1911 Cambridge University by-election

1911 Cambridge University by-election

←  Dec. 1910 11–16 February 1911 1918  →
Turnout	64.4%
First party Second party Third party   FT Candidate Joseph Larmor Harold Cox Thomas Ethelbert Page Party Conservative Free Trade Ind. Conservative Popular vote 2,308 1,954 332 Percentage 50.3% 42.5% 7.2%
MP before election Samuel Butcher Conservative Elected MP Joseph Larmor Conservative

The Cambridge University by-election was a Parliamentary by-election held on 11-16 February 1911. ^[1] The constituency returned two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

Vacancy

Samuel Butcher had been Unionist MP for the seat of Cambridge University since the 1906 general elections. He died on 29 December 1910 at the age of 60.

Electoral history

This was a safe Conservative constituency in which a challenger rarely appeared. At both the General Elections in 1910, the two Conservative candidates were returned unopposed. The last contested election was in 1906 when one of the sitting Conservative MPs stood on a platform of Free Trade in opposition to the Unionist tariff reform policies:

General election 18 January 1906: Cambridge University (2 seats) ^[2]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Samuel Butcher	3,050	39.7	N/A
	Conservative	John Frederick Peel Rawlinson	2,976	38.8	N/A
	Free Trade	John Eldon Gorst	1,653	21.5	N/A
Majority			1,323	17.3
Turnout			4,063	65.8	N/A

Candidates

• Fifty-four-year-old Sir Joseph Larmor was chosen by the Conservatives to defend the seat. He was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge. He was standing for parliament for the first time.
• Fifty-two-year-old Harold Cox stood on the same Free Trade platform used by Gorst in 1906. Cox however was a former Liberal Party MP, having sat for Preston from 1906 to 1910. He opposed many of the social reform policies of the Liberal government and was defeated at the January 1910 general election, where Gorst was standing as an official Liberal candidate. Since then he was appointed by the Conservative backed Municipal Reform Party as an Alderman for the London County Council.
• A third candidate appeared in the shape of Thomas Ethelbert Page, who also stood on a Conservative platform. He was standing for parliament for the first time.

Campaign

Polling took place over a five-day period from 11 to 16 February 1911.

Result

1911 Cambridge University by-election ^[3]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Joseph Larmor	2,308	50.3	N/A
	Free Trade	Harold Cox	1,954	42.5	New
	Ind. Conservative	Thomas Ethelbert Page	332	7.2	New
Majority			354	7.8	N/A
Turnout			7,129	64.4	N/A
	Conservative hold		Swing	N/A

Aftermath

Larmoor was re-elected at the following General Election:

General Election 1918: Cambridge University (2 seats) ^[4]

Party		Candidate	FPv%	Count
				1	2
	Coalition Conservative	John Frederick Peel Rawlinson	35.16	2,034
	Coalition Conservative	Joseph Larmor	32.69	1,891	1,986
	Independent	William Cecil Dampier Whetham	21.09	1,220	1,229
	Labour	J. C. Squire	11.06	640	641
Electorate: 9,282  Valid: 5,785  Quota: 1,929  Turnout: 62.32%

References

1. Craig, F.W.S. (1987). Chronology of British Parliamentary By-elections 1833–1987. Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. vii.
2. British parliamentary election results 1885-1918 by Craig, F. W. S.
3. British parliamentary election results 1885-1918 by Craig, F. W. S.
4. British parliamentary election results 1885-1918 by Craig, F. W. S.