1919 in Germany

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See also:	Other events of 1919 ; History of Germany • Timeline • Years

Last updated January 16, 2024

Events in the year 1919 in Germany .

Incumbents

National level

President - vacant, Friedrich Ebert (Social Democrats) (from 11 February)

Chancellor - Friedrich Ebert (Social Democrats) ("Head of Government") (to 11 February), Philipp Scheidemann (Social Democrats) (to 20 June), Gustav Bauer (Social Democrats) (from 21 June)

Events

5–15 January – Spartacist uprising
19 January – German federal election, 1919
13 February – Scheidemann cabinet are sworn in.
29 March – University of Hamburg is established.
21 June – Bauer cabinet are sworn in.
28 June – The Weimar Republic is forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles under threat of continued Allied advance, which effectively ended World War I.
12 September – Adolf Hitler spies on the German's Worker Party meeting in 1919 for the Reichswehr, also joining the party.^[1]

Undated

Betz's law is published in 1919, by the German physicist Albert Betz. It indicates the maximum power that can be extracted from the wind, independent of the design of a wind turbine in open flow.
Forbo Movement Systems, a manufacturer of conveyor and power transmission belts is founded.^[2]
Münchener Lichtspielkunst AG is founded in Munich.

Births

29 January – Konrad Hesse, German judge (died 2005)
6 March – Michael Karkoc, German war criminal (died 2019)
27 March – Peter Selz, German-born art historian (died 2019)
3 March – Loki Schmidt, German environmentalist, wife of Helmut Schmidt (died 2010)
6 April – Heinz Schimmelpfennig, German actor (died 2010)
23 April – Anne Buydens, Belgian-American actress (died 2021)
3 May – Traute Lafrenz, German-American physician and anthropologist (died 2023)
16 May – Albert Osswald, German politician (died 1996)
19 June - Anneliese Rothenberger, German operatic soprano (died 2010)
7 July – Hans Adolph Buchdahl, German-born Australian physicist (died 2010)
8 July – Walter Scheel, German politician (died 2016)
29 July – Kunigunde Bachl, German physician and politician (died 1994)
31 August – Eric Koch, German-Canadian author, broadcaster and academic (died 2018)
30 August – Wolfgang Wagner, German opera director (died 2010)
5 September – Elisabeth Volkenrath, German Nazi concentration camp supervisor (died 1945)
22 September – Franz Peter Wirth, German film director (died 1999)
29 September – Margot Hielscher, German actress and singer (died 2017)
3 October – Hella Brock, German musicologist (died 2020)
7 October – Annemarie Renger, German politician (died 2008)
6 November – Christoph Probst, German resistance fighter and Catholic martyr (died 1943)^[3]
9 November – John Herberger, German football player and coach (died 2002)
10 November – Kurt Schmücker, German politician (died 1996)
14 November – Lisa Otto, German soprano (died 2013)
30 November – Detlef Kraus, German pianist (died 2008)
31 December – Artur Fischer, German inventor (died 2016)

Deaths

4 January – Georg von Hertling, German politician, Chancellor of Germany (born 1843)
15 January – Rosa Luxemburg, German politician (born 1871)
15 January – Karl Liebknecht, German politician (born 1871)
26 January – Hermann von Bönninghausen, German athlete and World War I veteran (born 1888)
28 January – Franz Mehring, German politician (born 1846)
21 February:
- Kurt Eisner, German journalist and theatre critic (born 1867)
- Louis Tuaillon, German sculptor (born 1862)
24 March – Franz Metzner, German sculptor (born 1870)
25 March – Wilhelm Lehmbruck, German sculptor (born 1881)
28 May – Friedrich Sigmund Merkel German anatomist and histopathologist (born 1845)
7 June – Henning von Holtzendorff, German admiral (born 1853)
2 July – Friedrich Soennecken, German entrepreneur and inventor (born 1848)
15 July – Hermann Emil Fischer, German chemist (born 1852)
19 July – Walter Brack, German swimmer (born 1880)
2 August:
- Christoph Blumhardt, German theologian (born 1842)
- Otto Kissenberth, German World War I flying ace (born 1893)
- Johann von Dallwitz, German politician (born 1855)
9 August – Ernst Haeckel, German biologist, naturalist, philosopher and physician (born 1834)
24 August – Friedrich Naumann, German politician (born 1860)
1 October – Princess Charlotte of Prussia, Prussian princess (born 1860)
7 November – Hugo Haase, German politician (born 1863)
11 November – Felix von Hartmann, German bishop of Roman-Catholic Church (born 1851)
29 November – Fritz Schaper, German sculptor (born 1841)

Related Research Articles

Maximilian, Margrave of Baden, also known as Max von Baden, was a German prince, general, and politician. He was heir presumptive to the throne of the Grand Duchy of Baden, and in October and November 1918 briefly served as the last chancellor of the German Empire and minister-president of Prussia. He sued for peace on Germany's behalf at the end of World War I based on U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points and took steps towards transforming the government into a parliamentary system. As the German Revolution of 1918–1919 spread, he handed over the office of chancellor to SPD Chairman Friedrich Ebert and unilaterally proclaimed the abdication of Emperor Wilhelm II. Both events took place on 9 November 1918, marking the beginning of the Weimar Republic.

Friedrich Ebert was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and the first president of Germany from 1919 until his death in office in 1925.

Philipp Heinrich Scheidemann was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). In the first quarter of the 20th century he played a leading role in both his party and in the young Weimar Republic. During the German Revolution of 1918–1919 that broke out after Germany's defeat in World War I, Scheidemann proclaimed a German Republic from a balcony of the Reichstag building. In 1919 he was elected Reich Minister President by the National Assembly meeting in Weimar to write a constitution for the republic. He resigned the office the same year due to a lack of unanimity in the cabinet on whether or not to accept the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.

The German Revolution of 1918–1919 or November Revolution took place in Germany at the end of the First World War. It began with the downfall of the German Empire and eventually resulted in the establishment of the Weimar Republic. The revolutionary period lasted from November 1918 until the adoption of the Weimar Constitution in August 1919. Among the factors leading to the revolution were the extreme burdens suffered by the German population during the four years of war, the economic and psychological impacts of the German Empire's defeat by the Allies, and growing social tensions between the general population and the aristocratic and bourgeois elite.

Gustav Noske was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). He served as the first Minister of Defence (Reichswehrminister) of the Weimar Republic between 1919 and 1920. Noske was known to use army and paramilitary forces to suppress the socialist/communist uprisings of 1919.

Christoph Ananda Probst was a German student of medicine and member of the White Rose resistance group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hugo Haase</span> German politician, jurist and pacifist

Hugo Haase was a German socialist politician, jurist and pacifist. With Friedrich Ebert, he co-chaired of the Council of the People's Deputies after the German Revolution of 1918–19.

Benno Fritz Paul Alexander Konrad Haenisch was a German Social Democratic Party politician and part of "the radical Marxist Left" of German politics. He was a friend and follower of Alexander Parvus.

Otto Landsberg was a German jurist, politician and diplomat. He was a member of the revolutionary Council of the People's Deputies that took power during the German Revolution of 1918–19 and then served as Minister of Justice in the first democratically elected government of Germany in 1919. In that capacity, he also was a member of the German delegation that went to Versailles to receive the Allies' Treaty of Versailles.

The Weimar National Assembly, officially the German National Constitutional Assembly, was the popularly elected constitutional convention and de facto parliament of Germany from 6 February 1919 to 21 May 1920. As part of its duties as the interim government, it debated and reluctantly approved the Treaty of Versailles that codified the peace terms between Germany and the victorious Allies of World War I. The Assembly drew up and approved the Weimar Constitution that was in force from 1919 to 1933. With its work completed, the National Assembly was dissolved on 21 May 1920. Following the election of 6 June 1920, the new Reichstag met for the first time on 24 June 1920, taking the place of the Assembly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wenzel Jaksch</span>

Wenzel Jaksch was a Sudeten German Social Democrat politician and the president of the Federation of Expellees in 1964 to 1966.

Events from the year 1873 in Germany.

Events in the year 1930 in Germany.

Events from the year 1881 in Germany.

Events in the year 1918 in Germany.

The Bauer cabinet, headed by Gustav Bauer of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), was the second democratically elected government during the Weimar Republic. Bauer's title was minister president until the Weimar Constitution came into force on 14 August 1919, after which he became chancellor of Germany. The cabinet took office on 21 June 1919 when it replaced the Scheidemann cabinet, which had resigned the day before in protest against the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. Although the Weimar Constitution was not in force at the time, the Bauer cabinet is generally counted as the second government of the Weimar Republic.

The Majority Social Democratic Party of Germany was the name officially used by the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) between April 1917 and September 1922. The name differentiated it from the Independent Social Democratic Party, which split from the SPD as a result of the party majority's support of the government during the First World War.

Events from the year 1850 in Germany.

The proclamation of the republic in Germany took place in Berlin twice on 9 November 1918, the first at the Reichstag building by Philipp Scheidemann of the Majority Social Democratic Party of Germany (MSPD) and the second a few hours later by Karl Liebknecht, the leader of the Marxist Spartacus League, at the Berlin Palace.

References

↑ "Adolf Hitler and World War I: 1913–1919".
↑ www.forbo-siegling.com Forbo-Siegling
↑ Jakob Knab: Die innere Vollendung der Person. Christoph Probst. In: Detlef Bald, Jakob Knab (Hrsg.): Die Stärkeren im Geiste. Zum christlichen Widerstand der Weißen Rose. Essen 2012. (in German)

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v t e 1919 in Europe
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