1934 in Germany

Decades:	1910s ; 1920s ; 1930s ; 1940s ; 1950s ;
See also:	Other events of 1934 ; History of Germany • Timeline • Years

Last updated February 13, 2025

Incumbents

National level

Head of State

President:
- Paul von Hindenburg (until 2 August 1934)
- Adolf Hitler (from 2 August 1934; as Führer and Chancellor)
Chancellor:
- Adolf Hitler (Nazi Party)

Events

1 January — Germany passes the "Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring".^[1]
10 January — Marinus van der Lubbe is executed in Germany.
26 January — The 10 year German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact is signed by Germany and the Second Polish Republic.
20 March — All the police forces in Germany come under the command of Heinrich Himmler.
29 May-31 May — The Confessional Synod of the German Evangelical Church meets in Barmen, Germany to write the Barmen Declaration.
30 June —
- The Nazi SA camp Oranienburg becomes a national camp, taken over by the SS.
- Night of the Long Knives: Nazis purge the SA.^[2]
10 July — German Social Democrat and author Erich Mühsam is killed in Oranienburg concentration camp.
2 August — President Paul von Hindenburg dies and Adolf Hitler declares himself Führer of Germany, becoming head of state as well as Chancellor.
19 August — German voters retroactively endorse Hitler's assumption of the powers of head of state in a referendum, with 89.9% in favor; Hitler effectively becomes the absolute dictator of Germany.^[3]
5–10 September — The 6th Nazi Party Congress is held in Nuremberg, attended by about 700,000 Nazi Party supporters and the Leni Riefenstahl film Triumph des Willens is made at this rally.^[4]

Births

1 January - Hans Huber, German boxer
4 January - Hellmuth Karasek, German journalist, literary critic, novelist and author (died 2015)
29 January - Paul Gutama Soegijo, German musician and composer (died 2019)^[5]
8 March - Kurt Mahr, German author (died 1993)
20 March - Peter Berling, German actor (died 2017)
27 March
- Jutta Limbach, German politician and jurist (died 2016)^[6]
- Peter Schamoni, German film director (died 2011)
28 March - Siegfried Thiele, German composer (died 2024)
1 April - Elmar Faber, German book publisher (died 2017)
5 April - Roman Herzog, German politician, President of Germany (died 2017)
13 April - Siegfried Matthus, German composer (died 2021)
27 April - Jürgen Kühling, German judge (died 2019)
6 May - Oskar Gottlieb Blarr, German composer
27 May - Uwe Friedrichsen, German actor (died 2016)
21 June - Josef Stoer, German mathematician
3 July
- Klaus von Beyme, German political scientist (died 2021)
- Berthold Maria Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, German general
10 July - Alfred Biolek, German television presenter (died 2021)
17 July
- Rainer Kirsch, German journalist and writer (died 2015)
- Horst Steinmann, German economist
20 July - Uwe Johnson, German writer (died 1984)
29 July — Albert Speer, Jr., German architect (died 2017)
1 August
- Hermann Baumann, German horn player (died 2023)
- Oskar Negt, German philosopher (died 2024)
29 August
- Gerhard Lohfink, German Catholic priest and theologian (died 2024)^[7]
- Horst Szymaniak, German football player (died 2009)
5 September - Paul Josef Cordes, German cardinal
7 September - Mary Bauermeister, German artist (died 2023)
16 September - Hans A. Engelhard, German jurist and politician (died 2008)
24 September - Manfred Wörner, German politician (died 1994)
7 October — Ulrike Meinhof, German terrorist (died 1976)^[8]
19 October — Eva-Maria Hagen, German actress and singer (died 2022)^[9]
15 November - Martin Bangemann, German politician (died 2022)
21 November - Gerhard Erber, German pianist (died 2021)
24 November - Wolfgang Rademann, German television producer and journalist (died 2016)
29 November - Günter Wewel, German opera singer and television presenter (died 2023)^[10]
30 November - Albert, Margrave of Meissen, German nobleman (died 2012)
1 December - Wilhelm Keim, German chemist (died 2018)
5 December - Eberhard Jüngel, German Lutheran theologian (died 2021)
15 December - Hans-Peter Lehmann, German opera director (died 2025)

Deaths

1 January — Jakob Wassermann, Jewish-German novelist (born 1873)
21 January - Paul Troost, German architect (born 1878)^[11]
29 January - Fritz Haber, German chemist (born 1868)
1 March - Wilhelm Diegelmann, German actor (born 1861)
7 April - Karl von Einem, Prussian Minister of War (born 1853)
10 June - Victor Villiger, Swiss-German chemist (born 1868)
19 June – Prince Bernhard of Lippe (born 1872)
30 June (assassinations associated with The Night of the Long Knives):
- Gregor Strasser, German Imperial soldier and early Nazi (born 1892)
- Kurt von Schleicher, German Imperial general, politician and former Chancellor of Germany (born 1882)
- Gustav Ritter von Kahr, German politician (born 1862)
- Erich Klausener, German Catholic politician (born 1885)
- Herbert von Bose, German politician (born 1893)
- Edmund Heines, Nazi paramilitary (born 1897)
- Ferdinand von Bredow, German Generalmajor, former head of the Abwehr (born 1884)
- Fritz Gerlich, German journalist and historian (born 1883)
- Peter von Heydebreck, German Imperial Army officer and Nazi paramilitary (born 1889)
- Karl Ernst, Nazi paramilitary (born 1904)
July - Karl-Günther Heimsoth, German physician and polygraph (born 1899)
1 July
- Edgar Julius Jung, German lawyer and political activist (born 1894)
- Ernst Röhm, German Imperial Army officer and Nazi paramilitary (born 1887)^[12]
10 July - Erich Mühsam, German poet and playwright (born 1878)
13 July - Fritz Graebner, German ethnologist (born 1877)
2 August — Paul von Hindenburg, German general and politician (born 1847)
15 October - Samuel von Fischer, German publisher (born 1859)
19 October – Alexander von Kluck, German general (born 1846)
20 October — Hans Böhning, World War I German flying ace (born 1893)
12 November - Walther Bensemann, German pioneer of football and founder of the country's major sports publication, Kicker (born 1873)
16 November - Carl von Linde, German engineer and scientist (born 1842)
17 November - Joachim Ringelnatz, German writer (born 1883)
5 December – Oskar von Hutier, German general (born 1857)

References

↑ Proctor, Robert (1988). Racial hygiene: medicine under the Nazis. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. p. 108. ISBN 9780674745780.
↑ "Night of the Long Knives - Summary & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
↑ "Timeline of Events 1933-1938". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum . Washington, DC.
↑ "Document number 2374 through PS-3311-PS" (Document). U.S. Government Printing Office. 1946. p. 811.
↑ Raden, Franki (20 January 2001). "Soegijo, Paul Gutama". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.26092. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.
↑ "Prof. Dr. h.c. mult. Jutta Limbach feiert ihren 80. Geburtstag". Federal Constitutional Court of Germany, Karlsruhe. 26 March 2014. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
↑ Remembering Gerhard Lohfink, who wrote the best book on Jesus I’ve ever read
↑ Boar, Roger (1991). Crooks, crime and corruption. New York: Dorset Press. p. 371. ISBN 9780880296151.
↑ Eva-Maria Hagen, the 'Bardot of the East,' dies at 87
↑ Volkslieder für Millionen: Kammersänger Günter Wewel ist tot (in German)
↑ Kellerhoff, Sven Felix (2004) The Führer Bunker: Hitler's Last Refuge. Berlin: Story Verlag. p.38
↑ Kershaw, Ian (2008). Hitler: A Biography. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 312. ISBN 978-0-393-06757-6.

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[1] Proctor, Robert (1988). Racial hygiene: medicine under the Nazis. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. p. 108. ISBN 9780674745780.

[2] "Night of the Long Knives - Summary & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 June 2018.

[USHMMTOE1933-38-3] "Timeline of Events 1933-1938". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum . Washington, DC.

[4] "Document number 2374 through PS-3311-PS" (Document). U.S. Government Printing Office. 1946. p. 811.

[5] Raden, Franki (20 January 2001). "Soegijo, Paul Gutama". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.26092. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.

[6] "Prof. Dr. h.c. mult. Jutta Limbach feiert ihren 80. Geburtstag". Federal Constitutional Court of Germany, Karlsruhe. 26 March 2014. Retrieved 9 April 2022.

[7] Remembering Gerhard Lohfink, who wrote the best book on Jesus I’ve ever read

[8] Boar, Roger (1991). Crooks, crime and corruption. New York: Dorset Press. p. 371. ISBN 9780880296151.

[9] Eva-Maria Hagen, the 'Bardot of the East,' dies at 87

[10] Volkslieder für Millionen: Kammersänger Günter Wewel ist tot (in German)

[11] Kellerhoff, Sven Felix (2004) The Führer Bunker: Hitler's Last Refuge. Berlin: Story Verlag. p.38

[12] Kershaw, Ian (2008). Hitler: A Biography. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 312. ISBN 978-0-393-06757-6.

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v t e Years in Germany (1871–present)
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