1977 European Athletics Indoor Championships | ||
---|---|---|
Track events | ||
60 m | men | women |
400 m | men | women |
800 m | men | women |
1500 m | men | women |
3000 m | men | |
60 m hurdles | men | women |
Field events | ||
High jump | men | women |
Pole vault | men | |
Long jump | men | women |
Triple jump | men | |
Shot put | men | women |
The women's 800 metres event at the 1977 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held on 12 and 13 March in San Sebastián. [1] [2]
Gold | Silver | Bronze |
Jane Colebrook Great Britain | Totka Petrova Bulgaria | Elżbieta Katolik Poland |
First 2 from each heat (Q) and the next 2 fastest (q) qualified for the final.
Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | Totka Petrova | Bulgaria | 2:02.6 | Q |
2 | 1 | Elżbieta Katolik | Poland | 2:02.9 | Q |
3 | 1 | Jane Colebrook | Great Britain | 2:03.2 | q |
4 | 1 | Brigitte Koczelnik | West Germany | 2:03.8 | q |
5 | 2 | Svetlana Styrkina | Soviet Union | 2:04.0 | Q |
6 | 2 | Svetla Koleva | Bulgaria | 2:04.2 | Q |
7 | 2 | Gisela Klein | West Germany | 2:04.4 | |
8 | 1 | Anne-Marie Van Nuffel | Belgium | 2:05.0 | |
9 | 1 | Chantal Aubry | France | 2:06.1 | |
10 | 2 | Irén Lipcsei | Hungary | 2:06.5 | |
11 | 2 | Colette Besson | France | 2:06.9 |
Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jane Colebrook | Great Britain | 2:01.12 | WR , CR | |
Totka Petrova | Bulgaria | 2:01.17 | ||
Elżbieta Katolik | Poland | 2:01.3 | ||
4 | Svetlana Styrkina | Soviet Union | 2:01.4 | |
5 | Svetla Koleva | Bulgaria | 2:02.2 | |
6 | Brigitte Koczelnik | West Germany | 2:05.6 |
In mathematics, the associative property is a property of some binary operations, which means that rearranging the parentheses in an expression will not change the result. In propositional logic, associativity is a valid rule of replacement for expressions in logical proofs.
In mathematics, a finite field or Galois field is a field that contains a finite number of elements. As with any field, a finite field is a set on which the operations of multiplication, addition, subtraction and division are defined and satisfy certain basic rules. The most common examples of finite fields are given by the integers mod p when p is a prime number.
The Mandelbrot set is the set of complex numbers for which the function does not diverge to infinity when iterated from , i.e., for which the sequence , , etc., remains bounded in absolute value.
RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman) is a public-key cryptosystem that is widely used for secure data transmission. It is also one of the oldest. The acronym "RSA" comes from the surnames of Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard Adleman, who publicly described the algorithm in 1977. An equivalent system was developed secretly in 1973 at GCHQ by the English mathematician Clifford Cocks. That system was declassified in 1997.
In statistics, the standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values. A low standard deviation indicates that the values tend to be close to the mean of the set, while a high standard deviation indicates that the values are spread out over a wider range.
An electric field is the physical field that surrounds electrically charged particles and exerts force on all other charged particles in the field, either attracting or repelling them. It also refers to the physical field for a system of charged particles. Electric fields originate from electric charges, or from time-varying magnetic fields. Electric fields and magnetic fields are both manifestations of the electromagnetic force, one of the four fundamental forces of nature.
Division is one of the four basic operations of arithmetic, the ways that numbers are combined to make new numbers. The other operations are addition, subtraction, and multiplication.
In physics, a phonon is a collective excitation in a periodic, elastic arrangement of atoms or molecules in condensed matter, specifically in solids and some liquids. Often referred to as a quasiparticle, it is an excited state in the quantum mechanical quantization of the modes of vibrations for elastic structures of interacting particles. Phonons can be thought of as quantized sound waves, similar to photons as quantized light waves.
Exclusive or or exclusive disjunction is a logical operation that is true if and only if its arguments differ.
Capacitance is the ratio of the amount of electric charge stored on a conductor to a difference in electric potential. There are two closely related notions of capacitance: self capacitance and mutual capacitance. Any object that can be electrically charged exhibits self capacitance. In this case the electric potential difference is measured between the object and ground. A material with a large self capacitance holds more electric charge at a given potential difference than one with low capacitance. The notion of mutual capacitance is particularly important for understanding the operations of the capacitor, one of the three elementary linear electronic components. In a typical capacitor, two conductors are used to separate electric charge, with one conductor being positively charged and the other negatively charged, but the system having a total charge of zero. The ratio in this case is the magnitude of the electric charge on either conductor and the potential difference is that measured between the two conductors.
Hamiltonian mechanics emerged in 1833 as a reformulation of Lagrangian mechanics. Introduced by Sir William Rowan Hamilton, Hamiltonian mechanics replaces (generalized) velocities used in Lagrangian mechanics with (generalized) momenta. Both theories provide interpretations of classical mechanics and describe the same physical phenomena.
In mathematics, a binary operation is commutative if changing the order of the operands does not change the result. It is a fundamental property of many binary operations, and many mathematical proofs depend on it. Most familiar as the name of the property that says something like "3 + 4 = 4 + 3" or "2 × 5 = 5 × 2", the property can also be used in more advanced settings. The name is needed because there are operations, such as division and subtraction, that do not have it ; such operations are not commutative, and so are referred to as noncommutative operations. The idea that simple operations, such as the multiplication and addition of numbers, are commutative was for many years implicitly assumed. Thus, this property was not named until the 19th century, when mathematics started to become formalized. A corresponding property exists for binary relations; a binary relation is said to be symmetric if the relation applies regardless of the order of its operands; for example, equality is symmetric as two equal mathematical objects are equal regardless of their order.
Quantitative genetics deals with phenotypes that vary continuously —as opposed to discretely identifiable phenotypes and gene-products.
In motorsports, the pole position is the position at the front at the start of a racing event. This position may be inside or outside of the front row, depending on where the racing line is on the particular circuit, but it will always be ahead of the other vehicle(s) on the front row. This position is typically given to the vehicle and driver with the best qualifying time in the trials before the race. This number-one qualifying driver is referred to as the pole-sitter.
In mathematics, a rational number is a number that can be expressed as the quotient or fraction p/q of two integers, a numerator p and a non-zero denominator q. For example, −3/7 is a rational number, as is every integer. The set of all rational numbers, also referred to as "the rationals", the field of rationals or the field of rational numbers is usually denoted by a boldface Q ; it was thus denoted in 1895 by Giuseppe Peano after quoziente, Italian for "quotient", and first appeared in Bourbaki's Algèbre.
Introduced by the Italian-French mathematician and astronomer Joseph-Louis Lagrange in 1788 from his work Mécanique analytique, Lagrangian mechanics is a formulation of classical mechanics and is founded on the stationary action principle.
A truth table is a mathematical table used in logic—specifically in connection with Boolean algebra, boolean functions, and propositional calculus—which sets out the functional values of logical expressions on each of their functional arguments, that is, for each combination of values taken by their logical variables. In particular, truth tables can be used to show whether a propositional expression is true for all legitimate input values, that is, logically valid.
Coulomb's law, or Coulomb's inverse-square law, is an experimental law of physics that quantifies the amount of force between two stationary, electrically charged particles. The electric force between charged bodies at rest is conventionally called electrostatic force or Coulomb force. Although the law was known earlier, it was first published in 1785 by French physicist Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, hence the name. Coulomb's law was essential to the development of the theory of electromagnetism, maybe even its starting point, as it made it possible to discuss the quantity of electric charge in a meaningful way.