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Maritime archaeology is a discipline within archaeology as a whole that specifically studies human interaction with the sea, lakes and rivers through the study of associated physical remains, be they vessels, shore-side facilities, port-related structures, cargoes, human remains and submerged landscapes. A specialty within maritime archaeology is nautical archaeology, which studies ship construction and use.
The year 2000 in archaeology included many events, some of which are listed below.
The year 1996 in archaeology involved some significant events.
The year 1998 in archaeology involved some significant events.
Sharuhen was an ancient town in the Negev Desert or perhaps in Gaza. Following the expulsion of the Hyksos from Egypt in the second half of the 16th century BCE, they fled to Sharuhen and fortified it. The armies of Pharaoh Ahmose I seized and razed the town after a three-year siege.
Treasure hunting is the physical search for treasure. For example, treasure salvors try to find sunken shipwrecks and retrieve artifacts with archaeological value. In many instances, it takes treasure salvors months or years of searching before they even find the lost ship(s) for which they are searching. It is a very expensive process which is why archaeologists rely on treasure salvors for the information recovered. In many instances, discovery of a wreck only occurs after searching tens of thousands of nautical miles and recovery would be impossible for archaeologists due to the depth of the wreck. In Florida, treasure salvors generously donate 20% of material found on each site to the state for display in museums while also meticulously cataloguing each artifact for archaeologists and contributing much knowledge to the understanding of the wreck itself.
Wadi Gaza and Besor Stream are parts of a river system in the Gaza Strip and Negev region of Palestine and Israel. Wadi Gaza is a wadi that divides the northern and southern ends of the Gaza Strip, its major tributary is Besor Steam. In 2022 work began to rehabilitate Wadi Gaza Nature Reserve.
Tall al-Ajjul or Tell el-'Ajul is an archaeological mound or tell in the Gaza Strip. The fortified city excavated at the site dates as far back as ca. 2000–1800 BCE and was inhabited during the Bronze Age. It is located at the mouth of Wadi Ghazzah just south of the town of Gaza.
Tell es-Sakan is a tell about 5 km south of Gaza City in what is today the Gaza Strip, on the northern bank of Wadi Ghazzeh. It was the site of two separate Early Bronze Age urban settlements: an earlier one representing the fortified administrative center of the Egyptian colonies in southwestern Palestine from the end of the 4th millennium, and a later, local Canaanite fortified city of the third millennium. The location at the mouth of what was probably a palaeochannel of the river, allowed it to develop as an important maritime settlement with a natural harbour. Its geographical location endowed it with a position of importance at the crossroads of land-based trade routes between the Canaan region, the Old Kingdom of Egypt, and Arabia. As of 2000, the early Egyptian settlement was the oldest fortified site known to researchers in both Egypt and Palestine.
Peter M. Fischer is an Austrian-Swedish archaeologist. He is a specialist on Eastern Mediterranean and Near Eastern archaeology, and archaeometry. He belongs to the University of Gothenburg and is associated with the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Sweden. He is the founder and director of the Swedish Jordan Expedition, the Palestinian-Swedish Expedition at Tall al-Ajjul, Gaza. He became the director of the Swedish Cyprus Expedition in 2009 and carried out excavations at Hala Sultan Tekke since 2010. He is member/corresponding member of The Royal Society of Arts and Sciences in Gothenburg, Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities. and The Austrian Academy of Sciences.
Honor Frost was a pioneer in the field of underwater archaeology, who led many Mediterranean archaeological investigations, especially in Lebanon, and was noted for her typology of stone anchors and skills in archaeological illustration.
Innes McCartney is a British nautical archaeologist and historian. He is a Visiting Fellow at Bournemouth University in the UK.
This page lists major archaeological events of 2015.
This page lists major archaeological events of 2016.
This page lists major archaeological events of 2017.
This page lists major archaeological events of 2018.
This page lists major events of 2019 in archaeology.
This page lists significant events of 2022 in archaeology.
Moain Sadeq is a Palestinian-Canadian archaeologist specialising in the archaeology of Gaza. He teaches at Qatar University and has worked at colleges in Canada. After completing a doctorate at the Free University of Berlin, Sadeq co-founded the Faculty of Education in Gaza, which later became Al-Aqsa University. In 1994, Sadeq co-founded the Department of Antiquities of Gaza. While working at department, Sadeq jointly led excavations at Tell es-Sakan and Tell el-‘Ajjul.
Al-Moghraqa is a Bronze Age former settlement in Gaza Governorate of the Gaza Strip in Palestine. It was discovered in 1996 in the town of Al-Mughraqa and investigated in 1999 and 2000 as part of the Gaza Research Project. The site was inhabited in the early 2nd millennium BC, and may have been associated with the nearby settlement of Tell el-Ajjul, which was inhabited at around the same time.
References
- ↑ kmtsesh (February 18, 2012). "The Osiris Shaft: a Giza cenotaph". Ancient Near East: Just the Facts. Retrieved October 24, 2019.
- ↑ Miroschedji, Pierre de; Sadek, Moain (2000). "Tell es-Sakan, un site du Bronze ancien découvert dans la région de Gaza (information)". Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (in French). 144 (1): 127. doi:10.3406/crai.2000.16103. ISSN 0065-0536.
- ↑ Fischer, Peter M.; Sadeq, Moain (2000). "Tell El-ʿajjul 1999: A Joint Palestinian-Swedish Field Project: First Season Preliminary Report". Ägypten und Levante / Egypt and the Levant. 10: 211. JSTOR 23783495.
- ↑ Reistad, Helena (June 14, 2002). "Silverskörd. Vi har tre månader på oss att se världens största vikingatida silverskatt – sedan åker den tillbaka till Gotland" [Silver harvest. We have three months to see it – after that it goes back to Gotland]. Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). Retrieved April 18, 2015.
- ↑ "Nebra Sky Disc". Memory of the World . UNESCO. June 2013. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
one of the most important archaeological finds of the twentieth century.
- ↑ Cussler, Clive; Delgado, James P. (2004). Adventures of a Sea Hunter: In Search of Famous Shipwrecks. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre. p. 85. ISBN 9781553650713.
- ↑ McCartney, Innes (2002). Lost Patrols: Submarine Wrecks of the English Channel. Penzance: Periscope. ISBN 9781904381044.
- ↑ Van Den Boogaerde, Pierre (2011). Shipwrecks of Madagascar. Strategic Book Publishing. ISBN 9781612043395.
- ↑ Mignone, Pablo (May 20, 2013). ""El camino hacia el Santuario Incaico del Llullaillaco": el complejo arqueológico más alto del mundo analizado a través de un SIG". Virtual Archaeology Review. 4 (8): 145–154. doi: 10.4995/var.2013.4356 .
- ↑ Baker, Dorie (December 13, 1999 – January 17, 2000). "Finding sheds new light on the alphabet's origins". Yale Bulletin and Calendar. 28 (16). Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved March 16, 2012.
- ↑ "Alphabet Originated Centuries Earlier Than Previously Thought". Science Daily . November 22, 1999. Retrieved March 16, 2012.
- ↑ "'Oldest sculpture' found in Morocco". BBC News. May 23, 2003. Retrieved June 8, 2017.
- ↑ "You won't believe what they found under the sea!". Geeks VIP. July 12, 2015. Archived from the original on August 14, 2018.
- ↑ "The Athlete of Croatia: a bronze youth from the sea". The British Museum. Retrieved June 8, 2017.
- ↑ Farnaz Broushaki (2016). "Early Neolithic genomes from the eastern Fertile Crescent". Science. 353 (6298): 499–503. Bibcode:2016Sci...353..499B. doi:10.1126/science.aaf7943. PMC 5113750 . PMID 27417496.
- ↑ "Yury Valentinovich Knorozov - Russian linguist". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
- ↑ Welch, Martin (June 23, 1999). "Obituary: Sonia Chadwick Hawkes". The Independent. Retrieved January 28, 2023.
- ↑ Birley, Anthony (July 22, 1999). "Barri Jones". The Guardian. Retrieved April 17, 2017.