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The Red Army Faction, also known as the Baader–Meinhof Group or Baader–Meinhof Gang, was a West German far-left militant group founded in 1970 and active until 1998. The RAF described itself as a communist and anti-imperialist urban guerrilla group. It was engaged in armed resistance against what it considered a fascist state. Members of the RAF generally used the Marxist–Leninist term "faction" when they wrote in English. Early leadership included Andreas Baader, Ulrike Meinhof, Gudrun Ensslin, and Horst Mahler. The West German government considered the RAF a terrorist organization.
Ulrike Marie Meinhof was a German left-wing journalist and founding member of the Red Army Faction (RAF) in West Germany, commonly referred to in the press as the "Baader-Meinhof gang". She is the reputed author of The Urban Guerilla Concept (1971). The manifesto acknowledges the RAF's "roots in the history of the student movement"; condemns "reformism" as "a brake on the anti-capitalist struggle"; and invokes Mao Zedong to define "armed struggle" as "the highest form of Marxism-Leninism".
Gudrun Ensslin was a German far-left terrorist and founder of the West German far-left militant group Red Army Faction.
The 2 June Movement was a West German anarchist militant group based in West Berlin. Active from January 1972 to 1980, the anarchist group was one of the few militant groups at the time in Germany. Although the 2 June Movement did not share the same ideology as the Red Army Faction, these organizations were allies. The 2 June Movement did not establish as much influence in Germany as their Marxist counterparts, and is best known for kidnapping West Berlin mayoral candidate Peter Lorenz.
Berndt Andreas Baader, was a West German communist and leader of the left-wing militant organization Red Army Faction (RAF) also commonly known as the Baader-Meinhof Group.
Jan-Carl Raspe was a member of the German militant group, the Red Army Faction (RAF).
Holger Klaus Meins was a German cinematography student who joined the Red Army Faction (RAF) in the early 1970s and died on hunger strike in prison.
Irmgard Möller is a German former militant. She joined the Red Army Faction (RAF) in 1971. After participating in two bombings she was arrested the following year. During the German Autumn of 1977, she was one of the prisoners demanded by the RAF to be freed and was part of an alleged suicide pact in Stammheim Prison with Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin and Jan-Carl Raspe. The other three died and she survived, claiming it was an assassination attempt. She was released from prison in 1994.
Bernd Eichinger was a German film producer, screenwriter, and director.
Brigitte Margret Ida Mohnhaupt is a German convicted former terrorist associated with the second generation of the Red Army Faction (RAF) members. She was also part of the Socialist Patients' Collective (SPK). From 1971 until 1982 she was active within the RAF.
Members of the Red Army Faction (RAF) can be split up into three generations. The first (founding) generation existed from 1970 onwards. The second generation emerged from 1975 and included people from other groups such as the Socialist Patients' Collective (SPK) and the 2 June Movement. The third generation began in 1982. The group announced its dissolution in 1998.
Ingrid Schubert was a West German militant and founding member of the Red Army Faction (RAF). She participated in the freeing of Andreas Baader from prison in May 1970 as well as several bank robberies before her arrest in October 1970. She was found dead in her cell in 1977.
Horst Mahler is a German former lawyer and political activist. He once was a far-left militant and a founding member of the Red Army Faction who later became a Maoist, before switching to neo-Nazism. Between 2000 and 2003, he was a member of the far-right National Democratic Party of Germany. Since 2003, he has repeatedly been convicted of Volksverhetzung and Holocaust denial, and he served much of a twelve-year prison sentence.
The Baader Meinhof Complex is a 2008 German drama film directed by Uli Edel. Written and produced by Bernd Eichinger, it stars Moritz Bleibtreu, Martina Gedeck, and Johanna Wokalek. The film is based on the 1985 German best selling non-fiction book of the same name by Stefan Aust. It retells the story of the early years of the West German far-left terrorist organisation the Rote Armee Fraktion from 1967 to 1977.
The Baader-Meinhof Group, also known as Red Army Faction, was a left-wing militant group active in West Germany from 1970 to 1998.
Events from the year 1975 in France.
Johanna Wokalek is a German stage and film actress. A student of Klaus Maria Brandauer, she received critical recognition and three newcomer awards for her performance in the play Rose Bernd. Wokalek is best known for her award-winning appearances in the German films Hierankl, Barfuss, and The Baader Meinhof Complex. She received the Bambi award for her portrayal of the Red Army Faction member Gudrun Ensslin in 2008. She played the lead role in the film Pope Joan in 2009.
Events in the year 1955 in Germany.
Events in the year 1971 in Germany.
Irene Goergens is a former member of the West German terrorist group, the Red Army Faction (RAF).
References
- ↑ Stefan Aust (2009). Baader-Meinhof: The Inside Story of the R.A.F. Oxford University Press. p. 439. ISBN 978-0-19-537275-5.
- ↑ Bell, Daniel (17 March 2016). Encyclopedia of International Games. McFarland. p. 517=9. ISBN 978-1-4766-1527-1.
- ↑ Encyclopedia of terrorism . SAGE Publications. 2003. p. 248. ISBN 9780761924081 . Retrieved 22 June 2010– via Internet Archive.
- ↑ Greenfeter, Yael (November 4, 2010). "Israel in shock as Munich killers freed". Haaretz . Retrieved July 27, 2013.
- ↑ "Doner kebab 'inventor' Kadir Nurman dies in Berlin". BBC News . October 26, 2013. Retrieved 2013-10-27.
- ↑ James Ramsden (October 28, 2013). "Did Kadir Nurman really invent the doner kebab?". The Guardian. Retrieved May 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Claudia Pechstein | Biography, Olympic Medals, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
- ↑ Sachs, Robert (1979). Maria Goeppert Mayer 1906–1972: A Biographical Memoir (PDF). National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved September 14, 2013.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ↑ Vazzana, Eugene (2001). Silent film necrology. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland. p. 289. ISBN 9780786410590.
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