1994 in archaeology

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The year 1994 in archaeology involved some significant events.

Excavations

• National Institute of Anthropology and History excavations at Maya site of Chacchoben begin
• Ruth Shady's work on the Norte Chico civilization site at Caral in Peru begins
• Martin Carver's excavations of an early medieval Pictish monastery at Portmahomack, Scotland, begin
• Jeffrey P. Brain begins work on the Popham Colony ^[1]

Publications

• Alan K. Bowman – Life and Letters on the Roman Frontier: Vindolanda and its People (British Museum).
• Marc Bermann – Lukurmata: Household Archaeology in Prehispanic Bolivia (Princeton University Press).
• Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Paolo Menozzi and Alberto Piazza – The History and Geography of Human Genes (Princeton University Press).
• Gillian Hutchinson – Medieval Ships and Shipping (Leicester University Press).
• Naomi F. Miller and Kathryn L. Gleason (ed.) – The Archaeology of Garden and Field (University of Pennsylvania Press).
• John Schofield and Alan Vince – Medieval Towns (Leicester University Press).

Finds

• 26 June – British submarine HMS Vandal, lost on sea trials in 1943, ^[2] is rediscovered in the Sound of Bute off the west coast of Scotland. ^[3]
• Late – Marine archaeologists led by Jean-Yves Empereur find remains of the Lighthouse of Alexandria in Egypt. ^[4]
• December
  • Spotted horses and human hands, Pech Merle cave, Dordogne, France (painted c. 16000 BC).
  • Wall painting with horses, rhinoceroses and aurochs, Chauvet Cave, Vallon-Pont-d'Arc, Ardèche Gorges, France (made c. 25,000–17,000 BC).
• Kafkania pebble.
• Moroccan gold coins and jewellery discovered at Salcombe Cannon Wreck site off the coast of south-west England.
• Diver Colin Martin discovers the wreck of the Hanover (built 1757) off the coast of Cornwall.
• Sannai-Maruyama Site discovered at Aomori, northern Honshu, Japan (mainly of Jōmon period).
• Recovery of Homo antecessor skeletal remains from the Trinchera Dolina at the archaeological site of Atapuerca in northern Spain begins; these are the oldest known hominid fossils found in western Europe (between 850,000 and 780,000 years old).
• 'Ardi', the fossilized skeletal remains of a female Ardipithecus ramidus , discovered at Aramis, Ethiopia, in the Afar Depression, the oldest known hominid fossil (4.4 million years old).
• First of the Schöningen spears. ^[5]

Other events

• 16 January – British archaeological television series Time Team first shown on Channel 4.
• 12 March – Kabul Museum building hit by rocket fire and destroyed.
• ASPRO chronology published. ^[6]
• The British Library acquires the Kharosti scrolls, the oldest collection of Buddhist manuscripts in the world.

Deaths

• 10 March – Rupert Bruce-Mitford, English archaeologist (b. 1914)
• 27 March – Elisabeth Schmid, German archaeologist and osteologist (b. 1912) ^[7]
• 8 September – Margaret Guido, English archaeologist (b. 1912)
• 10 October – Richard J. C. Atkinson, English archaeologist and prehistorian (b. 1920) ^[8]

References

1. Woodard, Colin (August 15, 2007). "Popham, Maine's 'lost' colony, to get its modest due". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
2. MacKinnon, Angus (2010). "The Loss of HM Submarine Vandal (P64) off the Isle of Arran in 1943". ClydeMaritime. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
3. "HMS/M Vandal: Inchmarnock Water, Sound of Bute, Firth of Clyde". Canmore . Edinburgh: Historic Environment Scotland. 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
4. "Treasures of the Sunken City". Nova . November 1997. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
5. Conard, Nicholas J.; Serangeli, Jordi; Bigga, Gerlinde; Rots, Veerle (May 2020). "A 300,000-year-old throwing stick from Schöningen, northern Germany, documents the evolution of human hunting" . Nature Ecology & Evolution. 4 (5): 690–693. Bibcode:2020NatEE...4..690C. doi:10.1038/s41559-020-1139-0. ISSN   2397-334X. PMID   32313174. S2CID   216033478.
6. "ASPRO: Atlas des Sites du Proche-Orient". Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée Jean Pouilloux. 11 June 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
7. Ogilvie, Marilyn; Harvey, Joy (2003). The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: Pioneering Lives From Ancient Times to the Mid-20th Century. Routledge. ISBN   9781135963422.
8. "Obituary: Professor Richard Atkinson" . The Independent. 17 October 1994. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2017.