1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate

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1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate
1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate.svg
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Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Butane-1,2,4-triyl trinitrate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.026.998 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 229-697-1
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C4H7N3O9/c8-5(9)14-2-1-4(16-7(12)13)3-15-6(10)11/h4H,1-3H2 Yes check.svgY
    Key: RDLIBIDNLZPAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Yes check.svgY
  • InChI=1/C4H7N3O9/c8-5(9)14-2-1-4(16-7(12)13)3-15-6(10)11/h4H,1-3H2
    Key: RDLIBIDNLZPAQD-UHFFFAOYAH
  • O=[N+]([O-])OC(CCO[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-]
Properties
C4H7N3O9
Molar mass 241.11 g/mol
Density 1.52 g/cm3
Melting point -27 °C
Boiling point 230 °C (446 °F; 503 K) (explosion temperature)
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS-pictogram-explos.svg GHS-pictogram-skull.svg GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg
Danger
H200, H300, H310, H330, H373, H411
P201, P202, P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P281, P284, P301+P310, P302+P350, P304+P340, P310, P314, P320, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P372, P373, P380, P391, P401, P403+P233, P405, P501
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate (BTTN), also called butanetriol trinitrate, is an important military propellant. It is a colorless to brown explosive liquid. [1]

BTTN is used as a propellant in virtually all single-stage missiles used by the United States, including the Hellfire. [2] It is less volatile, less sensitive to shock, and more thermally stable than nitroglycerine, [3] for which it is a promising replacement. [4]

BTTN as a propellant is often used in a mixture with nitroglycerin. [3] The mixture can be made by co-nitration of butanetriol and glycerol. [5] BTTN is also used as a plasticizer in some nitrocellulose-based propellants. [6]

BTTN is manufactured by nitration of 1,2,4-butanetriol. [7] Biotechnological manufacture of butanetriol is under intensive research. [8]

References

  1. ↑ Pisacane, Frank J. (1982). 1,2,4-Butanetriol: Analysis and Synthesis. PN.
  2. ↑ "Bacteria help make missile fuel". 2004-02-02. Retrieved 2018-11-02.
  3. 1 2 Varghese, T. L.; Krishnamurthy, V. N. (2017-01-03). The Chemistry and Technology of Solid Rocket Propellants (A Treatise on Solid Propellants). Allied Publishers. p. 187. ISBN   978-93-85926-33-4.
  4. ↑ Bhowmik, D.; Sadavarte, V.S.; Pande, S.M.; Saraswat, B.S. (2015). "An Energetic Binder for the Formulation of Advanced Solid Rocket Propellants". Central European Journal of Energetic Materials. 12 (1): 147.
  5. ↑ Farncomb, Robert E.; Carr, Walter A. (1987-07-06). "Patent application: Co-Nitration of 1,2,4-Butanetriol and Glycerin". Archived from the original on June 1, 2022.
  6. ↑ Sutton, George P.; Biblarz, Oscar (2016-11-30). Rocket Propulsion Elements. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN   978-1-118-75391-0.
  7. ↑ Gouranlou, Farideh; Kohsary, Iraj (2010-06-01). "Synthesis and Characterization of 1,2,4-Butanetrioltrinitrate". Asian Journal of Chemistry. 22: 4221–4228.
  8. ↑ Cao, Yujin; Niu, Wei; Guo, Jiantao; Xian, Mo; Liu, Huizhou (2015-12-16). "Biotechnological production of 1,2,4-butanetriol: An efficient process to synthesize energetic material precursor from renewable biomass". Scientific Reports. 5 (1): 18149. Bibcode:2015NatSR...518149C. doi:10.1038/srep18149. ISSN   2045-2322. PMC   4680960 . PMID   26670289.
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