1985 in archaeology

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The year 1985 in archaeology involved some significant events.

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Excavations

Explorations

Finds

Publications

Events

Deaths

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maritime archaeology</span> Archaeological study of human interaction with the sea

Maritime archaeology is a discipline within archaeology as a whole that specifically studies human interaction with the sea, lakes and rivers through the study of associated physical remains, be they vessels, shore-side facilities, port-related structures, cargoes, human remains and submerged landscapes. A specialty within maritime archaeology is nautical archaeology, which studies ship construction and use.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Ballard</span> Retired US Navy officer and professor of oceanography

Robert Duane Ballard is an American retired Navy officer and a professor of oceanography at the University of Rhode Island who is noted for his work in underwater archaeology and marine geology. He is best known by the general public for the discoveries of the wrecks of the RMS Titanic in 1985, the battleship Bismarck in 1989, and the aircraft carrier USS Yorktown in 1998. He discovered the wreck of John F. Kennedy's PT-109 in 2002 and visited Biuku Gasa and Eroni Kumana, who saved its crew.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hoard</span> Collection of valuable objects or artifacts

A hoard or "wealth deposit" is an archaeological term for a collection of valuable objects or artifacts, sometimes purposely buried in the ground, in which case it is sometimes also known as a cache. This would usually be with the intention of later recovery by the hoarder; hoarders sometimes died or were unable to return for other reasons before retrieving the hoard, and these surviving hoards might then be uncovered much later by metal detector hobbyists, members of the public, and archaeologists.

The year 2000 in archaeology included many events, some of which are listed below.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grange, County Sligo</span> Village in Connacht, Ireland

Grange is a village on the N15 national primary road in County Sligo, Ireland. It is located between Benbulben mountain and the Atlantic Ocean. Streedagh, a townland near Grange, is the location of a large sandy beach, three Armada wrecks and a salt water lagoon that is an area of Special Conservation. Streedagh strand is also a surfing destination.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rosses Point</span> Peninsula and village in County Sligo, Ireland

Rosses Point is a village in County Sligo, Ireland and also the name of the surrounding peninsula.

The year 1988 in archaeology involved some significant events.

The Spanish Armada in Ireland refers to the landfall made upon the coast of Ireland in September 1588 of a large portion of the 130-strong fleet sent by Philip II to invade England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Archaeology of shipwrecks</span> Study of human activity through the analysis of shipwreck artifacts

The archaeology of shipwrecks is the field of archaeology specialized most commonly in the study and exploration of shipwrecks. Its techniques combine those of archaeology with those of diving to become Underwater archaeology. However, shipwrecks are discovered on what have become terrestrial sites.

The year 2007 in archaeology

The year 2009 in archaeology

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ma'agan Michael Ship</span>

The Ma'agan Michael Ship is a well-preserved 5th-century BCE boat discovered off the coast of Kibbutz Ma'agan Michael, Israel, in 1985. The ship was excavated and its timber immersed in preservation tanks at the University of Haifa, undergoing a seven-year process of impregnation by heated polyethylene glycol (PEG). In March 1999, the boat was reassembled and transferred to a dedicated wing built at the Hecht Museum, on the grounds of the university. The boat has provided researchers with insights into ancient methods of shipbuilding and the evolution of anchors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Sténuit</span> Belgian journalist, writer, underwater archeologist and the first aquanaut.

Robert Pierre André Sténuit is a Belgian journalist, writer, and underwater archeologist. In 1962 he spent 24 hours on the floor of the Mediterranean Sea in the submersible "Link Cylinder" developed by Edwin Link, thus becoming the world's first aquanaut.

La Juliana was a merchant vessel launched in 1570 near Barcelona, Spain. King Philip II commandeered her on 15 December 1586 at Sicily, and had her armed with 32 guns for the Spanish Armada. In 1985, local divers found the wreckage of three vessels of the Armada that had been driven ashore in autumn 1588 at Streedagh Strand, north of the Rosses Point Peninsula on the west coast of Ireland. Two were identified as La Lavia and the La Santa Maria de Vison; La Juliana was probably the third, but that identity was less certain. The three vessels had been part of the Levant squadron, which had been under the command of Don Martin de Bertendona in La Regazona. La Lavia was the vice flagship.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Streedagh Armada wrecksite</span>

The Streedagh Armada wrecksite is the site of three shipwrecks of the Spanish Armada at Streedagh beach in north County Sligo, in northwest Ireland. The three ships are La Lavia, La Juliana, and the Santa Maria de Visón. All were part of the Levant squadron of the armada. The Lavia was the almiranta, or vice flagship of the fleet and carried the Judge Advocate General, Martin de Aranda, responsible for the discipline of the armada.

The Santa Maria de Vison was a Mediterranean merchantman built in Ragusa and requisitioned in 1587 for service in the Armada of 1588. She was a large carrack and displaced 666 tons and carried 18 guns.

La Lavia was a Venetian merchantman. She was a class of ship known as a carrack often used as merchant ships due to their capacious holds. She was requisitioned at Lisbon for service in the Spanish armada of 1588. She was wrecked on 22 September on the coast of Cairbre, now county Sligo in northwest Ireland, along with two other ships, La Juliana and Santa Maria de Vison.

This page lists major events of 2019 in archaeology.

This page lists major events of 2020 in archaeology.

Pedro Blanco was a Spanish seaman, manservant and survivor of the Spanish Armada. After his shipwreck in Ireland, he became an aide to Hugh O'Neill during the Nine Years' War. He later took part in the Flight of the Earls.

References

  1. "SS Xantho - Western Australian Museum". Western Australian Museum. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
  2. Alfred, Randy (2008-02-09). "September 2, 1985: Hey, Everyone, We Found the Titanic". Wired. Retrieved 2011-11-03.
  3. Ballard, Robert D. (December 1985). "How We Found the Titanic". National Geographic . 168 (6): 696–718.
  4. Clottes, Jean; Courtin, Jean (1994). La grotte Cosquer (in French). Seuil. ISBN   2-02-019820-7.
  5. "The Spanish Armada in Sligo" . Retrieved 2012-11-21.
  6. Birch, Steven; McElvogue, D. M. (1999). "La Lavia, La Juliana and the Santa Maria de Vison: three Spanish Armada transports lost off Streedagh Strand, Co Sligo: an interim report". International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. 28 (3): 265–276. doi:10.1111/j.1095-9270.1999.tb00836.x.
  7. "The Shipwreck at Ma'agan Mikhael (ca. 400 BC.)". ΣΑΜΑΙΝΑ. Archived from the original on 2012-03-30. Retrieved 2011-08-13.
  8. "Viking Dig Reports". BBC . Retrieved 2011-11-03.
  9. "Magic, Medicine and the Middleham Jewel". www.english-heritage.org.uk. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
  10. Haw, Stephen G. (July 2013). "The Mongol Empire: the first 'gunpowder empire'?". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society . 23 (3): 441–469. doi:10.1017/S1356186313000369. S2CID   162200994.
  11. "London's Roman Amphitheatre - Guildhall Galleries - City of London". www.cityoflondon.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  12. Breeze, David J. (2006). Handbook to the Roman Wall (14th rev. ed.). Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne. pp. 150–151. ISBN   0-901082-65-1.