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Maritime archaeology is a discipline within archaeology as a whole that specifically studies human interaction with the sea, lakes and rivers through the study of associated physical remains, be they vessels, shore-side facilities, port-related structures, cargoes, human remains and submerged landscapes. A specialty within maritime archaeology is nautical archaeology, which studies ship construction and use.
Vindolanda was a Roman auxiliary fort (castrum) just south of Hadrian's Wall in northern England, which it originally pre-dated. Archaeological excavations of the site show it was under Roman occupation from roughly 85 AD to 370 AD. Located near the modern village of Bardon Mill in Northumberland, it guarded the Stanegate, the Roman road from the River Tyne to the Solway Firth. It is noted for the Vindolanda tablets, a set of wooden leaf-tablets that were, at the time of their discovery, the oldest surviving handwritten documents in Britain.
The year 2000 in archaeology included many events, some of which are listed below.
The year 1999 in archaeology involved some significant events.
The year 1972 in archaeology involved some significant events.
The year 1906 in archaeology involved some significant events.
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Eric Barff Birley,, was a British historian and archaeologist, particularly associated with the excavation of the forts of Hadrian's Wall, notably at Vindolanda. He was born in Eccles, Lancashire, England, on 12 January 1906. He died at Carvoran House, Greenhead, Northumberland, England, on 20 October 1995, age 89.
Anthony Richard Birley was a British ancient historian, archaeologist and academic. He was the son of Margaret Isabel (Goodlet) and historian and archaeologist Eric Birley.
Milecastle 19 was a milecastle of the Roman Hadrian's Wall. Sited just to the east of the hamlet of Matfen Piers, the milecastle is today covered by the B6318 Military Road. The milecastle is notable for the discovery of an altar by Eric Birley in the 1930s. An inscription on the altar is one of the few dedications to a mother goddess found in Roman Britain, and was made by members of the First Cohort of Varduli from northern Spain. The presence of the Vardulians at this milecastle has led to debate amongst archaeologists over the origins of troops used to garrison the wall. A smaller altar was found at one of the two associated turrets.
The year 2011 in archaeology
Innes McCartney is a British nautical archaeologist and historian and a Research Fellow at Bournemouth University.
Brian Dobson was an English archaeologist, teacher and scholar. His specialisms were Hadrian's Wall and the Roman Army. He studied under Eric Birley and is a member of the so-called 'Durham School' of archaeology. He was a Reader Emeritus of Durham University.
David John Breeze, OBE, FSA, FRSE, HonFSAScot, Hon MIFA is a British archaeologist, teacher and scholar of Hadrian's Wall, the Antonine Wall and the Roman army. He studied under Eric Birley and is a member of the so-called "Durham School" of archaeology. He was a close friend and colleague of the late Dr Brian Dobson.
This page lists major archaeological events of 2015.
This page lists major archaeological events of 2017.
This page lists major archaeological events of 2018.
Brenda Swinbank is an English archaeologist, one of the first women in Britain to become a professional archaeologist. She specialised in studying Hadrian's Wall, and was instrumental in bringing to publication excavations under York Minster.
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References
- ↑ "Empire Heritage (Convoy HXF 305)". Deep Image UK. 2002–2011. Archived from the original on 2012-07-12. Retrieved 2012-07-13.
- ↑ "Obituary: Professor Eric Birley" . The Independent. 26 October 1995. Archived from the original on 2022-05-01. Retrieved 30 May 2017.