			^[179]
-	-	-	Arno					241	8852	110	Ligurian Sea near Pisa		^{[note 89]}
62	69	62	Tiber					405	16668	239	Tyrrhenian Sea in Ostia
-	-	-		Nera				116	4163	168	Tiber near Orte
-	-	-	Garigliano ← Liri					158	4059	120	Tyrrhenian Sea near Minturno
-	-	-	Volturno					175	5784	82	Tyrrhenian Sea in Castel Volturno
-	-	-	Reno					212	5615	95	Adriatic Sea near Comacchio
32	22	9	Po ← Tanaro					702	73746	1460	Adriatic Sea near Porto Tolle		^{[note 90]}	^[25]
-	-	-	Po					652	73746	1460	Adriatic Sea near Porto Tolle			^[180]^[25]
-	-	-		Mincio ← Lake Garda ← Sarca				203	2977	60	Po near Mantua
-	-	-		Oglio ← Lake Iseo ← Oglio				280	6598	130	Po near Mantua
-	-	-		Adda ← Lake Como ← Adda				313	7842	187	Po in Cremona
-	-	-		Ticino ← Lake Maggiore ← Ticino				248	8061	348	Po in Pavia
-	-	-		Tanaro ← Negrone				285	8182	116	Po near Alessandria		^{[note 91]}
-	-	-		Dora Baltea				168	3921	96	Po in Crescentino
-	-	68	Tartaro-Canalbianco-Po di Levante					147	2885	218	Adriatic Sea near Porto Viro
55	76	64	Adige ← Eisack ← Rienz ← Ahr					436	14543	235	Adriatic Sea near Chioggia		^{[note 92]}	^[181]
-	-	-	Adige ← Etsch ← Karlinbach					421	14543	235	Adriatic Sea near Chioggia		^{[note 93]}	^[181]
-	-	-	Brenta					174	4811	93	Adriatic Sea near Chioggia
-	-	-	Piave					231	4420	137	Adriatic Sea near Venice
-	-	-	Tagliamento					170	2939	92	Adriatic Sea near Lignano
-	-	77	Isonzo/Soča					138	3327	173	Adriatic Sea near Monfalcone			^[2]
-	97	43	Neretva					240	10380	378	Adriatic Sea near Ploče			^[2]^[25]
-	-	-		Trebišnjica				187	4926	114	Neretva in Neum		^{[note 94]}
66	61	16	Bojana/Buna ← Drin					384	18620	672	Adriatic Sea near Ulcinj		^{[note 95]}	^[182]
-	-	-		Drin ← Black Drin ← Sateska				343	14351	352	Buna near Lezhë		^{[note 96]}	^[2]
-	-	-			White Drin			136	5005	66	Drin in Kukës			^[2]
-	-	-		Morača				100	2820	156	Lake Skadar (Bojana) near Žabljak Crnojevića			^[183]
-	-	-	Shkumbin					181	2922	62	Adriatic Sea near Lushnjë			^[182]
97	-	-	Seman ← Devoll					281	6124	96	Adriatic Sea near Fier			^[182]
100	-	72	Aoös/Vjosë					272	6777	204	Adriatic Sea near Vlorë			^[2]
-	-	-	Achelous					220	5662	137	Ionian Sea near Astakos
-	-	-	Pineios (Thessaly)					216	9301	81	Aegean Sea near Larissa
93	-	-	Haliacmon					297	8664	80	Aegean Sea near Thessaloniki
65	51	79	Vardar/Axios ← Treska					393	24503	170	Aegean Sea near Thessaloniki		^{[note 97]}	^[2]
-	-	-	Vardar/Axios					388	24503	170	Aegean Sea near Thessaloniki			^[2]
61	68	-	Struma/Strymon					415	16801	76	Thracian Sea in Amphipolis			^[2]
-	-	-	Nestos/Mesta					243	5864	45	Thracian Sea near Thasos			^[2]
44	31	40	Maritsa/Meriç/Evros					515	53475	383	Thracian Sea near Alexandroupoli			^[2]
-	-	-		Ergene				281	11016	28	Maritsa near İpsala		^{[note 98]}	^[2]^[184]^[185]
-	-	-		Tundzha				380	8583	32	Maritsa in Edirne
-	-	-		Arda				290	5623	77	Maritsa near Edirne
-	-	-	Veleka					147	995	9.4	Black Sea near Sinemorets
104	-	-	Kamchiya ← Luda Kamchiya					254	5373	26	Black Sea near Varna			^[186]
2	2	2	Danube					2857	801463	6450	Black Sea near Sulina		^{[note 99]}	^[2]^[25]
-	-	-		Prut				953	27820	105	Danube at Giurgiulești		^{[note 100]}	^[187]^[2]
-	-	-			Jijia			275	5757	14	Prut near Huși
-	-	-		Siret				559	45857	240	Danube in Galați		^{[note 101]}	^[2]
-	-	-			Buzău			325	5537	29	Siret near Galați
-	-	-			Bistrița			283	7018	66	Siret near Bacău
-	-	-		Ialomița				417	11116	40	Danube near Hârșova
-	-	-		Argeș				350	12652	73	Danube in Oltenița
-	-	-			Dâmbovița			245	2837	26	Argeș near Budești		^{[note 102]}	^[188]
-	-	-		Yantra				285	7897	47	Danube near Svishtov
-	-	-		Osam				314	2866	16	Danube near Nikopol
-	-	-		Olt				615	24130	174	Danube near Turnu Măgurele
-	-	-		Iskar				368	8511	54	Danube near Gigen
-	-	-		Jiu				339	10157	86	Danube near Bechet
-	-	-		Great Morava ← West Morava ← Ibar				550	37709	232	Danube near Smederevo		^{[note 103]}	^[2]
-	-	-			South Morava			295	15550	100	Great Morava near Kruševac
-	-	-			West Morava			308	15710	120	Great Morava near Kruševac
-	-	-				Ibar		276	7914	60	West Morava in Kraljevo
-	-	-		Timiš/Tamis				359	10495	47	Danube in Pančevo
-	-	-		Sava ← Sava Dolinka				945	94613	1609	Danube in Belgrade		^{[note 104]}	^[2]^[189]^[190]
-	-	-			Drina ← Tara			486	19650	370	Sava near Bijeljina		^{[note 105]}	^[191]^[190]
-	-	-				Lim		220	6797	96	Drina near Višegrad			^[192]
-	-	-			Bosna			271	10490	174	Sava in Bosanski Šamac			^[2]^[191]
-	-	-			Vrbas			235	6501	132	Sava in Srbac			^[191]
-	-	-			Una			214	9657	220	Sava in Jasenovac		^{[note 106]}	^[2]^[190]
-	-	-			Kupa/Kolpa			297	10194	201	Sava in Sisak			^[2]
-	-	-		Tisza ← Someș				1111	154073	863	Danube near Titel		^{[note 107]}	^[2]
-	-	-		Tisza				966	154073	863	Danube near Titel		^{[note 108]}	^[2]
-	-	-			Bega			256	6250	13	Tisza near Titel
-	-	-			Mureș/Maros			789	30190	190	Tisza in Szeged		^{[note 109]}	^[2]
-	-	-				Târnava ← Târnava Mare		249	6236	15	Mureș near Teiuș
-	-	-			Körös ← Crișul Alb			365	27123	100	Tisza near Csongrád
-	-	-			Sajó / Slaná ← Hornád			314	12870	70	Tisza in Tiszaújváros		^{[note 110]}
-	-	-				Hernád / Hornád		286	5414	31	Sajó near Miskolc
-	-	-			Bodrog ← Latorica			255	13579	115	Tisza in Tokaj		^{[note 111]}	^[2]
-	-	-			Szamos / Someș			415	16046	132	Tisza near Vásárosnamény			^[2]
-	-	-		Drava/Drau ← Isel ← Schwarzach [ de; it ]				728	40154	577	Danube near Osijek		^{[note 112]}	^[193]
-	-	-			Mur			453	14108	166	Drava near Legrad			^[193]^[194]^[190]
-	-	-		Sió ← Lake Balaton ← Zala system				330	14890	39	Danube near Szekszárd		^{[note 113]}
-	-	-		Hron				298	5441	54	Danube near Esztergom
-	-	-		Váh				398	19484	194	Danube in Komárno			^[2]
-	-	-		Rába/Raab				311	10401	80	Danube near Győr			^[194]^[2]
-	-	-		Leitha ← Schwarza				258	2138	8.2	Danube near Mosonmagyaróvár		^{[note 114]}	^[194]
-	-	-		Morava ← Thaya ← Austrian Thaya				402	26734	110	Danube in Bratislava-Devin		^{[note 115]}	^[194]^[2]
-	-	-		Morava				352	26734	110	Danube in Bratislava-Devin			^[194]^[2]
-	-	-			Thaya ← Austrian Thaya			311	13419	44	Morava near Hohenau		^{[note 116]}	^[194]
-	-	-		Enns				254	6084	200	Danube in Enns			^[194]
-	-	-		Traun				153	4277	150	Danube in Linz			^[194]
-	-	-		Inn ← Aua da Fedoz				522	26053	735	Danube in Passau			^[195]^[2]
-	-	-			Salzach ← Krimmler Ache			232	6829	252	Inn in Haiming			^[36]
-	-	-		Isar ← Leutascher Ache				295	8962	175	Danube near Deggendorf		^{[note 117]}	^[36]
-	-	-		Lech				264	4125	115	Danube near Donauwörth			^[36]^[2]
-	-	-		Iller ← Breitach ← Turabach				170	2147	70	Danube in Ulm		^{[note 118]}	^[36]
-	-	-	Cogâlnic					243	5388	6.5	Black Sea near Tatarbunary			^[2]
9	23	50	Dniester/Nistru					1362	73158	313	Black Sea near Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi			^[196]^[2]
-	-	-		Răut				286	7761	5.7	Dniester near Dubăsari
-	-	-		Zbruch				247	3365	7	Dniester near Khotyn
27	26	85	Southern Bug					806	63569	160	Dnieper-Bug Estuary near Mykolaiv		^{[note 119]}	^[197]
-	-	-		Inhul				354	9773	8.8	Southern Bug in Mykolayiv			^[198]
-	-	-		Syniukha ← Hnylyi Tikych ← Hirskyi Tikych				283	16640	29	Southern Bug in Pervomaisk			^[199]^[200]
4	3	8	Dnieper					2201	509824	1700	Dnieper-Bug Estuary near Kherson			^[2]^[25]
-	-	-		Inhulets				549	14487	0.3?	Dnieper near Kropyvnytskyi			^[201]
-	-	-		Samara ← Vovcha				421	22734	20	Dnieper near Dnipro		^{[note 120]}
-	-	-		Samara				320	22734	20	Dnieper near Dnipro			^[202]
-	-	-		-	Vovcha			323	13035	5.3	Samara near Pavlohrad			^[203]
-	-	-		Oril				346	10093	13	Dnieper near Dnipro
-	-	-		Vorskla				452	14511	36	Dnieper near Verkhn'odniprovs'k			^[204]
-	-	-		Psel				717	22782	55	Dnieper in Kremenchuk			^[205]
-	-	-			Khorol			308	4039	3.6	Psel			^[206]
-	-	-		Sula ← Uday				447	19218	29	Dnieper near Kremenchuk		^{[note 121]}	^[207]^[208]
-	-	-		Sula				363	19218	29	Dnieper near Kremenchuk			^[207]
-	-	-			Uday			327	6995	9.4	Sula near Lubny			^[208]
-	-	-		Ros				346	12581	27	Dnieper near Kaniv			^[209]
-	-	-		Desna				1130	88490	360	Dnieper in Kyiv			^[210]
-	-	-			Snov			253	8265	24	Desna			^[211]
-	-	-			Seym			748	27895	100	Desna in Sosnytsia			^[212]
-	-	-		Teteriv				385	15213	18	Dnieper near Chernobyl			^[213]
-	-	-		Pripyat ← Horyn				1052	119911	460	Dnieper near Chernobyl		^{[note 122]}	^[2]
-	-	-		Pripyat				761	119911	460	Dnieper near Chernobyl			^[214]^[2]
-	-	-			Uzh			256	8129	25	Pripyat near Chernobyl			^[215]
-	-	-			Ptsich			421	9516	48	Pripyat near Mazyr			^[216]
-	-	-			Ubort			292	5504	23	Pripyat near Pyetrykaw			^[217]
-	-	-			Horyn			659	27065	90	Pripyat near Davyd-Haradok			^[218]
-	-	-				Southern Sluch		451	13675	45	Horyn near Zviahel			^[219]
-	-	-			Styr			494	12999	45	Pripyat near Pinsk			^[220]
-	-	-		Sozh				648	42199	207	Dnieper in Loyew			^[221]
-	-	-			Iput			437	10789	83	Sozh near Gomel			^[222]
-	-	-			Besed			261	5537	28	Sozh			^[223]
-	-	-			Ostyor			274	3382	21	Sozh near Krychaw			^[224]
-	-	-		Berezina				613	24895	145	Dnieper near Rechytsa			^[225]
-	-	-			Svislach			327	5190	30	Berezina near Asipovichy
-	-	-		Drut				295	4952	30	Dnieper in Rahachow			^[226]
101	-	-	Mius					258	7059	12	Sea of Azov near Taganrog			^[2]
5	4	11	Don ← Voronezh ← Polnoy Voronezh					1923	437308	890	Sea of Azov near Azov		^{[note 123]}	^[227]^[25]
-	-	-	Don					1870	437308	890	Sea of Azov near Azov			^[227]^[25]
-	-	-		Manych ← Kalaus ← Bolshoy Yankul				863	49977	16	Don near Rostov-on-Don		^{[note 124]}	^[228]
-	-	-			Yegorlyk			448	14972	38	Manych near Salsk			^[229]
-	-	-		Sal				798	20932	15	Don in Semikarakorsk			^[230]
-	-	-		Donets				1053	98720	159	Don near Semikarakorsk			^[231]^[2]
-	-	-			Kalitva [ de; ru ]			308	10543	?	Donets in Belaya Kalitva			^[232]
-	-	-			Aidar			264	7390	15	Donets near Shchastia			^[233]
-	-	-			Oskil/Oskol			472	14818	44	Donets near Izium			^[234]^[2]
-	-	-		Chir				317	10580	13	Don			^[235]
-	-	-		Ilovlya				358	9377	9.8	Don			^[236]
-	-	-		Medveditsa ← Malaya Medveditsa				748	34914	69	Don near Serafimovitch			^[237]
-	-	-			Tersa [ de; ru ] ← Yelan [ ru ]			326	8807	5.6	Medveditsa		^{[note 125]}	^[238]
-	-	-		Khopyor ← Serdoba [ ru ]				1011	61052	150	Don near Bukanovskaya		^{[note 126]}	^[239]
-	-	-			Buzuluk			314	9465	13	Khopyor			^[240]
-	-	-			Savala			285	7585	20	Khopyor near Novokhopyorsk			^[241]
-	-	-			Vorona ← Chembar			511	13229	42	Khopyor near Borisoglebsk		^{[note 127]}	^[242]
-	-	-		Bityug				379	8818	18	Don near Pavlovsk			^[243]
-	-	-		Voronezh ← Polnoy Voronezh				520	21286	71	Don near Voronezh		^{[note 128]}	^[244]
-	-	-		Bystraya Sosna				296	13012	74	Don near Yelets			^[245]
85	-	-	Yeya					313	9191	2.5	Sea of Azov near Yeysk
95	-	-	Chelbas [ es; ru ]					288	4911	2.4	Sea of Azov near Primorsko-Akhtarsk
24	32	34	Kuban					906	52399	430	Sea of Azov near Temryuk		^{[note 129]}	^[246]^[25]
-	-	-		Pshish ← Bolshoy Pshish				270	1927	25	Kuban near Ryazanskaya		^{[note 130]}	^[247]
-	-	-		Belaya				265	6054	?	Kuban			^[248]
-	-	-		Laba ← Bolshaya Laba				347	12664	96	Kuban in Ust-Labinsk
-	-	-	Kodori					105	2087	144	Black Sea near Adzyubzha
-	-	79	Enguri					213	4052	170	Black Sea in Anaklia		^{[note 131]}	^[246]
81	81	36	Rioni					327	13511	424	Black Sea near Poti		^{[note 132]}	^[246]^[25]
54	55	56	Chorokhi/Çoruh					438	22011	278	Black Sea near Batumi			^[246]^[2]
8	10	30	Kur/Kura/Mtkvari					1364	188378	448	Caspian Sea near Neftçala		^{[note 133]}	^[249]^[2]
-	-	-		Aras/Araks				1072	102000	141	Kura near Sabirabad		^{[note 134]}	^[249]^[2]
-	-	-		Alazani				391	11717	110	Mingachevir reservoir			^[250]^[251]^[2]
-	-	-			Iori			320	4897	15	Mingachevir reservoir near Burunqovaq		^{[note 135]}	^[251]^[2]
-	-	-	Samur					213	6777	75	Caspian Sea near Derbent
71	80	75	Sulak ← Andi Koysu ← Tushetis Alazani					361	14085	176	Caspian Sea near Makhachkala		^{[note 136]}	^[252]^[2]
37	36	51	Terek					623	42927	305	Caspian Sea near Kizlyar			^[253]^[2]
-	-	-		Sunzha				278	12153	85	Terek near Gudermes			^[254]
-	-	-		Malka				210	10163	98	Terek near Prokhladny			^[255]
28	41	-	Kuma					802	33500	11	Caspian Sea near Lagan			^[256]
1	1	1	Volga ← Oka ← Upa ← Uperta					3790	1432506	8087	Caspian Sea near Astrakhan		^{[note 137]}	^[257]^[258]^[25]
-	-	-	Volga ← Kuybyshev Reservoir ← Kama					3771	1432506	8087	Caspian Sea near Astrakhan		^{[note 138]}	^[257]^[260]
-	-	-	Volga					3530	1432506	8087	Caspian Sea near Astrakhan			^[257]
-	-	-		Akhtuba				537	?	153	Volga Delta near Astrakhan		^{[note 139]}	^[261]
-	-	-		Yeruslan				278	6196	?	Volgograd Reservoir near Kamyshin		^{[note 140]}	^[262]
-	-	-		Tereshka				273	9864	18	Volga near Saratov			^[263]
-	-	-		Bolshoy Irgiz ← Bolshaya Glushitsa				679	24010	23	Volga near Volsk		^{[note 141]}	^[264]
-	-	-		Maly Irgiz ← Chernava				262	3916	6.4	Volga		^{[note 142]}	^[265]
-	-	-		Chapayevka/Mocha				298	5126	2.5	Volga near Novokuybyshevsk			^[266]
-	-	-		Samara				594	46454	46	Volga in Samara			^[267]
-	-	-			Bolshoy Kinel			436	14929	34	Samara in Kinel		^{[note 143]}	^[268]
-	-	-			Tok [ de ] - Bitkul			312	5897	13	Samara near Buzuluk		^{[note 144]}	^[269]
-	-	-		Sok				363	11455	33	Volga near Samara			^[270]
-	-	-			Kondurcha			294	4327	9.4	Sok			^[271]
-	-	-		Bolshoy Cheremshan				336	11806	35	Kuybyshev Reservoir near Dimitrovgrad		^{[note 145]}	^[272]
-	-	-		Kama				1967	523324	3800	Kuybyshev Reservoir south of Kazan		^{[note 146]}	^[260]
-	-	-			Sheshma ← Lesnaya Sheshma			268	6196	11	Kama near Starosheshminsk		^{[note 147]}	^[273]
-	-	-			Vyatka ← Belaya			1318	128713	890	Kama near Nizhnekamsk		^{[note 148]}	^[274]
-	-	-				Kilmez ← Ut [ ru ]		295	17160	85	Vyatka near Ust-Kilmez		^{[note 149]}	^[275]
-	-	-				Pizhma		305	14981	90	Vyatka near Sovetsk			^[276]
-	-	-				Moloma ← Palomka		435	12399	48	Vyatka near Kotelnich		^{[note 150]}	^[277]
-	-	-				Cheptsa ← Loza		526	20230	130	Vyatka in Kirovo-Chepetsk		^{[note 151]}	^[278]
-	-	-				Letka		260	3633	21	Vyatka			^[279]
-	-	-				Kobra [ de ]		324	7824	55	Vyatka near Nagorsk			^[280]
-	-	-			Ik			571	17934	46	Kama near Menzelinsk			^[281]
-	-	-			Izh			259	8469	34	Kama			^[282]
-	-	-			Belaya			1430	141609	858	Kama near Neftekamsk			^[283]
-	-	-				Bystry Tanyp		345	7700	45	Belaya			^[284]
-	-	-				Dyoma ← Tyatep		556	13022	35	Belaya in Ufa		^{[note 152]}	^[285]
-	-	-				Ufa ← Ay		931	52747	388	Belaya in Ufa		^{[note 153]}	^[286]
-	-	-				Ufa		918	52747	388	Belaya in Ufa			^[287]
-	-	-					Yuryuzan	404	7850	55	Ufa near Karaidel			^[288]
-	-	-					Ay	549	14825	84	Ufa near Krasnoufimsk			^[289]
-	-	-				Sim ← Inzer [ de; ru ]		313	11629	110	Belaya		^{[note 154]}	^[290]
-	-	-			Chusovaya			592	46812	222	Kama Reservoir near Perm		^{[note 155]}	^[291]
-	-	-				Sylva		493	22188	139	Chusovaya near Perm			^[292]
-	-	-				Usva		266	6125	31	Chusovaya in Chusovoy			^[293]
-	-	-			Kosva ← Typyl			298	7322	90	Kama Reservoir near Perermskoye		^{[note 156]}	^[294]
-	-	-			Inva			257	6304	29	Kama Reservoir near Maykor		^{[note 157]}	^[295]
-	-	-			Yayva			304	6530	88	Kama Reservoir near Berezniki		^{[note 157]}	^[296]
-	-	-			Vishera ← Kolva			494	31286	457	Kama near Solikamsk		^{[note 158]}	^[297]^[298]
-	-	-			Vishera			415	31286	457	Kama near Solikamsk			^[297]
-	-	-				Kolva		460	13311	200	Vishera at Cherdyn, Perm Krai		^{[note 159]}	^[299]
-	-	-				Yazva ← Glukhaya Vilva		272	5855	70	Vishera near Cherdyn		^{[note 160]}	^[300]
-	-	-			Kosa			267	9851	40	Kama near Ust-Kosa			^[301]
-	-	-			Veslyana			266	7253	68	Kama near Ust-Veslyana			^[302]
-	-	-		Sviyaga ← Malaya Sviyaga				379	16944	57	Kuybyshev Reservoir west of Kazan		^{[note 161]}	^[303]
-	-	-		Bolshaya Kokshaga				297	6481	40	Volga near Kokshaysk			^[304]
-	-	-		Vetluga ← Vokhma [ de; ru ]				901	39438	255	Volga near Kozmodemyansk		^{[note 162]}	^[305]
-	-	-			Usta			253	6019	28	Vetluga near Voskresenskoye			^[306]
-	-	-		Sura ← Kadada [ ru ]				867	67240	260	Volga in Vasilsursk		^{[note 163]}	^[307]
-	-	-			Pyana ← Cheka			453	7991	25	Sura near Sergach		^{[note 164]}	^[308]
-	-	-			Alatyr			304	11171	43	Sura at Alatyr		^{[note 165]}	^[309]
-	-	-		Kerzhenets				290	6207	20	Volga near Lyskovo			^[310]
-	-	-		Oka ← Upa ← Uperta				1559	244308	1258	Volga in Nizhny Novgorod		^{[note 166]}	^[258]^[311]
-	-	-		Oka				1504	244308	1258	Volga in Nizhny Novgorod			^[258]
-	-	-			Klyazma			686	42421	147	Oka in Gorbatov			^[312]
-	-	-				Nerl		284	6766	26	Klyazma near Bogolyubovo			^[313]
-	-	-			Tyosha			311	7781	4	Oka near Murom			^[314]
-	-	-			Moksha ← Azyas			660	50379	95	Oka near Yelatma		^{[note 167]}	^[315]
-	-	-				Tsna ← Osinovka		457	21437	46	Moksha near Sasovo		^{[note 168]}	^[316]
-	-	-			Pronya			336	10180	50	Oka near Spassk-Ryazansky			^[317]
-	-	-			Moskva ← Ruza			487	17618	150	Oka in Kolomna		^{[note 169]}	^[318]
-	-	-			Protva			282	4602	25	Oka near Serpukhov			^[319]
-	-	-			Ugra ← Demina [ ru ]			436	15699	90	Oka near Kaluga		^{[note 170]}	^[320]
-	-	-			Upa ← Uperta [ ru ]			356	9529	40	Oka near Suvorov		^{[note 171]}	^[311]
-	-	-		Unzha ← Kema [ ru ]				531	29156	158	Volga near Yuryevets		^{[note 172]}	^[321]
-	-	-			Neya			253	6286	46	Unzha near Makaryev			^[322]
-	-	-		Kostroma				354	19838	85	Gorky Reservoir in Kostroma		^{[note 157]}	^[323]
-	-	-		Sheksna ← Lake Beloye ← Kema				441	21419	172	Rybinsk Reservoir near Rybinsk		^{[note 173]}	^[324]
-	-	-			Suda ← Nozhema [ ru ]			261	13469	134	Rybinsk Reservoir near Cherepovets		^{[note 174]}	^[325]
-	-	-		Mologa				456	30074	172	Rybinsk Reservoir near Rybinsk		^{[note 175]}	^[326]
-	-	-			Chagodoshcha ← Lid [ ru ]			286	9333	58	Mologa near Ustyuzhna		^{[note 176]}	^[327]
-	-	-		Medveditsa				259	6384	41	Volga near Sknyatino			^[328]
36	90	-	Maly Uzen					638	11600	8	Kamysh-Samarskiye Lakes		^{[note 177]}	^[2]
34	73	-	Bolshoy Uzen					650	15795	11	Kamysh-Samarskiye Lakes			^[2]
3	8	37	Ural					2428	210581	400	Caspian Sea in Atyrau			^[329]^[2]
-	-	-		Chagan				264	7530	7.7	Ural in Oral			^[330]
-	-	-		Utva				290	6952	3.8	Ural
-	-	-		Ilek				623	41875	40	Ural near Ilek			^[331]
-	-	-			Bolshaya Khobda [ de ] - Karakhobda			363	14666	14	Ilek		^{[note 178]}	^[332]
-	-	-		Sakmara				798	31040	144	Ural in Orenburg			^[333]
-	-	-			Bolshoy Ik			341	7651	61	Sakmara near Saraktash			^[334]
-	-	-		Or				332	18533	21	Ural near Orsk			^[335]

Rivers of Europe by length

The longest rivers in Europe with their approximate lengths (incomplete list):^[336]^[337]

Volga - 3,690 km (2,290 mi)
Danube - 2,860 km (1,780 mi)
Ural - 2,428 km (1,509 mi)
Dnieper - 2,290 km (1,420 mi)
Don - 1,950 km (1,210 mi)
Pechora - 1,809 km (1,124 mi)
- Kama - 1,805 km (1,122 mi) (the longest left tributary of the Volga and the largest one in discharge)
- Oka - 1,500 km (930 mi) (the longest right tributary of Volga)
- Belaya - 1,430 km (890 mi) (tributary of Kama)
Dniester - 1,352 km (840 mi)
Rhine - 1,236 km (768 mi)
- Desna - 1,130 km (700 mi) (major left tributary of Dnieper)
Elbe - 1,091 km (678 mi)
- Donets - 1,053 km (654 mi) (major right tributary of Don River)
Vistula - 1,047 km (651 mi)
Tagus - 1,038 km (645 mi)
Daugava - 1,020 km (630 mi)
Loire - 1,012 km (629 mi)
- Tisza - 966 km (600 mi) (1,358 km (844 mi) before 1880)^[338] (tributary of the Danube)
Ebro - 960 km (600 mi)
- Prut - 953 km (592 mi) (tributary of the Danube)
Neman - 937 km (582 mi)
- Sava - 933 km (580 mi) (tributary of the Danube)
Meuse - 925 km (575 mi)
Kuban - 906 km (563 mi)
Douro - 897 km (557 mi)
Mezen - 857 km (533 mi)^[339]
Oder - 854 km (531 mi)
Guadiana - 829 km (515 mi)
Rhône - 815 km (506 mi)
Southern Bug - 806 km (501 mi)
Kuma - 802 km (498 mi)
- Warta - 795 km (494 mi) (major tributary of Oder)
Seine - 776 km (482 mi)
Mureș - 761 km (473 mi)
Northern Dvina - 744 km (462 mi)
- Vychegda - 744 km (462 mi) (major left tributary of Northern Dvina)
- Drava - 710^[193] km (440 mi) (tributary of the Danube)
Po - 682 km (424 mi)
Guadalquivir - 657 km (408 mi)
Bolshoy Uzen - 650 km (400 mi)
- Siret - 647 km (402 mi) (tributary of the Danube)
- Maly Uzen - 638 km (396 mi) (tributary of Bolshoy Uzen)
Terek - 623 km (387 mi)
- Olt - 615 km (382 mi) (tributary of the Danube)
- Vashka - 605 km (376 mi) (major tributary of Mezen)
Glomma - 604 km (375 mi)(Norway's longest and most voluminous river)
Garonne - 602 km (374 mi)
- Usa - 565 km (351 mi) (major tributary of Pechora)
Kemijoki - 550 km (340 mi)
- Great Morava - 550 km (340 mi) (tributary of the Danube)
- Moselle 546 km (339 mi)(longest left tributary of Rhine)
- Main 525 km (326 mi) (longest right tributary of Rhine)
Torne - 522 km (324 mi)
Dalälven - 520 km (320 mi)
- Inn 518 km (322 mi)(tributary of the Danube)
Maritsa - 515 km (320 mi)
Marne - 514 km (319 mi) (major tributary of Seine)
Neris - 510 km (320 mi)
Júcar - 509 km (316 mi)
Dordogne - 483 km (300 mi)
- Saône - 480 km (300 mi) (major tributary of Rhône)
Ume - 470 km (290 mi)
-- Mur - 464 km (288 mi) (tributary of Drava)
Ångerman - 460 km (290 mi)
- Klarälven - 460 km (290 mi) (major tributary of the Göta älv)
Lule - 460 km (290 mi)
Doubs - 453 km (281 mi)
Gauja - 452 km (281 mi)
Weser - 452 km (281 mi)
Kalix - 450 km (280 mi)
- Vindel River - 445 km (277 mi) (major tributary of the Ume River)
Ljusnan - 430 km (270 mi)
Indalsälven - 430 km (270 mi)
- Vltava - 430 km (270 mi) (major tributary of the Elbe)
Ponoy - 426 km (265 mi)
Ialomița - 417 km (259 mi)
Onega- 416 km (258 mi)
-- Someș - 415 km (258 mi) (tributary of Tisza)
Struma - 415 km (258 mi)
Adige - 410 km (250 mi)
Skellefte - 410 km (250 mi)
Tiber - 406 km (252 mi)
- Vah - 406 km (252 mi) (tributary of the Danube)
Pite - 400 km (250 mi)
- Faxälven - 399 km (248 mi) (major tributary of the Ångerman)
Vardar - 388 km (241 mi)
Shannon - 386 km (240 mi)
Charente - 381 km (237 mi)
- Iskar - 368 km (229 mi) (tributary of the Danube)
- Tundzha - 365 km (227 mi) (major tributary of Maritsa)
Ems - 362 km (225 mi)
Tana - 361 km (224 mi)
Scheldt - 360 km (220 mi)
- Timiș - 359 km (223 mi) (tributary of the Danube)
- Genil - 358 km (222 mi)
Severn - 354 km (220 mi)
- Morava - 353 km (219 mi) (tributary of the Danube)
Luga - 353 km (219 mi)
- Argeș - 350 km (220 mi) (tributary of the Danube)
Ljungan - 350 km (220 mi)
Minho - 350 km (220 mi)
Venta - 346 km (215 mi)
Thames - 346 km (215 mi)
- Drina - 346 km (215 mi) (major tributary of Sava, Danube)
- Jiu - 339 km (211 mi) (tributary of the Danube)
Drin - 335 km (208 mi)
Segura - 325 km (202 mi)
- Osam - 314 km (195 mi) (tributary of the Danube)
- Arda - 290 km (180 mi) (tributary of Maritsa)
- Yantra - 285 km (177 mi) (tributary of the Danube)
- Bosna - 271 km (168 mi) (major tributary of Sava, Danube)
Kamchiya - 254 km (158 mi)
Mesta - 243 km (151 mi)

Rivers of Europe by discharge

This is an incomplete list of the largest rivers of Europe by discharge:

Volga - 8,087 m³/s (285,600 cu ft/s)
Danube - 6,450 m³/s (228,000 cu ft/s)
Pechora - 4,380 m³/s (155,000 cu ft/s)
- Kama - 3,800 m³/s (130,000 cu ft/s) (the longest left tributary of the Volga and the largest one in discharge)
Northern Dvina - 3,330 m³/s (118,000 cu ft/s)
Neva - 2,490 m³/s (88,000 cu ft/s)
Rhine - 2,315 m³/s (81,800 cu ft/s) (Aare - 560 m³/s (20,000 cu ft/s) as major tributary of the Rhine, even larger than Rhine's contribution of 440 m³/s (16,000 cu ft/s) at their confluence in Koblenz; Waal - 1,500 m³/s (53,000 cu ft/s) as its main distributary)
Rhône - 1,900 m³/s (67,000 cu ft/s)
Dnieper - 1,700 m³/s (60,000 cu ft/s)
- Sava - 1,609 m³/s (56,800 cu ft/s) (tributary of the Danube)
Po - 1,460 m³/s (52,000 cu ft/s) (largest river in Italy)
- Usa - 1,310 m³/s (46,000 cu ft/s) (major tributary of Pechora)
- Oka - 1,258 m³/s (44,400 cu ft/s) (the longest right tributary of the Volga)
- Vychegda - 1,160 m³/s (41,000 cu ft/s) (major left tributary of Northern Dvina)
Vistula - 1,080 m³/s (38,000 cu ft/s)
Don - 890 m³/s (31,000 cu ft/s)
Mezen - 890 m³/s (31,000 cu ft/s)
- Vyatka - 890 m³/s (31,000 cu ft/s) (tributary of the Kama, Volga)
Loire - 889 m³/s (31,400 cu ft/s)
- Tisza - 863 m³/s (30,500 cu ft/s) (tributary of the Danube)
Elbe - 860 m³/s (30,000 cu ft/s)
- Belaya - 858 m³/s (30,300 cu ft/s) (tributary of the Kama, Volga)
- Svir - 790 m³/s (28,000 cu ft/s) (tributary of Neva, through Lake Onega)
- Inn - 735 m³/s (26,000 cu ft/s) (tributary of the Danube)
Douro - 720 m³/s (25,000 cu ft/s) (Most voluminous river in Iberian Peninsula)
Glomma - 709 m³/s (25,000 cu ft/s) (Norway's longest and most voluminous river)
Neman - 678 m³/s (23,900 cu ft/s)
Göta älv - 575 m³/s (20,300 cu ft/s)
Lule älv - 505 m³/s (17,800 cu ft/s)
Ångermanälven - 500 m³/s (18,000 cu ft/s)
Indalsälven - 445 m³/s (15,700 cu ft/s)
Umeälven - 443 m³/s (15,600 cu ft/s)
Kuban River - 430 m³/s (15,000 cu ft/s)
Maritsa - 383 m³/s (13,500 cu ft/s)
Meuse - 357 m³/s (12,600 cu ft/s)
Dniester - 313 m³/s (11,100 cu ft/s)
- Neretva - 240 m³/s (8,500 cu ft/s)
- Una - 240 m³/s (8,500 cu ft/s) (tributary of Sava, which is a tributary of the Danube)
- Great Morava - 232 m³/s (8,200 cu ft/s) (tributary of the Danube)
Vardar - 170 m³/s (6,000 cu ft/s)
- Bosna - 163 m³/s (5,800 cu ft/s) (tributary of Sava, which is a tributary of the Danube)
- Vrbas - 132 m³/s (4,700 cu ft/s) (tributary of Sava, which is a tributary of the Danube)
- Drina - 124 m³/s (4,400 cu ft/s) (tributary of Sava, which is a tributary of the Danube)
- Arda - 77 m³/s (2,700 cu ft/s) (tributary of Maritsa)
Struma - 76 m³/s (2,700 cu ft/s)
- Iskar - 54 m³/s (1,900 cu ft/s) (tributary of the Danube)
- Yantra - 47 m³/s (1,700 cu ft/s) (tributary of the Danube)
Mesta - 45 m³/s (1,600 cu ft/s)
- Tundzha - 32 m³/s (1,100 cu ft/s) (tributary of Maritsa)
Kamchiya - 26 m³/s (920 cu ft/s)

Notes

↑ Countries through which the river flows. Like the tributaries, these are ordered from mouth to source. The river's basin may cover more countries than listed here.
↑ The 32 km Bolhshaya Kara is the longer of the two source rivers of the 257 km Kara proper
↑ The 111 km Syadey-Yu is the longest source river of the 199 km Korotaikha.
↑ Voronya (155 km) drains Lake Lovozero, which is fed by the Kurga (81 km) 15 km across. The systems starting with Maryok [ ru ]-Afanasiya [ ru ] (62 km, with a 30 km crossing) and Tsaga [ ru ] (45 km, with a 48 km crossing) are nearly the same length.
↑ The Lutto (Lotta in Russian; 190 km) flows into Lake Onozero, which, after a 66 km minimal crossing, is drained by Tuloma (64 km).
↑ Karashoka (166 km) and Inarijoki (153 km) join to form the 200 km long Tana River.
↑ Discharge reduced to 95 m3/s since the building of a reservoir
1 2 A single river with different names along its stretch.
↑ The Vltava (431 km) joins the Elbe 833 km above its mouth in the North Sea. The length and catchment area of the river include the estuary until Cuxhaven, where the estuary is 15 km wide, but the nautical channel only 400 m.
↑ The length and catchment area of the Elbe includes the estuary until Cuxhaven, where the estuary is 15 km wide, but the nautical channel only 400 m.
↑ The Spree (382 km) joins the Havel (334 km) 178 km before that reaches the Elbe.
↑ The "Vereinigte Mulde" (124 km) originates from the confluence of the Zwickauer Mulde (166 km) and Freiberger Mulde (124 km).
↑ The Vltava proper (377 km) is formed by the confluence of the Studená (Cold) Vltava (8.3 km) and the Warm Vltava (54.3 km)
↑ The 451 km Weser originates at the confluence of the 300 km Werra and the 220 km Fulda. The Weser and Werra originally had the same name (Wesera). The length and basin area include the Innere Außenweser, a channel through the estuary that is exposed at low tide.
↑ The Leine (281 km) joins the Aller (260 km) 52 km before that reaches the Weser.
↑ The length and catchment area include the river channel through the Dollard and Ems estuary, both mostly dry at low tide, up to Eemshaven.
↑ With Zwarte Meer and Ramsgeul, which lead to the Ketelmeer, the length would be 214 km and the basin 5,867 km2
↑ The Oude IJssel (82 km, same length when starting from the larger Bocholter Aa or smaller Issel source rivers) flows into the 125-km IJssel 19 km below the IJssel's origin from the Nederrijn. The 106 km lower IJssel drains in the Ketelmeer, which is connected to the North Sea via the IJsselmeer and Wadden Sea. The upper IJssel was formed between the 600 and 900 CE as a distributary of the Rhine and provides 75% of the volume.
↑ Basin area excludes the Meuse basin, which could be considered a tributary of the Rhine. The discharge is that for the Rhine just across the border in the Netherlands before it breaks up in its distributaries. The total discharge to the North Sea is considerably higher.
1 2 Distributary branch of the Rhine
↑ The Alme (59 km) flows into the 220 km long Lippe 11 km below Lippe's source.
↑ The Neger (20.5 km from both its Renau and Namenlose tributaries) flows into the Ruhr (219.3 km) 202.5 km before it runs into the Rhine.
↑ 48 km Moselotte flows into the 544 km Moselle 43 km below Moselle's source.
↑ The 63.1 km long Ohm, measured from the source of the Felda tributary, joins the 245.6 km long Lahn 58.7 km below the source of the Lahn
↑ Regnitz (191.1 km from its most distant source) flows into the Main, 133.2 km below its most distant source, and 391.8 km before its mouth.
↑ The White Main (51.7 km) and the longer but smaller Red Main (71.8 km) are the headwaters of the Main (473.2 km). This course has the highest volume at each following junction.
↑ The Pegnitz, for the first 15 km known as Fichtenhohe, joins after 127.3 km with the Rednitz, itself 123.7 km long from its most distant source, to form the Regnitz. After a further 63.7 km the Regnitz flows into the Main.
↑ Until 1904, when the Bergse Maas was created, the Meuse was a tributary of the Rhine. Because of further canalization in 1970 the Meuse could be considered a tributary of the Rhine again. The catchment area and length include the Haringvliet and Hollands Diep estuaries, which are riverine at low tide.
↑ The length of the Scheldt traditionally includes the Westerschelde estuary, which is riverine at low tide . The catchment area includes the complete delta (i.e. including the Oosterschelde), while the discharge is for that near Antwerp. Without the Westerschelde the length would be about 295 km. The source of the Leie may be a few km further upstream than the source of the Scheldt itself.
↑ The traditional length of the Thames is 346 km measured from Thames Head to the very end of the Thames estuary at Foulness Point, past the Medway. The traditional catchment area of 12,935 km2 however is for a region above Gravesend and the Medway catchment area is not considered part of the Thames watershed. As a compromise, the given catchment area and length ends at the Medway (338 from Thames Head). The 25 km Churn joins the newborn Thames 3 km below its source to make the total length 360 km.
↑ The catchment area and length exclude the Humber estuary and the River Don basin (1857 km2), which in 1628 was artificially diverted to Rivers Aire (and eventually Ouse) via the Dutch River, but in 1802 was reconnected to the Trent via the Stainforth and Keadby Canal. Discharge is 89.5 m3/s for 80% of the catchment area.
↑ The catchment area and length exclude the Humber estuary, but the catchment area includes the River Don basin (1857 km2) (see River Trent).
↑ Catchment area and discharge include that of River Earn but exclude the Firth of Tay. It's unclear if the Firth is included in the length.
↑ The 1130 km long Vychegda joins the Northern Dvina 673 km from its mouth in the White Sea.
↑ The Northern Dvina (744 km) originates at the confluence of the Sukhona (558 km) and the Yug (574 km). The Sukhona starts at the small lake Kubenskoye (a ≈15 km course), which is fed by the 368 km Kubena.
↑ The 231 km long Mekhrenga joins the 188 km Yemtsa, 68 km before it reaches the Dvina.
↑ The 477 km Ustya joins the 575 km Vaga 259 km before the Vaga flows into the Dvina.
↑ The 574 km long Luza joins the Yug 35 km before the Yug merges with the Sukhona to form the Northern Dvina.
↑ The name of this river changes from Kubena (368 km) to Sukhona (558 km) after the relatively small Lake Kubenskoye (a ≈15 km crossing).
↑ Vozhega (140 km) runs into Lake Vozhe (<30 km straight crossing inflow to outflow), which is drained by the Svid (64 km), which flows into Lake Lacha (33 km long), where 416 km Onega originates.
↑ The Segezha, 329 km from its most distant source, flows into Lake Vygozero 18 km away from where the Lower Vyg (88 km) drains it.
↑ The 33 km long Umba flows in the 135 km Upper Vyg, 112 km before that flows into Lake Vegozero. This 80 km long lake is drained by the 88 km long Lower Vyg.
↑ Talgiesdegi (48 km) joins Voloma (138 km) 113 km before that flows into Lake Segozero (mean flow 20 m3/s). This lake, crossed in a straight line in 35 km, is drained by the Segezha (59 km), which flows into Lake Vygozero (mean flow 74 m3/s).
↑ Kem (18 km) and Čirka (16 km) form the headwaters of 220 km Čirka-Kem, which, confusingly, joins another much larger river named Kem 7 km below its origin from Kuyto Lake and 184 km before it streams into the White Sea.
↑ Pistojoki (Pista in Russian; 110 km) feeds the ca. 98 km Kuyto Lakes chain, which, on the other side, is drained by the Kem (191 km).
↑ River Kovda, flowing through many large lakes, has a given length of 233 km.^[90] Kovda drains Lake Topozero from the northwest; at the very southeast of the lake, 76 and 79 km via a straight course, the small rivers Karango (16 km) and Kondoya (13 km) run in the lake and form the most distant sources of the river Kovda.
↑ Niva drains Lake Imandra, the longest distance over the complex network of lakes and rivers above it is unclear, though it is over 200 km.
↑ Abiskojokk (40 km) feeds lake Torneträsk, which is drained after a 55 km crossing by the Torne (470 km).
↑ Lake Kilpisjärvi is drained, about 30 km from its headwater's most distant source, by Könkämäeno. The Gobmeatnu tributary, which joins just below the lake, perhaps has a slightly more distant source. Könkämäeno (90 km) and Lätäseno (60 km) join to form Muonio (230 km).
↑ The southeastern end of the lake Rostojávri, some 26 km from its most distant source is drained by the 266 km long Rostoeatnu- Lainio river.
↑ Peranganjoki [ sv ] → Alajoki [ sv ] (together well over 80 km) → Lake Kiantajärvi (50 km crossing) → Emäjoki [ fi; sv ] → Iijärvi →Kiehimänjoki (these three 103 km together) → Oulujärvi (75 km course) → Oulujoki (107 km). The entire system above the lake Oulujärvi is also referred to as Hyrynsalmi.
↑ The length of this system is a rough estimate. The Peranganjoki-Alajoki system (>> 80 km) feeds Kiantajärvi. After a 50 km course, this lake is drained by the 105 km long Emäjoki-Kiehimäjnoki watercourse, which feeds Oulujärvi. The entire system above this lake is also referred to as Hyrynsalmi. After a 75 km course through Oulujärvi, Oulujoki (107 km) takes the water to the Bothnian Bay.
↑ Kokemäenjoki drains Kulovesi, the last of a large chain of lakes. The system starting with Keurusselkä, via Kuorevesi, Ruovesi, Palovesi, Näsijärvi, Tammerkoski, Pyhäjärvi, and Nokianvirta to Kulovesi is the central course, but its total length is tricky to define.
↑ The 204 km Kymi river drains Lake Päijänne, which 120 km further north near Jyväskylä is fed from a network of lakes further north. The sources that feed the lake Koivujärvi are the most distant for Kymi. From there, the shortest route over the so called Rautalammin route [ fi ] (including lakes Pielavesi, Nilakka, Iisvesi, Kiesimä, Konnevesi, Kynsivesi, and Kuusvesi) and via Saraavesi and Leppävesi to Päijänne is 230 km.
↑ The 844 km Volkhov system flows into Lake Ladoga ≈92 km (shortest course) from where the Neva (74 km) drains it.
↑ The 806 km long Pielisjoki system flows into the northeastern end of lake Saimaa. A ≈260 km course through this complex lake leads to the 156 km Vuoksi exit.
↑ Murdoyoki [ ru ] (41 km) → Roukkulanjärvi [ fi; ru ] (27 km) → Omelianjoki [ ru ] (7 km) → Torosozero [ ru ]-Leksozero (44 km) → Sula River [ ru ] (21 km) → Sula lake (7 km) → Lieksanjoki (132 km) → Pielinen Lake (44 km) → Pielisjoki (67 km) → Saimaa. The watershed area is a rough guess.
↑ The 358 km-long Vodla system feeds into Lake Onega. After a 96 km crossing, 224 km-long Svir drains this lake into Lake Ladoga.
↑ Olova (42 km) joins Ileksa (155 km) 135 km before that flows into Lake Vodlozero. After a 32 km direct crossing, this lake is drained by the Vodla (149 km).
↑ The Volkov river (224 km) drains Lake Ilmen from the delta of the 620-km Msta-Tsna system.
↑ Tsna (160 km) flows into Lake Mstino, which after 15 km is drained by 445 km Msta.
↑ The 192 km Oredezh joins the Luga 191 km upstream from the sea
↑ Väike Emajõgi (82 km) feeds the lake Võrtsjärv. After a 35 km crossing, Võrtsjärv is drained by Suur Emajõgi (101 km)
↑ The Pededze (159 km) flows into the Alviekste 22 km below Alviekste's source in Lake Lubāns and 95 km before it drains into the Daugava.
↑ The 264 km long Lyna/Lava joins the Pregolya 72 km before it reaches the sea
↑ The Angrapa (ca 170 km) is the longest source river of the Pregolya (123 km). The 89 km Gołdapa joins the Angrapa ca 100 km before the formation of Pregolya.
↑ HydroBasins data support the 264 km estimate by the Polish source over the 289 km estimate by the Russian source.
↑ The 772 km long Western Bug merges with the Narew and after a further 38 km flows into the Vistula 401 km above that river's discharge in the Baltic Sea. Though shorter, the Vistula has twice as high a volume at the meeting point.
↑ The commonly quoted 194,424 km2 catchment area probably includes coastal waters.
↑ The 772 km Bug joins the Narew 38 km before its confluence with the Vistula. The 38 km joined stretch used to be and locally still is known as Bugo-Narew.
↑ Hydrologically and historically, the Narew is a tributary of the Bug, but by a decree of the Polish regime in 1962 the roles were reversed.
↑ The 808 km Warta joins the 854 km Oder 237 km above the Oder's mouth.
↑ Canalization reduced the length of the Oder from ca 1040 km to the current 854 km.
↑ A 102 km long estuary is excluded from the length and catchment area; this estuary has a basin of 15,700-16,800 km2.
↑ The Three Sisters are the rivers Suir (184 km), Barrow (192 km) and Nore (140 km). Nore flows into Barrow, which 20 km later joins the Suir to form the estuary named Waterford Harbour
↑ Length and catchment area include the Mersey estuary, which constricts to 1 km width before entering the Irish Sea. River Mersey originates at the confluence of the 30 mile (ca 48 km) long River Tame and River Goyt
↑ The 516 km long Marne flows into the larger Seine 361 km before it drains in the English Channel.
↑ Seine's catchment area (75,374 km2)^[139] excludes the Crique de Rouen estuary; this would add another ≈2800 km2, including the Risle river basin
↑ The Aire (125 km) flows into the larger Aisne (356 km) 121 km below its source. The Aisne joins the smaller Oise about 94 km before it drains in the Seine.
↑ The Loir (317.4 km) flows in the Sarthe (314 km). 9.2 km later the Sarthe joins the Mayenne to form the short Maine river, which flows into the Loire after just 11.5 km.
↑ The 380 km Tarn flows into the Garonne about 230 km before it meets the ocean. As both its volume and catchment area are larger, the Tarn is hydrologically the upper part of the Garonne river.
↑ Starting from the Ruda-Garona, the longest headwater of the Garonne. Length (54 km in Spain, 521 km in France) and catchment area exclude the Gironde estuary.
↑ The 226 km Sil flows into the Minho about 135 km above the Minho reaches the ocean.
↑ The commonly given 80,000+ km2 for the drainage area includes the 7740 km2 basin of the Sorraia, here treated as a primary river.
↑ The 167 km Záncara joins the 155 km Cigüela (or Gigüela) and the 76 km Guadiana Alto in a trifurcation some 755 km before the Guadiana reaches the ocean. On some maps, the following 77 km are still called Cigüela. See the Spanish Guadiana article on the confusion in this river system.
↑ The Guadiana Alto/Viejo source river is 76 km long.
↑ Hydrologically the Guardiana Menor and its longest source river the Guardal (a.k.a. Barbata) form the true upper course of the Guadalquivir, which has a nominal length of 657 km. Barbata/Guardal - Guardiana Menor (206 km) meets the nominal Guadalquivir 138 km below its source.
↑ The 453 km long Doubs joins the upper Saône to form the 171 km long Grand Saône, which flows into the Rhône 333 km above its mouth in the Mediterranean.
↑ The furthest headstream of the Arno could be considered the 19th-century, 62 km Canale Maestro della Chiana [ fr; it ] that drains part of Valdichiana into the Arno about 30 km below its source for a total length of over 270 km. 306 km2 has been subtracted from the HydroBasins area for the endorheic Lake Trasimeno.
↑ The Tanaro (285 km including its Negrone source river) joins the Po 234 km below its source. A competing longest stretch is 691 km starting from the Maira. (see Po (river) for references and discussion)
↑ The 9 km Negrino is the longer source stream of the 276 km Tanaro.
↑ Hydrologically, this is one river with the upper courses of the Rienz, Eisack and Adige/Etsch as tributaries, as it forms the longest course and has the largest discharge at each junction. The ca 130 km long Ahr->Rienz->Eisack originating under the Dreiherrnspitze joins the 409 km long Adige/Etch 103 km below the latter's nominal source.
↑ The 17 km long Karlinbach, originating under the Weißkugel, flows into the Reschensee, about 5 km below the official source under the Reschen Pass of the 409 km long Adige/Etsch.
↑ The Trebišnjica enters the Hutovo Blato marshland in Bosnia through a complex underground karst system. From here a portion of its waters continues the 9 km long Krupa to join the Neretva. Other portions appear as outlets on the coast, e.g. in Neum in Bosnia, in Slano and most significantly near Dubrovnik in Croatia as the 30 m short Ombla river into the Rijeka Dubrovačka ria.
↑ The Drin (343 km from its most distant source) drains partly in the Adriatic, but the main channel, called Drinasa, joins the 44 km Bojana 3 km after that emerges from Lake Skadar.
↑ The Sateska (38 km) flows into the Black Drin (149 km) less than 4 km after Black Drin's emergence from Lake Ohrid. Black Drin meets White Drin 145 km later to form the Drin proper (160 km). The drainage area (but not the length) includes the 1394 km2 Lake Prespa basin, which drains underground through very porous karst mountains into Lake Ohrid.
↑ The 132 km long Treska flows into the Vardar about 261 km above its mouth in the Aegean Sea.
↑ The often-mentioned 17,323 km2 drainage area is much too large, as the total area drained by the Meriç (including Ergene) in Turkey is only 14,560 km2.
↑ Including the 46 km Breg headstream
↑ The most distant source for the Prut may be via the 167 km Cheremosh tributary.
↑ Siret length estimates range from 559 km to 726 km. The shorter length is supported by HydroBasins data.
↑ The 237 km-long Dâmbovița forms at the confluence of 8 km Valea Vladului and 6.5 km Valea Otic .
↑ Hydrologically, this is a single river, as it follows at both junctions the river with the greatest length, drainage area and average discharge. The Great Morava (185 km) is formed by the merger of the West and South Morava. The 276 km Ibar joins the West Morava 89 km before it becomes the Great Morava.
↑ Drainage area is hard to estimate due to the connectivity of the karst system. The most detailed level of HydroBasins data gives a lower drainage area (87197 km2) as it excludes local basins connected as such.
↑ The 140 km Tara is the larger and longer of the two source rivers of the 346 km Drina. The most detailed level of HydroBasins data gives a lower drainage area (18820 km2) as it excludes local basins connected underground via the karst system.
↑ Drainage area is hard to estimate due to the connectivity of the karst system. The most detailed level of HydroBasins data gives a lower drainage area (8076 km2) as it excludes local basins connected underground as such.
↑ The 415 km Someș joins the Tisza 696 km before its mouth in the Danube.^[2] The average discharge is that measured at Szeged, which is higher than at places downstream.
↑ The Tisza used to be 1,419 km long, but through canalization between 1846 and 1880 was reduced to its current length of 966 km. The average discharge is for that at Szeged, where it is higher than at places downstream.
↑ Average discharge as measured at Arad, where it is higher than at places downstream.
↑ The 286 km Hornád river joins the 229 km Sajó 32 km before the latter streams into the Tisza.
↑ Latorica (188 km) and Ondava (147 km) join to form the Bodrog (67 km)
↑ At the junction 47 km from its nominal source, the upper Drau is in every hydrological aspect a tributary of the Isel. The longer Isel, 65 km from the Schwarzach source under the Rötspitze, continues straight, is on average almost 3x larger in volume, and drains twice as large a basin. Below the junction the Drau/Drava is 663 km long.
↑ Zala (139 km) is the longest and primary inflow of Lake Balaton. 70 km across, Balaton is drained by the 121 km Sió, a water course created in the 3rd century CE.
↑ The 78 km Schwarza is the longest source river of the 180 km Leitha.
↑ The 311 km Thaya flows into the Morava 91 km before it joins the Danube
↑ The Austrian a.k.a. German Thaya (76 km) joins the Moravian Thaya (68 km) to form Thaya proper (235 km). The catchment area of 12,772 km2 given in the source^[194] accidentally excludes the Kyjovka tributary.
↑ Leutascher Ache (30 km) joins the Isar (291.5 km) 26.1 km below its source.
↑ The Breitach (24.3 km from Turabach source) joins with the Trettach (15.6 km) to form the Iller (146 km).
↑ The Southern Bug is 857 km long when including its liman; the given drainage area does include the Inhul, which empties in this liman.
↑ Vovcha (323 km) joins the Samara 222 km below its source and 98 km before their discharge in the Dnieper.
↑ 327 km Uday flows into the Sula (363 km) about 120 km above Sula merges into the Dnieper.
↑ The 659 km Horyn joins the Pripyat 395 km above its confluence with the Dnieper
↑ The 520 km Voronezh (starting from the Polnoy Voronezh source) flows into the Don 1403 above its mouth in the Sea of Azov
↑ Kalaus (436 km) is the upstream section of Manych (nominally 420 km); Kalaus used to split up into the (West) Manych and East Kanych, but the east branch has been dammed off. The 78 km long Yankul joins the Kalaus 365 km before it changes its name to Manych.
↑ The 218 km long Yelan joins the 249 km Tersa 108 km before Tersa flows into the Medveditsa
↑ The Serdoba (160 km) joins the Khopyor (979 km) 128 km after Khopyor's source
↑ The Chembar (119 km including the upper Chembar) joins the Vorona (454 km) 392 km before the Vorona flows into the Khopyor.
↑ The 178 km Polnoy Voronezh joins the 164 km Lesnoy Voronezh to form the 342 km Voronezh proper
↑ Length includes the Ullukam source river, which at its confluence with Uchkulan forms the Kuban.
↑ The 22 km Bolshoy Pshish is the longer source river of the 258 km Pshish proper
↑ The discharge below the reservoir is reduced to 40 m3/s
↑ Discharge is that for the north and south arm of the delta combined.
↑ Many other sources, e.g. , give a 1515 km length, but this is not supported by the HydroBasins data.
↑ Many other sources, e.g. , give a 1264 km length, but this is not supported by the HydroBasins data. The combined length of the Araks-lower Kura system is nearly as long as the Kura itself.
↑ The discharge is for the middle part of the river; at the mouth it is only 9.8 m3/s due to agricultural use and divergence of water towards the Tbilisi reservoir. Before the completion of the Mingachevir reservoir it was a tributary of the Alazani.
↑ In Georgia, the Pirikiti Alazani (44 km) and Tushetis Alazani (48 km) form the Andi Koysu, which 144 km later joins the Avar Koysu (178 km) to form the 169 km long Sulak River.
↑ The Oka River, 1559 km starting from the Uperta source river, joins the Volga 1299 km below its source and 2231 km before its discharge in the Caspian Sea.
↑ The 1967 km Kama (1805 km river and 162 km fairway through a full Kuybyshev Reservoir) joins the Volga 1804 km above the mouth. The Kama has a nearly identical mean discharge and length as the Volga (it may have been significantly longer before the reservoirs were created),^[259] while unlike the Volga it doesn't change direction at the meeting point, so that hydrologically the Volga could be considered a tributary of the Kama.
↑ Akhtuba is a distributary of Volga that flows parallel to it, joining at multiple places.
↑ Before the filling of the Volgograd Reservoir in 1961, the Yeruslan was at least 400 km long and had a catchment area of more than 12,000 km2.
↑ Bolshaya Glushitsa (65 km) joins Bolshoy Irgiz (675 km) 61 km below its source
↑ Chernava (75 km) joins Maly Irgiz (235 km) 48km below its source.
↑ Includes the 14 km Su-Elga source stream
↑ Bitkul (34 km) joins Tok (306 km) 28 km below its source.
↑ Before the filling of the Kuybyshev Reservoir in 1957, the Cheremshan was at least 440 km long and had a catchment area of more than 15,300 km2.
↑ The catchment area and length include the Kama-derived part of the Kuybyshev Reservoir. At full capacity, the reservoir extends to the junction with the Vyatka, shortening Kama as a river to 1805 km. Before the creation of the four large reservoirs in its course, the Kama was 2030 km long up to the junction with the Volga.^[259]
↑ 56 km Lesnaya Sheshma joins 259 km Sheshma proper 47 km below Sheshma's source
↑ The 96 km Belaya source river joins the 1314 km Vyatka 92 km below Vyatka's source.
↑ 107 km Ut joins the 270 km Kilmez 188 km before Kilmez flows into Vyatka
↑ Palomka (44 km) joins the Moloma (419 km) 28 km below Moloma's source
↑ 127 km Loza joins the 501 km Cheptsa 102 km below Cheptsa's source
↑ The 91 km Tyatep joins the 535 km Dyoma 70 km below Dyoma's source.
↑ The 549 km long Ay joins the Ufa 382 km before that flows in to the Belaya.
↑ The 307 km Inzer joins the 239 km Sim just 6 km before that flows into the Belaya. Before their junction, Sim's discharge is >48 m3/s and Inzer's is 51 to 67 m3/s, but the 6 km joined stretch is named Sim.
↑ Includes the catchment area of the Sylva tributary. Since the building of the Kama Hydroelectric Station both rivers now feed into an arm of the Kama Reservoir.
↑ Typyl (68 km) joins Kosva (238 km), 53 km below the source of the Kosva.
1 2 3 Drainage area but not the length includes the reservoir arm derived from the river.
↑ Kolva (460 km) joins the Vishera (415 km) just 34 km before the Vishera streams into the Kama.
↑ Discharge unknown; calculated from the fraction of the Vishera basin comprised by the Kolva basin.
↑ The 234 km Glukhaya Vilva joins the 176 km Yazva 38 km before that flows into the Vishera.
↑ The 41 km Malaya Sviyaga joins the 375 km Sviyaga 37 km after the latter's source.
↑ The 219 km Vokhma joins the 889 km Vetluga, 207 km below Veluga's source
↑ The Kadada (153 km from its Tahtala source) joins the 841 km Sura 137 km below the source of the Sura itself.
↑ The 70 km Cheka joins the 436 km Pyana 53 km below its source.
↑ The 168 km Cheka joins the 296 km Alatyr 160 km below the source of the Alatyr itself.
↑ The 63 km long Uperta joins the 345 km Upa 52 km below its source. Upa then flows into the 1504 km-long Oka 1203 km before the Oka joins the Volga.
↑ Azyas (40 km) joins Moksha (656 km) 36 km below Moksha's source
↑ Osinovka (37 km) joins Tsna (451 km) 31 km below Tsna's source.
↑ The 145 km Ruza joins the 473 km long Moskva 342 km before the Moskva flows into the Oka. Before canalization, the Moskva itself was 502 km long
↑ The 64 km Demina joins the 399 km Ugra 27 km below its source.
↑ The 63 km Uperta joins the 345 km Upa 293 km before that joins the Oka.
↑ The 426 km long Unzha originates at the confluence of the 105 km long Kema and 89 km long Lyndonga rivers.
↑ The Sheksna was about 700 km long and had a catchment area of ca 39,000 km2 before the creation of the Rybinsk Reservoir in 1947.
↑ The 184 km long Suda originates from the confluence of the Noshema (77 km) and the Koloshma (68 km)
↑ The Mologa was about 700 km long and had a catchment area of over 37,000 km2 before the creation of the Rybinsk Reservoir in 1947.
↑ The 146 km long Lid joins the 242 km Chagodoshcha 140 km before it flows into the Mologa.
↑ The average discharge is measured at stations in the upper part of the river.
↑ Discharge unknown; calculated from the fraction of the Ilek basin comprised by the Khobda basin.

References

SWRR = State Water Register of Russia; GSE = Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969–1978 edition; IEU = Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine.

↑ Planul de management al spațiului hidrografic Siret, Administrația Națională Apele Române
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 United Nations. Economic Commission for Europe, Our Waters: Joining Hands Across Borders : First Assessment of Transboundary Rivers, Lakes and Groundwaters ^{[ permanent dead link ]}, United Nations Publications, 2007] and "ECE Second Assessment" (PDF). Economic Commission for Europe. (note: large pdf file)
↑ HydroBASINS at the HydroSHEDs website
↑ "Kara". SWRR.
↑ "Korotaikha". SWRR.
↑ "Pechora". SWRR.
↑ "Pechora At Oksino". R-ArcticNet.
↑ "Sula (Pechora)". SWRR.
↑ "Shapkina". SWRR.
↑ "Tsilma". SWRR.
↑ "Pizhma (Komi Republic)". SWRR.
↑ "Izhma". SWRR.
↑ "Izhma At Izhma". R-ArcticNet.
↑ "Laya". SWRR.
↑ "Usa (Komi Republic)". SWRR.
↑ "Kolva (Usa)". SWRR.
↑ "Adzva". SWRR.
↑ "Kosyu". SWRR.
↑ "Bolshaya Rogovaya". SWRR.
↑ "Shchugor". SWRR.
↑ "Ilych". SWRR.
↑ "Voronya"., "Lake Lovozero". and "Kurga". SWRR.
↑ "Tuloma". SWRR.
↑ "Patso-Yoky At GES Rayakosky". R-ArcticNet.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Nilsson, Reidy, Dynesius and Revenga (2005). "Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River Systems" (PDF). Science. 308 (5720): 405–408. Bibcode:2005Sci...308..405N. doi:10.1126/science.1107887. PMID 15831757. S2CID 34820022. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-30. Retrieved 2017-11-21.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Provides the "Virgin mean annual discharge[, which] refers to the most water-rich river channel section, in most cases close to the estuary, before any significant direct human manipulation" for a number of primary rivers.
1 2 3 4 5 "Icelandic Statistics". National Land Survey of Iceland. Archived from the original on 2016-09-13. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
1 2 3 "Län och huvudavrinnings- områden i Sverige" (PDF). Sveriges meteorologiska och hydrologiska institut. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-09-28. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
↑ Jacobus Hofstede. "Elbe Estuary" (PDF). Eurosion.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Michael Bergemann (2015). "Gesamtliste der Fließgewässer im Elbeeinzugsgebiet" (PDF). Behörde für Umwelt und Energie. (802 kb PDF)
1 2 3 4 5 6 Flusssystem der Weser (German wikipedia article with many official sources)^{[ circular reference ]}
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Riverine Inputs and Direct Discharges to Convention Waters"., OSPAR Contracting Parties’ RID 2011 Data Report. Long-Term Average discharge (in 1000m3/day) and some catchment area data are in Annex 5, pp 68-76 (PDF file)
1 2 3 4 Basin area from Nordrhein-Westfalen Flussgebietsverzeichnis (MS Excel; 2,3 MB)
↑ Hydrological trends IJsselmeer (in Dutch)
↑ Beheersgebied Oude Ijssel Archived 2022-05-24 at the Wayback Machine (in Dutch)
1 2 3 See the references in the German wikipedia article de:Flusssystem der Mosel ^{[ circular reference ]}
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Bach- und Flussgebiete in Bayern". Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt.
↑ See the references in the German wikipedia article de:Flusssystem des Neckar ^{[ circular reference ]}
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Ill (A---0030)".
1 2 3 "Hydrological Atlas of Switzerland - Characteristics of Basins". 1992.
↑ H.E.J. Berger, A.L. Mugie, Hydrologische systeembeschrijving Maas, Den Haag 1994
1 2 3 "International Scheldt river basin district" (PDF).
↑ References in nl:Stroomgebied van de Schelde ^{[ circular reference ]}
↑ Bailey, David (15 May 2012). "Could the River Thames be longer than the River Severn?". BBC News.
↑ Discharge extrapolated from Ely Ouse at Denver Complex gauging station.
↑ Trent at North Muskham gaugin station
↑ Discharge extrapolated from Aire at Beal Weir, Ouse at Skelton, Derwent at Stamford Bridge, and Wharfe at Tadcaster gauge stations
↑ "Tweed Forum Catchment Facts". Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
↑ Discharge extrapolated from Tweed at Norham and Whiteadder Water at Hutton Castle gauging stations.
↑ Discharge extrapolated from Tay at Ballathie, Earn at Forteviot Bridge, and Almond at Almondbank gauging stations.
↑ Spey at Boat o Brig gauging station
↑ "Mezen". SWRR.
↑ "Pyoza". SWRR.
↑ "Peza At Igumnovo". R-ArcticNet. (at 80% of drainage area)
↑ "Vashka". SWRR.
↑ "Kuloy (White Sea)". SWRR.
1 2 "Northern Dvina". SWRR.
↑ "Pinega". SWRR.
↑ "Yula". SWRR.
↑ "Yemtsa". SWRR.
↑ "Vaga". and "Ustya". SWRR.
↑ "Vaga". SWRR.
↑ "Ustya". SWRR.
↑ "Kokshenga". SWRR.
↑ "Vychegda". SWRR.
↑ "Viled". SWRR.
↑ "Yarenga". SWRR.
↑ "Vym". SWRR.
↑ "Yolva". SWRR.
↑ "Yelva At Meshura". R-ArcticNet.
↑ "Sysola". SWRR.
↑ "Susola At Pervomaisky". R-ArcticNet.
↑ "Lokchim". SWRR.
↑ "Vishera (Komi Republic)". SWRR.
↑ "Nem". SWRR.
↑ "Yug". and "Luza". SWRR.
↑ "Yug". SWRR.
↑ "Yug At Gavrino". R-ArcticNet.
↑ "Luza". SWRR.
↑ "Sukhona". SWRR.
↑ "Onega"., "Svid". and "Vozhega". SWRR.
↑ "Onega At Porog". R-ArcticNet.
↑ "Onega". SWRR.
↑ "Voloshka". SWRR.
↑ "Lower Vyg".
↑ "Nyzhny Vig (Soroka) At Vigostrov". R-ArcticNet.
↑ "Lower Vyg". and "Upper Vyg". SWRR.
↑ "Segezha". and "Voloma". SWRR.
↑ "Kem". and "Čirka-Kem". SWRR.
↑ "Kem". and "Pista". SWRR.
1 2 "Kovda". SWRR.
↑ "Valasreka". SWRR.
↑ "Niva". SWRR.
↑ "Varzuga". SWRR.
↑ "Ponoy". SWRR.
↑ "Ponoy At Ponoy". R-ArcticNet.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 "Statistik om älvar". Archived from the original on 2007-03-11.
↑ "Hydropower Hotspots in the Baltic Sea Catchment Area" (PDF). Coalition Clean Baltic. March 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-08-07. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
1 2 "Neva". SWRR.
↑ "Vuoksi". SWRR.
↑ "Svir".
↑ "Oyat". SWRR.
↑ "Shuya (Karelia)". SWRR.
↑ "Suna". SWRR.
↑ "Vodla"., "Ileksa". SWRR. and "Олова". SWRR.
↑ "Syas". SWRR.
↑ "Volkhov". SWRR.
↑ "Msta". and "Tsna". SWRR.
↑ "Pola". SWRR.
↑ "Lovat". SWRR.
↑ "Shelon". SWRR.
↑ "Luga". and "Oredezh". SWRR.
↑ "Luga". SWRR.
↑ "Plyussa". SWRR.
↑ "Velikaya". SWRR.
↑ "Эмайыги". GSE.
↑ "River Pärnu, Estonia" (PDF). Partnership for European Environmental Research. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-25. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
↑ Alviekste basin (in Latvian)
↑ "Pregolya". and "Lava". SWRR.
↑ "Pregolya". and "Angrapa". SWRR.
↑ "Łyna". Rzeki Polski.
↑ "Laba". SWRR.
1 2 "Vistula". Rzeki Polski.
↑ "Wkra". Rzeki Polski.
↑ "Narew". Rzeki Polski.
↑ "Western Bug". Rzeki Polski.
↑ "Pilica". Rzeki Polski.
↑ "Wieprz". Rzeki Polski. & mean flow of Wieprz
↑ "San". Rzeki Polski.
↑ "Dunajec". Rzeki Polski.
1 2 Piotr Kowalczak (2006). "Flood Risk Management in the Odra Basin" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
↑ "Noteć". Rzeki Polski.
↑ "Transnational Pilot River Basin: Lusatian Neisse" (PDF).
↑ "Bóbr". Rzeki Polski.
↑ Discharge extrapolated from Clyde at Daldowie, Kelvin at Killermont, White Cart Water at Hawkhead, and Black Cart Water at Milliken Park gauge stations
↑ South Eastern River Basin District Management System Physical Description Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
↑ "The Mersey Gateway Project - Hydrodynamics and Estuarine Processes" (PDF).
↑ "Wye". UK Environmental Change Network. Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
↑ Discharge extrapolated from Severn at Haw Bridge, Leadon at Wedderburn Bridge, and Frome at Ebley Mill gauge stations
1 2 3 Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Seine (----0010)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Eure (H4--0200)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Oise (H---0100)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - L'Aisne (H1--0200)". and Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - L'Aire (H11-0400)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Marne (F---0100)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Yonne (F3--0200)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Aube (F1--0200)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Vilaine (J---0060)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Loire (----0000)".
↑ "La Loire à Saint-Nazaire". Archived from the original on 2021-12-26. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Maine (M4--0190)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Mayenne (M---0090)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Sarthe (M---0060)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Loir (M1--0160)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Vienne (L---0060)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Creuse (L---0070)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Indre (K7--0260)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Cher (K---0090)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Allier (K---0080)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Charente (R---0000)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Dordogne (P---0000)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Isle (P---0150)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Vézère (P---0100)".
1 2 Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Garonne (O---0000)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Lot (O---0150)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Tarn (O---0100)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Aveyron (O5--0250)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Ariège (O1--0250)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Adour (Q---0000)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Gave de Pau (Q---0100)".
↑ "Tagus Watershed". Rivers Network. Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
1 2 "Ríos y Arroyos importantes". Confederacion Hidrografica del Guadiana.
↑ Delgado, F., Raya, E. y Nania, L. (2015): Determinación del cauce principal de un río mediante herramientas SIG y análisis multicriterio: aplicación al río Guadalquivir. En Simposio del Agua en Andalucía (SIAGA). Málaga.
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Aude (Y1--0200)".
↑ "Rhône Watershed". Rivers Network. Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Rhône (V---0000)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Durance (X---0000)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Isère (W---0000)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Saône (U---0000)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Doubs (U2--0200)".
↑ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - Ain (V2--0200)".
↑ "Po Watershed". Rivers Network. Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
1 2 "Zustand der Südtiroler Fließgewässer" (PDF). Südtiroler Landesverwaltung.
1 2 3 "The coastline of Albania : morphology, evolution and coastal management issues" (PDF). ciesm.org. p. 8.
↑ Georgi Zhelezov, Sustainable Development in Mountain Regions: Southeastern Europe, Springer, 2015
↑ "Maritsa Watershed". Rivers Network. Archived from the original on 2018-05-28. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
↑ "Ergene river basin protection plan" (PDF). Turkish Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs.
↑ Biogeography and Ecology of Bulgaria. Springer Science & Business Media. 2007. ISBN 9781402044175.
↑ "Prut". IEU.
↑ "Ecological state assessment of the Upper Dambovita River basin" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2017-11-24.
↑ Danube Basin station Sremska Mitrovica
1 2 3 4 "Danube Watershed". Rivers Network. Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
1 2 3 "Sava River Basin Flood Study: HEC-HMS Technical Documentation Report" (PDF). 2017.
↑ "Serbian part of the Sava river basin" (PDF).
1 2 3 Joint Drava River Corridor Analysis Report Archived 2016-06-10 at the Wayback Machine , 27 November 2014
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Das Flächenverzeichnis - die Ordnung unserer Gewässer". Bundesministerium für Land - und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft.
↑ "Der Inn und sein Einzugsgebiet" (PDF).
↑ "Dniester". IEU.
↑ "Southern Bug". IEU.
↑ "Inhul". IEU.
↑ "Synyukha". IEU.
↑ "Synyukha". GSE.
↑ "Inhulets". GSE.
↑ "Samara". GSE.
↑ "Vovcha". GSE.
↑ "Vorskla". IEU.
↑ "Psel". IEU.
↑ "Khorol". IEU.
1 2 "Sula". IEU. & "Сула (река, приток Днепра)". GSE.
1 2 "Udai". IEU. & "Удай)". GSE.
↑ "Ros". IEU.
↑ "Desna". IEU.
↑ "Snov". GSE.
↑ "Seim". IEU.
↑ "Teteriv". IEU.
↑ "Pripyat". GSE.
↑ "Uzh". IEU.
↑ "Ptsich". GSE.
↑ "Ubort". GSE.
↑ "Horyn". IEU.
↑ "Southern Sluch". IEU. Archived from the original on 2019-09-28. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
↑ "Styr". GSE.
↑ "Sozh". GSE.
↑ "Iput". GSE.
↑ "Besed". GSE.
↑ "Ostyor". GSE.
↑ "Berezina". GSE.
↑ "Drut". GSE.
1 2 "Don". SWRR.
↑ "Manych". and "Kalaus". SWRR.
↑ "Yegorlyk". SWRR.
↑ "Sal (Russia)". SWRR.
↑ "Donets". SWRR.
↑ "Kalitva". SWRR.
↑ "Aidar". SWRR.
↑ "Oskol". SWRR.
↑ "Chir". SWRR.
↑ "Ilovlya". SWRR.
↑ "Medveditsa (Don basin)". SWRR.
↑ "Tersa (Medveditsa)". SWRR.
↑ "Khopyor". and "Serdoba". SWRR.
↑ "Buzuluk (Volgograd Oblast)". SWRR.
↑ "Savala". SWRR.
↑ "Vorona (Russia)". and "Chembar". SWRR.
↑ "Bityug". SWRR.
↑ "Voronezh". SWRR.
↑ "Bystraya Sosna". SWRR.
1 2 3 4 Shalva Jaoshvili. "The rivers of the Black Sea" (PDF). European Environment Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-08-07. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
↑ "Pshish". SWRR.
↑ "Belaya (Kuban)". SWRR.
1 2 "Water quality in the Kura-Ara basin". UNDP. 2006. Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
↑ "Alazani/Ganikh River Basin" (PDF). Swedish Royal Institute of Technology.
1 2 Rapid Assessment of the Rioni and Alazani-Iori River Basins of Georgia, 2011
↑ "Sulak". SWRR.
↑ "Terek". SWRR.
↑ "Sunzha". SWRR.
↑ "Malka". SWRR.
↑ "Kuma (Russia)". SWRR.
1 2 3 "Volga". SWRR.
Volgograd gauging station data Archived 2011-11-12 at the Wayback Machine
1 2 3 "Oka". SWRR.
1 2 Rivers of Europe, p. 61
1 2 "Kama". SWRR.
↑ "Akhtuba (river)". SWRR.
↑ "Yeruslan". SWRR.
↑ "Tereshka". SWRR.
↑ "Bolshoy Irgiz". SWRR.
↑ "Maly Irgiz". and "ЧЕРНАВА". SWRR.
↑ "Chapayevka". SWRR.
↑ "Samara". SWRR.
↑ "Bolshoy Kinel". SWRR.
↑ "Tok". and "Bitkul". SWRR.
↑ "Sok". SWRR.
↑ "Kondurcha". SWRR.
↑ "Bolshoy Cheremshan". SWRR.
↑ "Sheshma". and "Lesnaya Sheshma". SWRR.
↑ "Vyatka". SWRR.
↑ "Kilmez". and "Ut River". SWRR.
↑ "Pizhma (Vyatka basin)". SWRR.
↑ "Moloma". SWRR.
↑ "Чепца". and "Лоза". SWRR.
↑ "Letka". SWRR.
↑ "Kobra (Viatka)". SWRR.
↑ "Ik". SWRR.
↑ "Izh". SWRR.
↑ "Belaya". SWRR.
↑ "Bystry Tanyp". SWRR.
↑ "Dyoma". SWRR.
↑ "Ufa". and "Ay River". SWRR.
↑ "Ufa". SWRR.
↑ "Yuryuzan". SWRR.
↑ "Ay". SWRR.
↑ "Sim". and "Inzer". SWRR.
↑ "Chusovaya". SWRR.
↑ "Sylva". SWRR.
↑ "Usva". SWRR.
↑ "Kosva". and "Typyl". SWRR.
↑ "Inva". SWRR.
↑ "Yayva". SWRR.
1 2 "Vishera (Perm Krai)". SWRR.
↑ "Kolva". SWRR.
↑ "Kolva (Perm Krai)". SWRR.
↑ "Yazva". and "Glukhaya Vilva". SWRR.
↑ "Kosa". SWRR.
↑ "Veslyana". SWRR.
↑ "Sviyaga". SWRR.
↑ "Bolshaya Kokshaga". SWRR.
↑ "Vetluga". SWRR.
↑ "Usta (Russia)". SWRR.
↑ "Sura". and "Kadada". SWRR.
↑ "Pyana". and "Cheka". SWRR.
↑ "Alatyr". SWRR.
↑ "Kerzhenets". SWRR.
1 2 "Upa". SWRR.
↑ "Klyazma". SWRR.
↑ "Nerl (Klyazma)". SWRR.
↑ "Tyosha". SWRR.
↑ "Moksha". and "АЗЯСЬ". SWRR.
↑ "Tsna (Moksha basin)". and "Osinovka". SWRR.
↑ "Pronya (Russia)". SWRR.
↑ "Moskva". and "Ruza". SWRR.
↑ "Protva". SWRR.
↑ "Ugra (Oka)". and "Demina". SWRR.
↑ "Unzha". SWRR.
↑ "Neya". SWRR.
↑ "Kostroma". SWRR.
↑ "Sheksna". SWRR.
↑ "Suda". and "Nozhema". SWRR.
↑ "Mologa". SWRR.
↑ "Chagodoshcha". and "Lid". SWRR.
↑ "Medveditsa (Volga basin)". SWRR.
↑ "Ural". SWRR.
↑ "Chagan". SWRR.
↑ "Ilek". SWRR.
↑ "Bolshaya Khobda". SWRR.
↑ "Sakmara". SWRR.
↑ "Bolshoy Ik". SWRR.
↑ "Or". SWRR.
↑ "European Rivers". worldatlas.com. 29 April 2021.
↑ "River Systems of the World". Archived from the original on 2009-09-19.
↑ danube.panda.org/wwf/web/search/details.jsp?pid=139
↑ Мезень (река). Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on September 19, 2012.

v t e List of rivers of Europe
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