1911 Bethnal Green South West by-election

1911 Bethnal Green South West

←  Dec. 1910 29 July 1911 1914  →

Candidate Masterman Hoffgaard Scurr Party Liberal Conservative Labour Popular vote 2,745 2,561 134 Percentage 50.4% 47.1% 2.5%

MP before election Edward Pickersgill Liberal Subsequent MP Mathew Wilson Unionist

The Bethnal Green South West by-election was a Parliamentary by-election held on 29 July 1911. ^[1] It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

Vacancy

Edward Pickersgill, the sitting Liberal MP for Bethnal Green South West, resigned from the House of Commons in July 1911; in order to take up a post as a stipendary magistrate. ^[2]

Electoral history

Pickersgill had been the MP for Bethnal Green South West since 1906, having previously represented the seat from its creation in 1885 until 1900. During the six-year period where Pickersgill did not represent the seat, it was represented by a Conservative. At the previous general election in December 1910, Pickersgill had been comfortably re-elected with a majority of 682 votes.

Pickersgill

General Election December 1910 ^[3]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Edward Pickersgill	2,768	57.0	−1.6
	Conservative	Eric Alfred Hoffgaard	2,086	43.0	+1.6
Majority			682	14.0	−3.2
Turnout			4,854	68.3	−11.6
	Liberal hold		Swing	-1.6

Candidates

Following Pickersgill's re-election in December 1910, he had informed his local Liberal Association that he planned to leave politics to become a magistrate. In anticipation of Pickersgill's resignation, the local association selected Percy Harris as their candidate. Harris had previously stood as a Liberal Party candidate for parliament elsewhere on two occasions. However, he was a local man who had represented the constituency on the London County Council since 1907. Charles Masterman had been Liberal MP for West Ham North until he was forced out by the courts early in 1911 when his December 1910 victory was declared void. Despite this disruption to his parliamentary status, he had continued in the government post of Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department. During this period, he was responsible for the passage through parliament of the National Insurance Act 1911. The Liberal Party leadership was keen to get Masterman back into parliament as soon as possible. They told Pickersgill that his appointment as a magistrate was conditional upon him supporting Masterman rather than Harris as his successor. The party leadership and Pickergill put pressure on Harris to withdraw as candidate in favour of Masterman, which he did. ^{[4] [5]}

Eric Hoffgaard, who had been the Conservative Party candidate at the previous general election, was again selected to contest the seat. An Australian-born socialist John Scurr made it a three-way fight. When Masterman was selected as the official Liberal candidate, some of Harris' supporters decided to campaign in support of Scurr. ^[4]

Campaign

Polling Day was fixed for the 29 July.

Result

The Liberals retained the seat with a decreased majority:

Masterman

Bethnal Green South West By-Election 1911 ^[3]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Charles Masterman	2,745	50.4	−6.6
	Conservative	Eric Alfred Hoffgaard	2,561	47.1	+4.1
	Independent Labour	John Scurr	134	2.5	New
Majority			184	3.3	−10.7
Turnout			5,440	76.8	+8.5
	Liberal hold		Swing	-5.3

Aftermath

In February 1914, Masterman was appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and required to resign and fight another by-election and this time was defeated.

Bethnal Green South West By-Election 1914 ^[3]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	Mathew Wilson	2,828	47.6	+0.5
	Liberal	Charles Masterman	2,804	47.1	−3.3
	Socialist	John Scurr	316	5.3	+2.8
Majority			24	0.5	N/A
Turnout			5,948	83.5	+6.7
	Unionist gain from Liberal		Swing	+1.9

References

1. Craig, F.W.S. (1987). Chronology of British Parliamentary By-elections 1833–1987. Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 105.
2. "Obituary: Mr. E. H. Pickersgill". The Times . 14 October 1911. p. 9.
3. British Parliamentary Election Results 1885-1918, FWS Craig
4. Forty Years in and out of Parliament by Sir Percy Harris
5. Dictionary of Liberal Biography