1544 in science

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The year 1544 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Contents

Botany

Geography

Geology

Geophysics

Mathematics

Zoology

Births

Deaths

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Prospero Alpini</span> Venetian physician and botanist

Prospero Alpini was a Venetian physician and botanist. He travelled around Egypt and served as the fourth prefect in charge of the botanical garden of Padua. He wrote several botanical treatises which covered exotic plants of economic and medicinal value. His description of coffee and banana plants are considered the oldest in European literature. The ginger-family genus Alpinia was named in his honour by Carolus Linnaeus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1544</span> Calendar year

1544 (MDXLIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1544th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 544th year of the 2nd millennium, the 44th year of the 16th century, and the 5th year of the 1540s decade. As of the start of 1544, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which was the dominant calendar of the time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Conrad Gessner</span> Swiss physician, bibliographer and naturalist (1516–1565)

Conrad Gessner was a Swiss physician, naturalist, bibliographer, and philologist. Born into a poor family in Zürich, Switzerland, his father and teachers quickly realised his talents and supported him through university, where he studied classical languages, theology and medicine. He became Zürich's city physician, but was able to spend much of his time on collecting, research and writing. Gessner compiled monumental works on bibliography and zoology and was working on a major botanical text at the time of his death from plague at the age of 49. He is regarded as the father of modern scientific bibliography, zoology and botany. He was frequently the first to describe species of plants or animals in Europe, such as the tulip in 1559. A number of plants and animals have been named after him.

<i>Materia medica</i> Historical Latin term for pharmacology

Materia medica is a Latin term from the history of pharmacy for the body of collected knowledge about the therapeutic properties of any substance used for healing. The term derives from the title of a work by the Ancient Greek physician Pedanius Dioscorides in the 1st century AD, De materia medica, 'On medical material'.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Turner (naturalist)</span> English Protestant reformer, physician and natural historian (c. 1509–1568)

William Turner was an English divine and reformer, a physician and a natural historian. He has been called “the father of English botany”. He studied medicine in Italy, and was a friend of the great Swiss naturalist, Conrad Gessner. He was an early herbalist and ornithologist, and it is in these fields that the most interest lies today. He is known as being one of the first “parson-naturalists” in England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leonhart Fuchs</span> German physician and botanist (1501–1566)

Leonhart Fuchs, sometimes spelled Leonhard Fuchs and cited in Latin as Leonhartus Fuchsius, was a German physician and botanist. His chief notability is as the author of a large book about plants and their uses as medicines, a herbal, which was first published in 1542 in Latin. It has about 500 accurate and detailed drawings of plants, which were printed from woodcuts. The drawings are the book's most notable advance on its predecessors. Although drawings had been used in other herbal books, Fuchs' book proved and emphasized high-quality drawings as the most telling way to specify what a plant name stands for.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Herbal</span> Book containing the names and descriptions of plants

A herbal is a book containing the names and descriptions of plants, usually with information on their medicinal, tonic, culinary, toxic, hallucinatory, aromatic, or magical powers, and the legends associated with them. A herbal may also classify the plants it describes, may give recipes for herbal extracts, tinctures, or potions, and sometimes include mineral and animal medicaments in addition to those obtained from plants. Herbals were often illustrated to assist plant identification.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carolus Clusius</span> Artois doctor and botanist (1526–1609)

Charles de l'Écluse,L'Escluse, or Carolus Clusius, seigneur de Watènes, was an Artois doctor and pioneering botanist, perhaps the most influential of all 16th-century scientific horticulturists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Valerius Cordus</span> German physician, botanist, and author (1515–1544)

Valerius Cordus was a German physician, botanist and pharmacologist who authored the first pharmacopoeia North of the Alps and one of the most celebrated herbals in history. He is also widely credited with developing a method for synthesizing ether.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Johann Beckmann</span> German scientific author

Johann Beckmann (1739–1811) was a German scientific author and coiner of the word technology, to mean the science of trades. He was the first man to teach technology and write about it as an academic subject.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rembert Dodoens</span> Flemish physician and botanist (1517–1585)

Rembert Dodoens was a Flemish physician and botanist, also known under his Latinized name Rembertus Dodonaeus. He has been called the father of botany. The standard author abbreviation Dodoens is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Johannes Oporinus</span> Swiss humanist printer

Johannes Oporinus was a humanist printer in Basel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pietro Andrea Mattioli</span> Italian scientist

Pietro Andrea Gregorio Mattioli was a doctor and naturalist born in Siena. His most important work was a commentary on the medicinal plants of Pedanius Dioscorides first published in 1544 which was translated into several languages and went into thirteen editions in his lifetime.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pierre Magnol</span> French botanist

Pierre Magnol was a French botanist. He was born in the city of Montpellier, where he lived and worked for most of his life. He became Professor of Botany and Director of the Royal Botanic Garden of Montpellier and held a seat in the Académie Royale des Sciences de Paris for a short while. He was one of the innovators who devised the botanical scheme of classification. He was the first to publish the concept of plant families as they are understood today, a natural classification of groups of plants that have features in common.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Georg Joseph Kamel</span> Jesuit missionary, pharmacist, and naturalist

Georg Joseph Kamel was a Jesuit missionary, pharmacist and naturalist known for producing the first comprehensive accounts of Philippine flora and fauna and for introducing Philippine nature to the European learned world. A number of Kamel's treatises were published in the Philosophical Transactions, while his descriptions of Philippine flora appeared as an appendix to the third volume of John Ray's Historia Plantarum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Georg Hartmann</span>

Georg Hartmann was a German engineer, instrument maker, author, printer, humanist, priest, and astronomer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Botanical illustration</span> Drawing or painted image of plants and their components

Botanical illustration is the art of depicting the form, color, and details of plant species. They are generally meant to be scientifically descriptive about subjects depicted and are often found printed alongside a botanical description in books, magazines, and other media. Some are sold as artworks. Often composed by a botanical illustrator in consultation with a scientific author, their creation requires an understanding of plant morphology and access to specimens and references.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adam Lonicer</span> German botanist

Adam Lonicer, Adam Lonitzer or Adamus Lonicerus was a German botanist, noted for his 1557 revised version of Eucharius Rösslin's herbal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of botany</span>

The history of botany examines the human effort to understand life on Earth by tracing the historical development of the discipline of botany—that part of natural science dealing with organisms traditionally treated as plants.

Euricius Cordus born Heinrich Ritze was a German humanist poet, physician, botanist and naturalist. He is considered one of the founders of botany in Germany.

References

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  7. Groza, Vivian Shaw; Shelley, Susanne M. (1972). Precalculus Mathematics. Ardent Media. p. 182. ISBN   978-0-03-077670-0.
  8. "Joseph Du Chesne (Sieur de la Violette, 1544-1609)". data.bnf.fr. Bibliothèque nationale de France. Retrieved 23 December 2020.