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208 (of 266) members of the Senate of Spain were elected in the 2023 Spanish general election to sit in the 15th Cortes Generales. [1]
Most members of the senate (currently 208 of 266) are directly elected by the people. Each province elects four senators without regard to population. Insular provinces are treated specially. The larger islands of the Balearics (Baleares) and Canaries (Canarias)—Mallorca, Gran Canaria, and Tenerife—are assigned three seats each, and the smaller islands—Menorca, Ibiza–Formentera, Fuerteventura, Gomera, Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma—one each; Ceuta and Melilla are assigned two seats each. [2] [3]
This allocation is heavily weighted in favour of small provinces; as the most populated province Madrid, with its 6.5 million people, and Soria, with 90,000 inhabitants, are each represented by four senators. [4]
| PP | PSOE | Vox | ERC | Junts | PNV | EH Bildu | BNG | CC | UPN | AHI | ASG | PAR | Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSOE | PSC | ||||||||||||||
| Elected in 2023 | 120 | 60 | 12 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 208 | ||
| Elected before 2023 | 21 | 13 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 51 | |||
| Total | 141 | 73 | 15 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 259 |
| Constituency | Seats | List | Seats | Deputies | Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Huesca | 4 | PP | 3 | Melania Mur Sangrá | PP | ||
| Javier Campoy Monreal | |||||||
| Ana María Beltrán Villalba | |||||||
| PSOE | 1 | Rosa María Serrano Sierra | PSOE | ||||
| Teruel | 4 | PP | 3 | Luisa Fernanda Rudi Úbeda | PP | ||
| María del Rocío Dívar Conde | |||||||
| José Manuel Aranda Lassa | |||||||
| PSOE | 1 | Miguel Carmelo Dalmau Blanco | PSOE | ||||
| Zaragoza | 4 | PP | 3 | Emma Buj Sánchez | PP | ||
| Carmen Pobo Sánchez | |||||||
| Manuel Blasco Marqués | |||||||
| PSOE | 1 | María José Villalba Chavarría | PSOE | ||||
| Constituency | Seats | List | Seats | Deputies | Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asturias | 4 | PP | 3 | Pablo González Menéndez | PP | ||
| María Teresa Mallada de Castro | |||||||
| José Manuel Fernández Díaz | |||||||
| PSOE | 1 | María Fernández Álvarez | PSOE | ||||
| Constituency | Seats | List | Seats | Deputies | Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ibiza–Formentera | 1 | PSOE | 1 | Juanjo Ferrer Martínez | PSOE | ||
| Mallorca | 3 | PP | Maria Salom Coll | PP | |||
| Martí Ángel Torres Valls | |||||||
| PSOE | Pere Joan Pons | PSOE | |||||
| Menorca | 1 | PP | Cristóbal Marqués Palliser | PP | |||
| Constituency | Seats | List | Seats | Deputies | Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Álava | 4 | PSOE | 3 | Julia Liberal Liberal | PSOE | ||
| Adolfo Lander Vera | |||||||
| Paula Somalo García | |||||||
| EH Bildu | 1 | Josu Estarrona Elizondo | EH Bildu | ||||
| Biscay | 4 | PNV | 3 | Nerea Ahedo Ceza | PNV | ||
| María Dolores Etxano Varela | |||||||
| Igotz López Torre | |||||||
| PSOE | 1 | Txema Oleaga | PSOE | ||||
| Gipuzkoa | 4 | EH Bildu | 3 | Gorka Elejabarrieta Diaz | EH Bildu | ||
| Olaia Duarte López | |||||||
| Mario Zubiaga | |||||||
| PNV | 1 | Luke Uribe-Etxebarria | PNV | ||||
| Constituency | Seats | List | Seats | Deputies | Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| El Hierro | 1 | AHI | 1 | Aniceto Javier Armas González | AHI | ||
| Fuerteventura | 1 | PSOE | 1 | Paloma Hernández Cerezo | PSOE | ||
| Gran Canaria | 3 | PSOE | 2 | Ramón Morales Quesada | PSOE | ||
| PSOE | Marta Jorgina Saavedra Doménech | PSOE | |||||
| PP | 1 | Sergio Ramos Acosta | PP | ||||
| La Gomera | 1 | ASG | 1 | Fabián Chinea Correa | ASG | ||
| La Palma | 1 | PSOE | 1 | Kilian Sánchez San Juan | PSOE | ||
| Lanzarote | 1 | 1 | Francisco Manuel Fajardo Palarea | ||||
| Tenerife | 3 | 2 | Pedro Manuel Martín Domínguez | ||||
| Marta Arocha Correa | |||||||
| PP | 1 | Emilio José Navarro Castenedo | PP | ||||
| Constituency | Seats | List | Seats | Deputies | Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cantabria | 4 | PP | 3 | Elena Castillo López | PP | ||
| Severiano Ángel Cuesta Alonso | |||||||
| Juan Carlos García Diego | |||||||
| PSOE | 1 | Secundino Caso Roiz | PSOE | ||||
| Constituency | Seats | List | Seats | Deputies | Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barcelona | 4 | PSC | 3 | Manuel Cruz Rodríguez | PSC | ||
| Elena Vila Gómez | |||||||
| Gabriel Colomé García | |||||||
| ERC | 1 | Joan Queralt i Jiménez | ERC | ||||
| Girona | 4 | PSC | 3 | Consol Cantenys Arbolí | PSC | ||
| Martí Sans i Pairuto | |||||||
| Lluïsa Blanch Fulcarà | |||||||
| Junts | 1 | Joan Bagué | Junts | ||||
| Lleida | 4 | PSC | 3 | Dionís Oña Martín | PSC | ||
| Pasión Gador Romero García | |||||||
| Jan Pomés López | |||||||
| ERC | 1 | Sara Bailac i Ardanuy | ERC | ||||
| Tarragona | 4 | PSC | 3 | Manel de la Vega Carrera | PSC | ||
| Núria Rovira Costas | |||||||
| Mario Soler Santos | |||||||
| ERC | 1 | Jordi Gaseni Blanch | ERC | ||||
| Constituency | Seats | List | Seats | Deputies | Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Badajoz | 4 | PSOE | 2 | Rafael Lemus Rubiales | PSOE | ||
| María Teresa Macías | |||||||
| PP | 2 | José Antonio Monago Terraza | PP | ||||
| Carmen Pagador López | |||||||
| Cáceres | 4 | PP | 2 | Mónica Grados Caro | PP | ||
| María Dolores Marcos Moyano | |||||||
| PSOE | 2 | Miguel Ángel Nacarino Muriel | PSOE | ||||
| María Isabel Moreno Duque | |||||||
| Constituency | Seats | List | Seats | Deputies | Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Coruña | 4 | PP | 3 | Rosa Gallego | PP | ||
| Verónica Casal | |||||||
| Manuel Ruiz Rivas | |||||||
| PSOE | 1 | Xosé Antonio Sánchez Bugallo | PSOE | ||||
| Lugo | 4 | PP | 3 | José Manuel Barreiro Fernández | PP | ||
| María José Gómez Rodríguez | |||||||
| Juan Serrano | |||||||
| PSOE | 1 | César Alejandro Mogo Zaro | PSOE | ||||
| Ourense | 4 | PP | 3 | Carmen Leyte | PP | ||
| Luís Menor | |||||||
| Rosa María Sánchez Gándara | |||||||
| PSOE | 1 | Rafael Rodríguez Villarino | PSOE | ||||
| Pontevedra | 4 | PP | 3 | María José Pardo | PP | ||
| José Crespo | |||||||
| Nidia Arévalo | |||||||
| PSOE | 1 | Carmela Silva | PSOE | ||||
| Constituency | Seats | List | Seats | Deputies | Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Madrid | 4 | PP | 3 | Pedro Rollán | PP | ||
| Pío García-Escudero | |||||||
| Paloma Martín Martín | |||||||
| PSOE | 1 | José Manuel Franco | PSOE | ||||
| Constituency | Seats | List | Seats | Deputies | Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Murcia | 4 | PP | 3 | Francisco Bernabé | PP | ||
| Antonio Luengo Zapata | |||||||
| Antonia López Moya | |||||||
| PSOE | 1 | Inmaculada Sánchez Roca | PSOE | ||||
| Constituency | Seats | List | Seats | Deputies | Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Navarre | 4 | PSOE | 3 | Javier Remírez | PSOE | ||
| Nuria Medina Santos | |||||||
| Antonio Magdaleno Alegría | |||||||
| UPN | 1 | María Mar Caballero Martínez | UPN | ||||
| Constituency | Seats | List | Seats | Deputies | Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| La Rioja | 4 | PP | 3 | Luis Martínez-Portillo Subero | PP | ||
| Carlos Yécora Roca | |||||||
| María del Mar San Martín Ibarra | |||||||
| PSOE | 1 | Concha Andreu | PSOE | ||||
| Constituency | Seats | List | Seats | Deputies | Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alicante | 4 | PP | 3 | Eva Ortiz Vilella | PP | ||
| Agustín Almodóbar Barceló | |||||||
| María Dolores Esteve Juan | |||||||
| PSOE | 1 | Ana Martínez Zaragoza | PSOE | ||||
| Castellón | 4 | PP | 3 | Vicente Martínez Mus | PP | ||
| Susana Marqués Escoín | |||||||
| Vicente Tejedo Tormo | |||||||
| PSOE | 1 | Amparo Marco | PSOE | ||||
| Valencia | 4 | PP | 2 | Estela del Carmen Darocas Marin | PP | ||
| Luis Santamaría Ruiz | |||||||
| PSOE | 2 | Juan Antonio Sagredo Marco | PSOE | ||||
| Cristina Moreno Fernández | |||||||
| Constituency | Seats | List | Seats | Deputies | Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ceuta | 2 | PP | 2 | Cristina Díaz Moreno | PP | ||
| PP | Abdelhakim Abdeselam Al Lal | PP | |||||
| Constituency | Seats | List | Seats | Deputies | Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Melilla | 2 | PP | 2 | Fernando Adolfo Gutiérrez Díaz de Otazu | PP | ||
| PP | Isabel María Moreno Mohamed | PP | |||||
The politics of Spain takes place under the framework established by the Constitution of 1978. Spain is established as a social and democratic sovereign country wherein the national sovereignty is vested in the people, from which the powers of the state emanate.
The Senate is the upper house of the Cortes Generales, which along with the Congress of Deputies – the lower chamber – comprises the Parliament of the Kingdom of Spain. The Senate meets in the Palace of the Senate in Madrid. The presiding officer of the Senate is the president of the Senate, who is elected by the members at the first sitting after each national election.
The 1996 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 3 March 1996, to elect the 6th Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 257 seats in the Senate.
The 2004 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 14 March 2004, to elect the 8th Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 259 seats in the Senate. Incumbent Prime Minister José María Aznar of the People's Party (PP) was retiring from politics and did not stand.
The 1993 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 6 June 1993, to elect the 5th Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 256 seats in the Senate.
Elections in Spain encompass four different types: general elections, regional elections, local elections, and elections to the European Parliament. General elections and regional elections are typically conducted at the conclusion of the national or regional legislative mandate, which usually spans four years since the previous election. However, early elections can be called in certain circumstances. On the other hand, local council elections and elections to the European Parliament follow fixed dates, although some local government bodies, such as provincial councils, are not directly elected. In most elections, a party-list proportional representation (PR) system is employed, while the Senate utilizes the plurality system.
The 1979 Spanish general election was held on Thursday, 1 March 1979, to elect the 1st Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as all 208 seats in the Senate.
The 2008 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 9 March 2008, to elect the 9th Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 264 seats in the Senate.
The 2011 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 20 November 2011, to elect the 10th Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 266 seats in the Senate. An election had not been due until April 2012 at latest, but a call by Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero for a snap election five months ahead of schedule was announced on 29 July 2011. Zapatero would not be seeking a third term in office, and with political pressure mounting, a deteriorating economic situation and his political project exhausted, an early election was perceived as the only way out.
The 2007 Aragonese regional election was held on Sunday, 27 May 2007, to elect the 7th Cortes of the autonomous community of Aragon. All 67 seats in the Cortes were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with regional elections in 12 other autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain.
The 1920 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 19 December 1920 and on Sunday, 2 January 1921, to elect the 19th Cortes of the Kingdom of Spain in the Restoration period. All 409 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate.
The 1919 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 1 June and on Sunday, 15 June 1919, to elect the 18th Cortes of the Kingdom of Spain in the Restoration period. All 409 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate.
The 1910 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 8 May and on Sunday, 22 May 1910, to elect the 14th Cortes of the Kingdom of Spain in the Restoration period. All 404 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate.
The 1896 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 12 April and on Sunday, 26 April 1896, to elect the 7th Cortes of the Kingdom of Spain in the Restoration period. All 445 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate.
The 1893 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 5 March and on Sunday, 19 March 1893, to elect the 6th Cortes of the Kingdom of Spain in the Restoration period. All 442 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate.
The 1876 Spanish general election was held from Thursday, 20 January to Sunday, 23 January 1876 and from Tuesday, 1 February to Friday, 4 February 1876, to elect the Constituent Restoration Cortes of the Kingdom of Spain. All 406 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as all 196 seats in the Senate. In the Canary Islands the election was held from 28 to 31 January, and in Puerto Rico it was held from 15 to 18 February. On 5 April 1877, another election to the Senate was held.
The April 2019 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 28 April 2019, to elect the 13th Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 266 seats in the Senate.
The 2023 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 23 July 2023, to elect the 15th Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 265 seats in the Senate.
General elections in Spain are the elections in which the citizens of Spain choose members of the Congress of Deputies and of the Senate, the two chambers of the Cortes Generales that represent the Spanish people. They are held every four years, unless a repeat or early election is called. Since the adoption of the Constitution of 1978, 14 general elections have been held in Spain. The most recent elections were held in July of 2023. Members of the Congress of Deputies are elected via a system of proportional representation. Members of the Senate are elected via a mixed system: some are elected via a majoritarian system and others are appointed by the legislatures of autonomous communities.
The next Spanish general election will be held no later than Sunday, 22 August 2027, to elect the 16th Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies will be up for election, as well as 208 of 265 seats in the Senate.
