1959 in Germany

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1959
in
Germany
Decades:
See also: Other events of 1959
History of Germany   Timeline   Years

The following lists events that happened during 1959 in Germany.

Contents

Incumbents

West Germany

East Germany

Events

March

May

June

October

November

December

Births

Deaths

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty</span> 1963 international agreement

The Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT), formally known as the 1963 Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water, prohibited all test detonations of nuclear weapons except for those conducted underground. It is also abbreviated as the Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT) and Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (NTBT), though the latter may also refer to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), which succeeded the PTBT for ratifying parties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nikita Khrushchev</span> Leader of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964

Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev was the first secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and Chairman of the Council of Ministers (premier) from 1958 to 1964. During his rule, Khrushchev stunned the communist world with his denunciation of his predecessor Joseph Stalin's crimes and embarked on a policy of de-Stalinization with his key ally Anastas Mikoyan. He sponsored the early Soviet space program and the enactment of moderate reforms in domestic policy. After some false starts, and a narrowly avoided nuclear war over Cuba, he conducted successful negotiations with the United States to reduce Cold War tensions. In 1964, the Kremlin leadership stripped him of power, replacing him with Leonid Brezhnev as First Secretary and Alexei Kosygin as Premier.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brinkmanship</span> Political and military tactic

Brinkmanship or brinksmanship is the practice of trying to achieve an advantageous outcome by pushing dangerous events to the brink of active conflict. The maneuver of pushing a situation with the opponent to the brink succeeds by forcing the opponent to back down and make concessions rather than risk engaging in a conflict that would no longer be beneficial to either side. That might be achieved through diplomatic maneuvers, by creating the impression that one is willing to use extreme methods rather than concede. The tactic occurs in international politics, foreign policy, labor relations, contemporary military strategy, terrorism, and high-stakes litigation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1960 U-2 incident</span> Cold War aircraft shootdown

On 1 May 1960, a United States U-2 spy plane was shot down by the Soviet Air Defence Forces while conducting photographic aerial reconnaissance deep inside Soviet territory. Flown by American pilot Francis Gary Powers, the aircraft had taken off from Peshawar, Pakistan, and crashed near Sverdlovsk, after being hit by a surface-to-air missile. Powers parachuted to the ground and was captured.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anastas Mikoyan</span> Soviet revolutionary and statesman (1895–1978)

Anastas Ivanovich Mikoyan was an Armenian Communist revolutionary, Old Bolshevik and Soviet statesman. Having been elected to the Central Committee in 1923, he was the only Soviet politician who managed to remain at the highest levels of power within the Communist Party from the latter days of Lenin, through the eras of Stalin and Khrushchev, to his peaceful retirement under Brezhnev.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cold War (1953–1962)</span> Phase of the Cold War

The Cold War (1953–1962) discusses the period within the Cold War from the end of the Korean War in 1953 to the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. Following the death of Joseph Stalin earlier in 1953, new leaders attempted to "de-Stalinize" the Soviet Union causing unrest in the Eastern Bloc and members of the Warsaw Pact. In spite of this there was a calming of international tensions, the evidence of which can be seen in the signing of the Austrian State Treaty reuniting Austria, and the Geneva Accords ending fighting in Indochina. However, this period of good happenings was only partial with an expensive arms race continuing during the period and a less alarming, but very expensive space race occurring between the two superpowers as well. The addition of African countries to the stage of cold war, such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo joining the Soviets, caused even more unrest in the West.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geneva Summit (1955)</span> Cold War-era meeting in Geneva, Switzerland, held on July 18, 1955

The Geneva Summit of 1955 was a Cold War-era meeting in Geneva, Switzerland. Held on July 18, 1955, it was a meeting of "The Big Four": President Dwight D. Eisenhower of the United States, Prime Minister Anthony Eden of Britain, Premier Nikolai A. Bulganin of the Soviet Union, and Prime Minister Edgar Faure of France. They were accompanied by the foreign ministers of the four powers : John Foster Dulles, Harold Macmillan, Vyacheslav Molotov, and Antoine Pinay. Also in attendance was Nikita Khrushchev, de facto leader of the Soviet Union.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of the Cold War</span> Timeline of the history of the Cold War

This is a timeline of the main events of the Cold War, a state of political and military tension after World War II between powers in the Western Bloc and powers in the Eastern Bloc.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Llewellyn Thompson</span> American diplomat

Llewellyn E. "Tommy" Thompson Jr. was an American diplomat. He served in Sri Lanka, Austria, and for a lengthy period in the Soviet Union, where his tenure saw some of the most significant events of the Cold War. He was a key advisor to President John F. Kennedy during the Cuban Missile Crisis. A 2019 assessment described him as "arguably the most influential figure who ever advised U.S. presidents about policy toward the Soviet Union during the Cold War."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vienna summit</span> 1961 meeting in Vienna, Austria

The Vienna summit was a summit meeting held on June 4, 1961, in Vienna, Austria, between President of the United States John F. Kennedy and the leader of the Soviet Union Nikita Khrushchev. The leaders of the two superpowers of the Cold War era discussed many issues in the relationship between their countries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">21st Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union</span> 1959 meeting of Soviet delegates

The 21st Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union took place in Moscow, USSR 27 January - 5 February 1959. It was a mid-term or "Extraordinary" Congress, timed so that Khrushchev could try to consolidate his power over rivals after the attempted coup of the Anti-Party Group in 1957. The Seven-Year Plan of economic development was adopted.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bohdan Stashynsky</span> Soviet Ukrainian former KGB agent and spy

Bohdan Mykolayovych Stashynsky or Bogdan Nikolayevich Stashinsky is a former Soviet spy who assassinated the Ukrainian nationalist leaders Lev Rebet and Stepan Bandera in the late 1950s. He defected in West Berlin in 1961.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Berlin Crisis of 1961</span> Cold War incident in divided Berlin

The Berlin Crisis of 1961 was the last major European political and military incident of the Cold War concerning the status of the German capital city, Berlin, and of post–World War II Germany. The crisis culminated in the city's de facto partition with the East German erection of the Berlin Wall.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">September 1959</span> Month of 1959

The following events occurred in September 1959:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">November 1959</span> Month of 1959

The following events occurred in November 1959:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">August 1961</span> Month of 1961

The following events happened in August 1961:

LIVE OAK was the code name for a military planning group formed by the United States, United Kingdom, and France during the Cold War to plan for a response to any Soviet or Warsaw Pact aggression against West Berlin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">State visit by Nikita Khrushchev to the United States</span> The visit of Nikita Khrushchev (leader till 1964) to the United States in 1959

The state visit of Nikita Khrushchev to the United States was a 13-day visit from 15–27 September 1959. It marked the first state visit of a Soviet or Russian leader to the US. Nikita Khrushchev, then First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Chairman of the Council of Ministers, was also the first leader of the Soviet Union to set foot in the Western Hemisphere. Being the first visit by a leader of his kind, the coverage of it resulted in an extended media circus.

The following events occurred in November 1958:

The Berlin Crisis of 1958–1959 was a crisis over the status of West Berlin during the Cold War. It resulted from efforts by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev to react strongly against American nuclear warheads located in West Germany, and build up the prestige of the Soviet satellite state of East Germany. American President Dwight D. Eisenhower mobilized NATO opposition. He was strongly supported by German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, but Great Britain went along reluctantly. There was never any military action. The result was a continuation of the status quo in Berlin, and a move by Eisenhower and Khrushchev toward détente. The Berlin problem had not disappeared, and escalated into a major conflict over building the Berlin Wall in 1961. See Berlin Crisis of 1961.

References

  1. F. Roy Willis, France, Germany and the New Europe 1945–1963 (Stanford University Press), pp295–96
  2. Nuclear Shadowboxing: Cold War Redux (DeVolpi, Inc., 2004), pI-13
  3. Derek Leebaert, The Fifty-Year Wound: The True Price of America's Cold War Victory (Back Bay, 2002), p 235
  4. Eric Herring (1995). Danger and Opportunity: Explaining International Crisis Outcomes. Manchester University Press. p. 135. ISBN   978-0-7190-4293-5.
  5. Joseph J. Trento, The Secret History of the CIA (Carroll & Graf, 2005), p180
  6. "Heyde, Werner", in Who's Who in Nazi Germany (Routledge, 2001), p 107
  7. "International Investment", in Research Handbook in International Economic Law (E. Elgar, 2007), p215
  8. The Post-Standard (Syracuse), December 14, 1959, p1