1988 Great Britain Lions tour

Last updated

1988 Great Britain Lions tour
Date22 May 1988 – 19 July 1988
Manager Les Bettinson
Coach(es) Mal Reilly
Tour captain(s) Ellery Hanley
Top point scorer(s) Paul Loughlin (90)
Top try scorer(s) Martin Offiah (19)
Summary
PWDL
Total
18 110007
Test match
05020003
Opponent
PWDL
Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea
1 1 0 0
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia
3 1 0 2
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand
1 0 0 1
Tour chronology
Previous tour 1984
Next tour 1990

The 1988 Great Britain Lions tour was the Great Britain national rugby league team's 18th tour of Australasia and took place from May to July 1988. It started with a Test match against Papua New Guinea before the best-of-three series against Australia for the Ashes title, and finally a Test against New Zealand. Some of these matches counted toward the ongoing 1985–1988 World Cup tournament. An additional 13 matches were played against local club and representative sides from each host nation.

Contents

Background

The tour took place after Britain's 1987–88 Rugby Football League season. A 16-man British press party - the largest ever - accompanied the team through Papua New Guinea, Australia and New Zealand. [1]

Touring squad

Mal Reilly was the British team's coach. The assistant coach was British Amateur Rugby League Association (BARLA) and RFL Coaching Director Phil Larder. The tour manager was Les Bettinson. The touring side's captain was Ellery Hanley, who was signed by Sydney club the Balmain Tigers to play the remaining rounds of the 1988 NSWRFL season once his representative commitments were fulfilled. [2] It was also announced during the tour that Kevin Ward, who had played in Manly-Warringah's 1987 premiership winning team, would rejoin the Sea Eagles for the remainder of their season once the tour was completed. [3]

An initial 23-man squad for the tour was selected in April 1988, with an additional three players to be selected from a "train-on" squad. [4] Andy Goodway withdrew from the tour due to "business commitments", and was replaced by Roy Haggerty. [5] Des Drummond was removed from the squad after allegedly punching a spectator who rushed onto the pitch shouting racial abuse during the British season. [6] Carl Gibson was selected as his replacement. [7] Steve Hampson withdrew due to injury, [8] and Joe Lydon was dropped for allegedly assaulting a spectator. [9]

NamePositionClubAppsTestsTriesGoalsDrop goalsPointsNotes
Kevin Beardmore Forward Castleford colours.svg Castleford 940000
Brian Case Forward Wigancolours.svg Wigan 820000
Lee Crooks Forward Rhinoscolours.svg Leeds 5005010 [a]
Andy Currier Forward Widnes colours.svg Widnes 5035022 [b]
Paul Dixon Forward Faxcolours.svg Halifax 831004 [a]
Shaun Edwards Half Wigancolours.svg Wigan 110000 [c]
Richard Eyres Forward Widnes colours.svg Widnes 301004 [a]
Karl Fairbank Forward Bullscolours.svg Bradford Northern 10060024
Mike Ford Half Oldhamcolours.svg Oldham 7050020
Phil Ford Back Bullscolours.svg Bradford Northern 13591038
Carl Gibson Back Rhinoscolours.svg Leeds 1002008
Henderson Gill Wing Wigancolours.svg Wigan 12470028
Andy Gregory Half Wigancolours.svg Wigan 850000
Mike Gregory Forward Wolvescolours.svg Warrington 10550020
Paul Groves Forward Saintscolours.svg St Helens 801004
Roy Haggerty Forward Saintscolours.svg St Helens 700000
Ellery Hanley (c)Utility Wigancolours.svg Wigan 11580032
David Hulme Half Widnes colours.svg Widnes 1351004
Paul Hulme Forward Widnes colours.svg Widnes 730000 [d]
John Joyner Utility Castleford colours.svg Castleford 300000 [a]
Paul Loughlin Back Saintscolours.svg St Helens 135143090
Paul Medley Forward Rhinoscolours.svg Leeds 5130012 [d]
Martin Offiah Wing Widnes colours.svg Widnes 134190076
Andy Platt Forward Saintscolours.svg St Helens 520000 [a]
Roy Powell Forward Rhinoscolours.svg Leeds 1441004
Garry Schofield Back Rhinoscolours.svg Leeds 5251022 [b]
David Stephenson Back Rhinoscolours.svg Leeds 114113030
Hugh Waddell Forward Oldhamcolours.svg Oldham 1320000
Kevin Ward Forward Castleford colours.svg Castleford 1051004
Ian Wilkinson Back Rhinoscolours.svg Leeds 600000
Darren Wright Back Widnes colours.svg Widnes 820000 [c]

Papua New Guinea

The Lions played only two games in Papua New Guinea, winning both of them.

Sunday, 22 May
Papua New Guinea  Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg22 – 42Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
3 Tries:
Dairi Kovae (2)
Arnold Krewanty
Isaac Rop


3 Goals:
Bal Numapo (3)
[14]
7 Tries:
Henderson Gill (2)
Garry Schofield (2)
Mike Gregory
Paul Medley
David Stephenson
Goals:
Paul Loughlin (7)
Lloyd Robson Oval, Port Moresby
Attendance: 12,107 [15]
Referee: Greg McCallum Flag of Australia (converted).svg
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Papua New Guinea
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Great Britain
FB1 Papua New Guinea colours.svg Dairi Kovae
RW2 Papua New Guinea colours.svg Kepi Saea
CE3 Papua New Guinea colours.svg Mea Morea
CE4 Papua New Guinea colours.svg Bal Numapo (c)
LW5 Papua New Guinea colours.svg Arnold Krewanty
FE6 Papua New Guinea colours.svg Darius Haili
HB7 Papua New Guinea colours.svg Tony Kila
PR8 Papua New Guinea colours.svg Isaac Rop
HK9 Papua New Guinea colours.svg Michael Matmillo
PR10 Papua New Guinea colours.svg Yer Bom
SR11 Papua New Guinea colours.svg Mathias Kombra
SR12 Papua New Guinea colours.svg Tuiyo Evei
LK13 Papua New Guinea colours.svg Haoda Kouoru
Substitutions:
IC14 Papua New Guinea colours.svg Thomas Rombuk
IC15 Papua New Guinea colours.svg Ngala Lapan
Coach:
Flag of New Zealand.svg Barry Wilson
FB1 Saintscolours.svg Paul Loughlin
RW2 Bullscolours.svg Phil Ford
CE3 Rhinoscolours.svg Garry Schofield
CE4 Rhinoscolours.svg David Stephenson
LW5 Wigancolours.svg Henderson Gill
SO6 Wigancolours.svg Shaun Edwards
SH7 Wigancolours.svg Andy Gregory
PR8 Castleford colours.svg Kevin Ward
HK9 Castleford colours.svg Kevin Beardmore
PR10 Wigancolours.svg Brian Case
SR11 Rhinoscolours.svg Paul Medley
SR12 Wolvescolours.svg Mike Gregory
LF13 Wigancolours.svg Ellery Hanley (c)
Substitutions:
IC14 Widnes colours.svg David Hulme
IC15 Rhinoscolours.svg Paul Dixon
Coach:
Flag of England.svg Mal Reilly

The result of this match counted towards the 1985–1988 World Cup tournament, the final of which was to be played later in the year. The first Test of the tour was played in 38 degree heat with fans clustered in trees and clinging to lights around the ground. [16] 21-year-old Shaun Edwards, the youngest member of the touring party, damaged his knee after six minutes of the match and it was feared that he would miss the rest of the tour. [17] By half time Great Britain were leading 28–6. Garry Schofield scored his 17th try in 18 Test matches for Great Britain, and captain Ellery Hanley made three try-saving tackles. [18]

After the match Edwards was flown to Sydney to undergo surgery on his knee's cartilage due to the injury he sustained while playing in this match. [17]


Tuesday, 24 May
Highland Division Brothers Valleys Colours.svg 18 – 36 Great Britain colours.svg Great Britain
3 Tries:
Kool (2)
Pokana

3 Goals:
Kamiak

7 Tries:
Martin Offiah (3)
Phil Ford (2)
Garry Schofield
6 Goals:
Lee Crooks (5)
Garry Schofield
Lae Oval
Attendance: 3,270
Referee: Graham Aunui
Player of the Match: Hugh Waddell [19]

Australia

The Australian leg of the tour took place in the midst of the 1988 NSWRFL season as well as the 1988 State of Origin series. In 1988 Australia was also celebrating its national bicentenary. [20] The tour's itinerary, which involved short periods between matches, making it tough for the visitors, was designed by the Australian Rugby League but agreed to by the British. [21]

The Ashes series attracted just 67,554 to the three tests, with the dead rubber third game attracting just 15,944 to the Sydney Football Stadium. The second Ashes test against Australia at Lang Park in Brisbane drew the tours highest attendance of 27,130 while the game against reigning Sydney premiers Manly-Warringah attracted the highest non-test attendance of the tour with 21,131. The total Ashes series attendance was 7,926 less than had attended the 1984 series played in Australia and was 34,006 less than the record breaking series played in England during the 1986 Kangaroo Tour. It was also easily the lowest ever attended Ashes series played in Australia since 1910 which attracted 60,000 fans.

Test Venues

The three Ashes series tests took place at the following venues. Two games were played in Sydney at the new Sydney Football Stadium which had replaced the Sydney Cricket Ground as the main rugby league venue in Sydney.

Sydney Brisbane
Sydney Football Stadium Lang Park
Capacity: 40,000Capacity: 32,500
Sydney Football Stadium.jpg Suncorp-Stadium-Milton-Queensland.jpg

Friday, 27 May
North Queensland Cairns Cyclones Colours.svg 16 – 66 Great Britain colours.svg Great Britain
Tries:
Filosi (2), House
Goals:
Worth (1)
Conlan (1)

Tries:
Martin Offiah (4), Mike Ford (3), Phil Ford (2), Paul Medley (2), Paul Dixon
Goals:
David Stephenson (8)
Phil Ford (1)
Cairns Showgrounds, Cairns
Attendance: 5,500
Referee: Barry Gomersall

North Queensland: Namok, Gagai, Taylor, Turia, Curry, Worth, Filosi, Colwell, Bax, McAskill, House, Dalley, Greenwood. Res - Ernest, Conlan

Great Britain: Phil Ford, Paul Medley, Carl Gibson, David Stephenson, Martin Offiah, David Hulme, Mike Ford, Brian Case, Paul Groves, Roy Powell, Karl Fairbank, Paul Dixon, Andy Platt (c). Res - Roy Haggerty


Wednesday, 1 June
15:00
Newcastle Knights Newcastle colours.svg 12 – 28 Great Britain colours.svg Great Britain
Tries:
Brett Shore, Tony Kemp, Glenn Miller
Goals:

Tries:
Martin Offiah (2), Ellery Hanley (2), Kevin Ward
Goals:
Paul Loughlin (4)
Newcastle International Sports Centre, Newcastle
Attendance: 8,970 [22]
Referee: Greg McCallum
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Newcastle Knights
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Great Britain
FB1 Glenn Frendo
LW2 Troy Clarke
CE3 Jeff Doyle
CE4 Tony Kemp
RW5 Glenn Miller
FE6 Robbie McCormack
HB7 Steve Fulmer
LK8 Mark Glanville
SR9 Sam Stewart (c)
SR10 Michael McKiernan
PR11 David Thorne
HK12 Tony Townsend
PR13 Brett Shore
Substitutions:
IC14 Steve Walters
IC15 Scott Carter
Coach:
Flag of Australia (converted).svg Allan McMahon
FB1 Saintscolours.svg Paul Loughlin
RW2 Wigancolours.svg Henderson Gill
CE3 Rhinoscolours.svg Carl Gibson
CE4 Widnes colours.svg Darren Wright
LW5 Widnes colours.svg Martin Offiah
SO6 Wigancolours.svg Ellery Hanley (c)
SH7 Wigancolours.svg Andy Gregory
PR8 Castleford colours.svg Kevin Ward
HK9 Castleford colours.svg Kevin Beardmore
PR10 Oldhamcolours.svg Hugh Waddell
SR11 Wolvescolours.svg Mike Gregory
SR12 Rhinoscolours.svg Paul Dixon
LF13 Saintscolours.svg Andy Platt
Substitutions:
IC14
IC15
Coach:
Flag of England.svg Mal Reilly

The Newcastle Knights, a new team in the NSWRL Premiership in 1988, was rewarded for large early season attendances with a game against the touring Lions.


Sunday, 5 June
Northern Division Balmain colours.svg 36 – 12 Great Britain colours.svg Great Britain
Tries:
Ewan McGrady (2), Chris Cumming, B. Plater, M. Manes
Goals:
M. Spinks (8)

Tries:
Henderson Gill, Garry Schofield
Goals:
Paul Loughlin (2)
Scully Park, Tamworth
Attendance: 4,000 [23]
Referee: Barry Priest
Player of the Match: Ewan McGrady Balmain colours.svg
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Northern Division
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Great Britain
FB1Spinks
LW2Plater
CE3Gardner
CE4 Matthew Ryan
RW5French
FE6 Rocky Laurie (c)
HB7 Ewan McGrady
LK8Maynes
SR9Lavender
SR10Cumming
PR11Cotter
HK12Masters
PR13McCann
Substitutions:
IC14McCormack
IC15Briggs
Coach:
FB1 Saintscolours.svg Paul Loughlin
RW2 Bullscolours.svg Phil Ford
CE3 Rhinoscolours.svg Garry Schofield (c)
CE4 Rhinoscolours.svg David Stephenson
LW5 Wigancolours.svg Henderson Gill
SO6 Widnes colours.svg David Hulme
SH7 Oldhamcolours.svg Mike Ford
PR8 Wigancolours.svg Brian Case
HK9 Saintscolours.svg Paul Groves
PR10 Hullcolours.svg Lee Crooks
SR11 Rhinoscolours.svg Roy Powell
SR12 Rhinoscolours.svg Paul Medley
LF13 Saintscolours.svg Roy Haggerty
Substitutions:
IC14
IC15 Bullscolours.svg Karl Fairbank
Coach:
Flag of England.svg Mal Reilly

The Northern Division side, captained by former NSW, South Sydney and Eastern Suburbs five-eighth Rocky Laurie, gave the tourists their first defeat, and a heavy defeat at that. Also playing for Northern Division was future NSWRL Rothmans Medal winner with Canterbury-Bankstown, Moree Boomerangs Halfback Ewan McGrady who crossed for two tries and future Canterbury premiership winning centre Matthew Ryan. The game became known as "Black Sunday" for the Lions who went down 36-12. According to media reports, after the game Mal Reilly locked his team in the dressing room and upbraided them for 20 minutes before the media were allowed in. [24]


Tuesday, 7 June
Manly-Warringah Manly Sea Eagles colours.svg 30 – 0 Great Britain colours.svg Great Britain
Tries:
Ian Gately, Mark Pocock, Geoff Toovey, Charlie Haggett, Cliff Lyons
Goals:
Tim Dwyer (5/5)

Tries:
Goals:
Brookvale Oval, Sydney
Attendance: 21,131 [25]
Referee: Francis Desplas Flag of France.svg
Player of the Match: Geoff Toovey Manly Sea Eagles colours.svg
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Manly-Warringah
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Great Britain
FB1 Tim Dwyer
LW2 Stuart Davis
CE3 Joe Ropati
CE4 Darrell Williams
RW5 Greg Austin
FE6 Cliff Lyons
HB7 Geoff Toovey
LK8 Des Hasler
SR9 Noel Cleal (c)
SR10 Mark Pocock
PR11 Mark Brokenshire
HK12 Charlie Haggett
PR13 Ian Gately
Substitutions:
IC14 Paul Shaw
IC15 Glenn Ryan
Coach:
Flag of Australia (converted).svg Bob Fulton
FB1 Bullscolours.svg Phil Ford
RW2 Rhinoscolours.svg Carl Gibson
CE3 Rhinoscolours.svg Ian Wilkinson
CE4 Widnes colours.svg Darren Wright
LW5 Widnes colours.svg Martin Offiah
SO6 Rhinoscolours.svg David Stephenson
SH7 Widnes colours.svg David Hulme
PR8 Oldhamcolours.svg Hugh Waddell
HK9 Saintscolours.svg Paul Groves
PR10 Rhinoscolours.svg Roy Powell
SR11 Bullscolours.svg Karl Fairbank
SR12 Rhinoscolours.svg Paul Medley
LF13 Saintscolours.svg Andy Platt (c)
Substitutions:
IC14 Saintscolours.svg Roy Haggerty
IC15 Hullcolours.svg Lee Crooks
Coach:
Flag of England.svg Mal Reilly

Although facing the Lions mid-week side which still included test players Andy Platt, Martin Offiah, Phil Ford, Carl Gibson, David Hulme and Roy Powell, Manly went into the game missing regular first grade players in lock forward Paul Vautin, centre Michael O'Connor and prop forward Phil Daley (Australian test players rested before the first test four days later), while fullback Dale Shearer, winger David Ronson and hooker Mal Cochrane were all unavailable due to injury. In the absence of usual team captain Vautin, the defending Winfield Cup premiers were captained by 1986 Kangaroo Tourist and 10 test veteran Noel Cleal who had a point to prove after being a shock omission from the Australian and NSW sides (the Lions camp and the English media following the team was reportedly dumbfounded at Cleal's non-selection). In front of a vocal Brookvale Oval crowd of 21,131, the largest non-test attendance of the tour and the 3rd highest tour attendance outside only the first and second Ashes tests, the makeshift Sea Eagles side put the tourists to the sword, running out five tries to nil winners. Manly's teenage halfback Geoff Toovey, playing only his third game of top grade football, capped a man-of-the-match performance scoring one of his sides tries. The match saw the first time that former test rivals and teammates in Manly's 1972 and 1973 premiership wins Bob Fulton (Manly) and Mal Reilly (Great Britain) would coach against each other.

For the Lions, their captain on the night Andy Platt was far and away their best player with the rest showing little form heading into the first test just 4 days later. After Cliff Lyons crossed for Manly's 5th try in just 60th minute, the game descended into a scrappy contest as fatigue and high frustrations for the Lions resulted in Mark Brokenshire (Manly) and Roy Haggerty (GB) each getting 10 minutes in the sin-bin for foul play. For Manly, Toovey, Lyons, Cleal and Des Hasler (playing at lock) led the way for the 30–0 win while fullback Tim Dwyer capped a fine night kicking 5 goals from 5 attempts. [26]

The game was refereed by Frenchman Francis Desplas who would be the referee for all three tests of the Ashes series. Although not playing the game, Mal Reilly allowed Lions prop forward Kevin Ward who had played in Manly's 1987 Grand Final winning team (and would again link with Manly once the tour ended), to take the toss of the coin in front of his 'home' fans despite Andy Platt captaining the side. The scheduling of the game against the reigning Sydney premiers only four days out from the first test drew criticism from Lions management and the British press who were covering the tour.

1st Ashes Test

The Ashes series was styled the 'Winfield Test series' due to sponsorship from Winfield cigarettes. The first game was the 100th rugby league test between the two sides. Andrew Ettingshausen, Peter Jackson, Tony Currie, Sam Backo, Phil Daley and Gary Belcher were selected to make their Test match debuts for Australia. Largely thanks to their 3-0 domination of the State of Origin series, Queensland players dominated in the Australian forward pack with Manly's Phil Daley the only NSW player in the starting six. Both Blues skipper Wayne Pearce and Noel Cleal were shock omissions while Wally Fullerton-Smith (second row) and Greg Conescu (hooker) were recalled for their first tests since 1984 and 1985 respectively. [27] The absence through injury of several of Great Britain's Test stars meant that several members of their team were playing out of position. [28]

Following heavy losses to Northern Division and Manly-Warringah in their two games immediately prior to the first test, one unnamed ARL official allegedly remarked that trying to promote a test series with the Great Britain side (who had not won a test against Australia since the second test of the 1978 Kangaroo Tour) was like trying to flog a dead horse. Indeed, this was reflected when only 24,480 attended the first test at the Sydney Football Stadium, with the dead rubber third test at the venue only attracting 15,944 fans, the lowest ever test attendance between the two teams in Sydney.

Saturday, 11 June
Australia  Flag of Australia (converted).svg17 – 6Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Tries:
Peter Jackson (2)
Sam Backo
Goals:
Michael O'Connor (2/5)
Field goal:
Wally Lewis
[29]
Try:
Ellery Hanley

Goals:
Paul Loughlin (1/5)
Sydney Football Stadium, Sydney
Attendance: 24,480
Referee: Francois Desplas Flag of France.svg
Player of the Match: Kevin Ward Great Britain colours.svg
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Australia
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Great Britain
FB1 Balmain colours.svg Garry Jack
RW2 Cronulla colours.svg Andrew Ettingshausen
CE3 Manly Sea Eagles colours.svg Michael O'Connor
CE4 Canberra colours.svg Peter Jackson
LW5 Canterbury colours.svg Tony Currie
FE6 Brisbane colours.svg Wally Lewis (c)
HB7 Parramatta colours.svg Peter Sterling
PR8 Manly Sea Eagles colours.svg Phil Daley
HK9 Brisbane colours.svg Greg Conescu
PR10 Canberra colours.svg Sam Backo
SR11 St. George colours.svg Wally Fullerton-Smith
SR12 Manly Sea Eagles colours.svg Paul Vautin
Lk13 Parramatta colours.svg Bob Lindner
Substitutions:
IC14 Canberra colours.svg Gary Belcher
IC15 Canterbury colours.svg Steve Folkes
Coach:
Flag of Australia (converted).svg Don Furner
FB1 Saintscolours.svg Paul Loughlin
RW2 Bullscolours.svg Phil Ford
CE3 Rhinoscolours.svg Garry Schofield
CE4 Rhinoscolours.svg David Stephenson
LW5 Widnes colours.svg Martin Offiah
SO6 Widnes colours.svg David Hulme
SH7 Wigancolours.svg Andy Gregory
PR8 Saintscolours.svg Andy Platt
HK9 Castleford colours.svg Kevin Beardmore
PR10 Castleford colours.svg Kevin Ward
SR11 Faxcolours.svg Paul Dixon
SR12 Wolvescolours.svg Mike Gregory
LF13 Wigancolours.svg Ellery Hanley (c)
Substitutions:
IC14 Wigancolours.svg Henderson Gill
IC15 Rhinoscolours.svg Roy Powell
Coach:
Flag of England.svg Mal Reilly

Following a high tackle on British hooker Kevin Beardmore by Australian front rower Phil Daley, Great Britain put the first points on the board with Paul Loughlin's penalty kick from 40 metres out. [30] The first try also went to the visitors with Ellery Hanley beating several defenders to score in the corner. Great Britain looked the better team in the first half and were leading 6–0 at the break. [31]

After six minutes of the second-half Sam Backo ran on to a Peter Sterling pass to score Australia's first try, although there was doubt around the ball's grounding. [32] Peter Jackson scored two tries over 11 minutes to give Australia victory. In between these two tries Wally Lewis kicked a field goal. [30]

John MacDonald of The Sydney Morning Herald reported that the tourists were not only competitive, but a little unlucky, and that the 17–6 score did not reflect how close they came to winning. He also leveled heavy criticism at the refereeing performance of Francois Desplas, who could not speak English. [33] As man-of-the-match, British forward Kevin Ward received $1,000. [33]

Great Britain's second-row forward Andy Platt received an injury to his left arm that was expected to see him sidelined for the next two weeks. [34]


Wednesday, 15 June
Combined Brisbane Saintscolours.svg 14 – 28 Great Britain colours.svg Great Britain
Tries:
Brett McCarthy, Kelly Egan, Gordon Barwick
Goals:
Peter Coyne (1)

Tries:
Martin Offiah (2), Garry Schofield, Karl Fairbank, Mike Ford
Goals:
David Stephenson (4)
Lang Park, Brisbane
Attendance: 1,810

Combined Brisbane: Steve Hegarty, Kelly Egan, Brett McCarthy, Cherry, Gordon Barwick, Peter Coyne, Daunt, McIntyre, Holmes, Ponting, Glen Haggath, Ian Stains, Darren Smith. Res - Kevin Langer, White

Great Britain: Phil Ford, Henderson Gill, Garry Schofield, Carl Gibson, Ellery Hanley (c), Mike Ford, Brian Case, Paul Groves, Lee Crooks, Roy Powell, Karl Fairbank, Paul Dixon. Res - Martin Offiah, Hugh Waddell

In the 20th minute of the match British centre Garry Schofield was assisted from the field with a fractured jaw bone. [35]


Friday, 17 June
Central Queensland Central Comets colours.svg 8 – 64 Great Britain colours.svg Great Britain
Tries:
Marshall Leisha
Goals:
D Weinert (2)

Tries:
Karl Fairbank (3), Martin Offiah (3), Ellery Hanley (2), Carl Gibson (2), Roy Powell
Goals:
Paul Loughlin (10)
Browne Park, Rockhampton
Attendance: 4,418
Referee: L. Crane

Central Queensland: Crow, Miller, Peter White, Paul White, Hinricks, Iles, Upkett, Olsson, Emmert, Weinert, Leisha, Duff, Brazier.

Great Britain: Paul Loughlin, Carl Gibson, Ian Wilkinson, Darren Wright, Martin Offiah, Ellery Hanley (c), David Hulme, Kevin Ward, Kevin Beardmore, Hugh Waddell, Roy Powell, Karl Fairbank, Roy Haggerty. Res - Lee Crooks, Henderson Gill

British prop Lee Crooks injured his shoulder in this match putting him in doubt for the remainder of the Ashes series. Winning the scrums 11-2, Great Britain had a wealth of possession and exploited it ruthlessly. The Capras' only try came from Black Water Devils second-rower Marshall Leisha during the last ten minutes. [36]


Wednesday, 22 June
Toowoomba / S-E Queensland Toowoomba Clydesdales colours.svg 12 – 28 Great Britain colours.svg Great Britain
Tries:
Claney, Johnson
Goals:
Dwyer (2)

Tries:
Ellery Hanley (2), Mike Gregory (2), Phil Ford
Goals:
Paul Loughlin (4)
Athletic Oval, Toowoomba
Attendance: 3,874
Referee: Tim Bliss

Toowoomba / S-E Queensland: Weribone, Clevin, Blake, Pratt, Stower, Clancy, Smith, Dwyer, M. Cook, Sutoon, Buckle, Johnson, Sullivan. Res - Terry Cook, Neale

Great Britain: Paul Loughlin, Henderson Gill, David Stephenson, Phil Ford, Martin Offiah, Ellery Hanley (c), David Hulme, Kevin Ward, Kevin Beardmore, Paul Dixon, Karl Fairbank, Roy Powell, Mike Gregory.


Saturday, 25 June
Wide Bay St. George colours.svg 0 – 14 Great Britain colours.svg Great Britain
Tries:
Goals:

Tries:
Andy Currier, Martin Offiah, Mike Ford
Goals:
Paul Loughlin (1)
Albert Park, Gympie
Attendance: 2,310
Referee: Russell Leis

Wide Bay: Ovens, Templeman, Kirby, Lalli, Kinsela, Jones, Ward, Reddacliff, Gerrard, McGrath, Sempf, Schulte, March. Res - Graving, Ryan

Great Britain: Ian Wilkinson, Carl Gibson, Andy Currier, Darren Wright, Henderson Gill, Mike Ford, Paul Hulme, Brian Case, Paul Groves, Hugh Waddell, Roy Powell, Karl Fairbank, Roy Haggerty. Res - Paul Loughlin, Martin Offiah

2nd Ashes Test

The Australians made two changes to the side that won the first test in Sydney. Wayne Pearce earned a recall at lock with Bob Lindner moving to the bench in place of Steve Folkes. Injuries again forced Mal Reilly into changing his side for the second test. Garry Schofield's broken jaw saw Phil Ford moved to the centres with Henderson Gill recalled onto the wing. Captain Ellery Hanley moved from lock to the centres in place of David Stephenson with Mike Gregory coming in at lock forward. Andy Platt dropped from the front row to the back row with Roy Powell coming into prop. Darren Wright and Paul Hulme were the new players on the bench.

Match commentary was provided by Darrell Eastlake and supercoach Jack Gibson.

Tuesday, 28 June
Australia  Flag of Australia (converted).svg34 – 14Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Tries:
Sam Backo
Andrew Ettingshausen
Peter Jackson
Wally Lewis
Michael O'Connor
Wayne Pearce
Goals:
Michael O'Connor (5)
[37]
Tries:
Phil Ford
Martin Offiah




Goals:
Paul Loughlin (3)
Lang Park, Brisbane
Attendance: 27,130
Referee: Francois Desplas Flag of France.svg
Player of the Match: Wally Lewis Australian colours.svg
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Australia
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Great Britain
FB1 Balmain colours.svg Garry Jack
LW2 Canterbury colours.svg Tony Currie
CE3 Manly Sea Eagles colours.svg Michael O'Connor
CE4 Canberra colours.svg Peter Jackson
RW5 Cronulla colours.svg Andrew Ettingshausen
FE6 Brisbane colours.svg Wally Lewis (c)
HB7 Parramatta colours.svg Peter Sterling
PR8 Manly Sea Eagles colours.svg Phil Daley
HK9 Brisbane colours.svg Greg Conescu
PR10 Canberra colours.svg Sam Backo
SR11 St. George colours.svg Wally Fullerton-Smith
SR12 Manly Sea Eagles colours.svg Paul Vautin
LK13 Balmain colours.svg Wayne Pearce
Substitutions:
IC14 Canberra colours.svg Gary Belcher
IC15 Parramatta colours.svg Bob Lindner
Coach:
Flag of Australia (converted).svg Don Furner
FB1 Saintscolours.svg Paul Loughlin
RW2 Wigancolours.svg Henderson Gill
CE3 Bullscolours.svg Phil Ford
CE4 Wigancolours.svg Ellery Hanley (c)
LW5 Widnes colours.svg Martin Offiah
SO6 Widnes colours.svg David Hulme
SH7 Wigancolours.svg Andy Gregory
PR8 Castleford colours.svg Kevin Ward
HK9 Castleford colours.svg Kevin Beardmore
PR10 Rhinoscolours.svg Roy Powell
SR11 Faxcolours.svg Paul Dixon
SR12 Saintscolours.svg Andy Platt
LF13 Wolvescolours.svg Mike Gregory
Substitutions:
IC14 Widnes colours.svg Darren Wright
IC15 Widnes colours.svg Paul Hulme
Coach:
Flag of England.svg Mal Reilly

On Lang Park's electronic scoreboard the message "Bullfrog - shame our favourite No 7 isn't here" was displayed in a reference to Queensland halfback Allan Langer being overlooked for selection by Kangaroos team manager Peter Moore in favour of Peter Sterling. [38]

The tourists got first points with a penalty kick. After playing the ball three quarters of the way towards Great Britain's line Australians moved the ball through the hands out to left centre Michael O'Connor who broke through the defence and scored the first try. Australia's next try came in the twentieth minute when Wally Lewis chip kicked the ball ahead for himself, re-gathered it and passed it Peter Jackson who crossed untouched and scored behind the uprights. [39] O'Connor successfully converted his try taking the score to 14–4 in favour of the hosts. After playing the ball around mid field the Australians kept the ball alive with a total of nine passes, the last of which was to Andrew Ettingshausen on the right wing who beat Martin Offiah to dive over in the corner. O'Connor's conversion attempt hit the upright so the half time score remained at 18–4. [38]

After the break Great Britain were playing the ball within their own half of the field when Ellery Hanley got it at first receiver and ran himself, splitting the defence and racing into Australia's half where he passed to Ford who ran the remaining forty metres to score beneath the uprights. Sam Backo then scored a close range try, running from dummy-half and forcing his way over the line. Again playing the ball close to Great Britain's line Australia scored from dummy half once more when Wayne Pearce dived over. Playing the ball just inside Great Britain's half the Australians continued up-field, evading tacklers and passing to support players, the last of whom was Wally Lewis who ran the remaining metres to score untouched. Five minutes from full-time Andy Gregory was sent to the sin-bin for 10 minutes—effectively for the remainder of the game—after another high tackle on Ettingshausen. [38]

By winning this match Australia successfully defended their Ashes title. The Poms' excessive aggression was seen as costing them the match. [40] Criticism of French referee Desplas also continued. [41]


Sunday, 3 July
Western Division Ireland colours.svg 26 – 28 Great Britain colours.svg Great Britain
Tries:
Moy, Michael Peachy, Mark Smith, Wilfred Williams
Goals:
Robert Clark (5)

Tries:
Martin Offiah (2), Paul Groves, Ellery Hanley, Andy Currier
Goals:
Andy Currier (4)
Wade Park, Orange
Attendance: 3,520
Referee: Phil Robinson

Western Division: Frail, Wilfred Williams, Casey, Mark Smith, Newman, Clark, Douglas, Gibson, Luke, McAnally, Fitzgerald, Michael Peachy, Moy. Res - Stammers, Batty

Great Britain: Ian Wilkinson, Carl Gibson, Andy Currier, Darren Wright, Martin Offiah, Ellery Hanley (c), Mike Ford, Brian Case, Paul Groves, Hugh Waddell, Karl Fairbank, Paul Hulme, Mike Gregory.

With Great Britain leading 26–10 with 20 minutes to go, the local forwards rallied strongly to give the Lions a fright. [42]


Tuesday, 5 July
President's XIII Australian colours.svg 24 – 16 Great Britain colours.svg Great Britain
Tries:
Steve O'Brien, Glenn Lazarus, Greg Alexander, Mal Meninga, Graeme Bradley
Goals:
Mal Meninga (2/6)

Tries:
Phil Ford (2), Mike Gregory
Goals:
Paul Loughlin (2/3)
Seiffert Oval, Queanbeyan
Attendance: 6,037
Referee: Eddie Ward Flag of Australia (converted).svg
Player of the Match: David Trewhella Australian colours.svg
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President's XIII
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Great Britain
FB1 South Sydney colours.svg Phil Blake
LW2 Canterbury colours.svg Steve O'Brien
CE3 Canberra colours.svg Mal Meninga
CE4 Penrith colours.svg Graeme Bradley
RW5 South Sydney colours.svg Adam O'Neill
FE6 North Sydney colours.svg Greg Florimo
HB7 Penrith colours.svg Greg Alexander
LK8 Eastern Suburbs colours.svg David Trewhella
SR9 Penrith colours.svg Mark Geyer
SR10 Cronulla colours.svg Gavin Miller
PR11 Canterbury colours.svg David Gillespie
HK12 South Sydney colours.svg Mario Fenech (c)
PR13 Canberra colours.svg Glenn Lazarus
Substitutions:
IC14 St. George colours.svg Steve Robinson
IC15 Manly Sea Eagles colours.svg Ian Gately
Coach:
Flag of Australia (converted).svg Don Furner
FB1 Bullscolours.svg Phil Ford
RW2 Rhinoscolours.svg Carl Gibson
CE3 Saintscolours.svg Paul Loughlin
CE4 Widnes colours.svg Darren Wright
LW5 Widnes colours.svg Andy Currier
SO6 Widnes colours.svg David Hulme
SH7 Wigancolours.svg Andy Gregory
LF8 Castleford colours.svg John Joyner
SR9 Rhinoscolours.svg Richard Eyres
SR10 Wolvescolours.svg Mike Gregory (c)
PR11 Rhinoscolours.svg Roy Powell
HK12 Castleford colours.svg Kevin Beardmore
PR13 Castleford colours.svg Kevin Ward
Substitutions:
IC14 Widnes colours.svg Paul Hulme
IC15 Oldhamcolours.svg Hugh Waddell
Coach:
Flag of England.svg Mal Reilly

After playing the entire tour using the international numbers for the forwards (i.e. props with 8 and 10, loose forward with 13), Great Britain used the old standard still used in Australia until the end of the year with the props in 11 and 13, loose forward with 8. [43]

The Don Furner coached President's XIII led 14–2 after 22 minutes thanks to tries by Steve O'Brien, Glenn Lazarus and 1986 Kangaroo tourist Greg Alexander. But after a second half try to Mal Meninga (who had an off day with the boot, kicking only 2 of his 6 attempts at goal), the Lions brought it back to 18–16 thanks to 2 tries from Welsh fullback Phil Ford and one to captain Mike Gregory plus the more accurate goal kicking of St Helens centre Paul Loughlin in the increasingly muddy conditions at the Seiffert Oval, the home ground of the Canberra Raiders. However, a late try to Penrith centre Graeme Bradley put the game beyond the reach of the tourists. [44] South Sydney's Mario Fenech, playing at hooker, was given the honour of captaining the President's XIII.

The President's XIII was a side selected by Australian Rugby League President, Ken Arthurson.


3rd Ashes Test

This match also counted toward the result of the 1985–1988 World Cup tournament. Australia were considered favourites, having won the past fifteen consecutive test matches. [40] Great Britain's chances were also lessened by the squad missing the likes of Shaun Edwards, Kevin Beardmore, Steve Hampson, Andy Platt, Garry Schofield, Joe Lydon, Lee Crooks and Andy Goodway for one reason or another, and some players taking to the field not fully fit. It was the debut of Paul Hulme and Hugh Waddell in the front row. [45] The match was broadcast by the Nine network with commentary from Darrell Eastlake and Jack Gibson.

Saturday, 9 July
Australia  Flag of Australia (converted).svg12 – 26Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Tries:
Wally Lewis
Sam Backo


Goals:
Michael O'Connor (2/2)
[46]
Tries:
Henderson Gill (2)
Martin Offiah
Phil Ford
Mike Gregory
Goals:
Paul Loughlin (3/5)
Sydney Football Stadium, Sydney
Attendance: 15,944
Referee: Francis Desplas Flag of France.svg
Player of the Match: Andy Gregory Great Britain colours.svg
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Great Britain
FB1 Balmain colours.svg Garry Jack
RW2 Cronulla colours.svg Andrew Ettingshausen
CE3 Manly Sea Eagles colours.svg Michael O'Connor
CE4 Canberra colours.svg Peter Jackson
LW5 Canterbury colours.svg Tony Currie
FE6 Brisbane colours.svg Wally Lewis (c)
HB7 Parramatta colours.svg Peter Sterling
PR8 North Sydney colours.svg Martin Bella
HK9 Brisbane colours.svg Greg Conescu
PR10 Canberra colours.svg Sam Backo
SR11 St. George colours.svg Wally Fullerton-Smith
SR12 Manly Sea Eagles colours.svg Paul Vautin
LK13 Balmain colours.svg Wayne Pearce
Substitutions:
IC14 Canberra colours.svg Gary Belcher
IC15 Parramatta colours.svg Bob Lindner
Coach:
Flag of Australia (converted).svg Don Furner
FB1 Bullscolours.svg Phil Ford
RW2 Wigancolours.svg Henderson Gill
CE3 Rhinoscolours.svg David Stephenson
CE4 Saintscolours.svg Paul Loughlin
LW5 Widnes colours.svg Martin Offiah
SO6 Widnes colours.svg David Hulme
SH7 Wigancolours.svg Andy Gregory
PR8 Castleford colours.svg Kevin Ward
HK9 Widnes colours.svg Paul Hulme
PR10 Oldhamcolours.svg Hugh Waddell
SR11 Wolvescolours.svg Mike Gregory
SR12 Rhinoscolours.svg Roy Powell
LF13 Wigancolours.svg Ellery Hanley (c)
Substitutions:
IC14 Wigancolours.svg Brian Case
IC15 Widnes colours.svg Darren Wright
Coach:
Flag of England.svg Mal Reilly

Early in the match Great Britain were disallowed a try when Henderson Gill dived onto an Andy Gregory bomb which was not secured by the Australian fullback. [47] The Kangaroos then had chances to score at the other end of the field, but the British defence held strong. The first try of the match would go to the visitors when, playing the ball inside Australia's twenty-two, they strung some passes together, getting the ball out to Martin Offiah who dove over the line on the right wing. The conversion attempt was missed so the score was 0–4 with over three quarters of the match still to be played. [48] A few minutes later Great Britain were again on the attack in Australia's territory and keeping the ball alive, their scrum half back Andy Gregory darting about elusively before passing it to Ford who stepped and weaved his way amongst the defenders to dash through and score near the uprights. The conversion was successful, giving Great Britain a 0–10 lead. Shortly before half-time Australia suffered a major setback when their halfback Peter Sterling was forced off with a dislocated shoulder after being driven into the turf in a tackle by Roy Powell. [40] No more points were scored in the first half, so this was the score at the break.

Australia scored first in the second half after winning a scrum against the feed within Great Britain's twenty-two. Working the ball up close to the uprights, their captain Wally Lewis got it at first receiver and ran it into the defence, wrestling his way through to the tryline where he reached out and put it down beneath the black dot. The try was successfully converted, so the score was 6–10 in favour of the Lions. Great Britain then extended their lead after working the ball up into an attacking position where Andy Gregory chipped it ahead. In the rush of chasers from both sides trying to reach the ball it was knocked ahead into the in-goal area where Henderson Gill dived on it. The kick was successful so the British were leading 6–16. [49] Again the Britons' failure to win a scrum in their own territory afforded Australia another opportunity, with forward Sam Backo crashing over the line shortly after from close range. The successful kick brought the Kangaroos back to within an unconverted try at 12–16. The Lions struck again from deep within their own half where centre Paul Loughlin got the ball at first receiver, ran through the defensive line and crossed half-way before passing to Henderson Gill in support on his outside to dive over on the right wing. The conversion attempt was missed, so the British lead was 12–20. Then they scored another long range try while working the ball away from their own line, Andy Gregory making a dart from dummy half, catching the markers napping and getting into open space. He then found Mike Gregory in support who ran about seventy metres to dive over under the posts. [48] The easy kick meant a 26–12 lead for Great Britain and this is where the scoreboard remained at full-time.

Australian front row forward Sam Backo scored a try in all three tests. This saw him join legendary winger Ken Irvine (1963) as the only Australians to score a try in each test of an Ashes series.

This was the end of a 15-match winning streak for the Australians, [50] and Great Britain's first Test victory over the Kangaroos since their 18–14 win at Odsal Stadium during the 1978 Kangaroo tour, as well as their first win in Australia for 18 years. It also put Great Britain on top of the World Cup points table. [51]

After the match there was a gala dinner at the Regent Hotel. [52]

New Zealand

The Lions lost two of three of their matches in New Zealand.

Wednesday, 13 July
Wellington Wellington colours.svg 18 – 24 Great Britain colours.svg Great Britain
Tries: Leuluai (2), Kuiti
Goals: Ewe (3)
[53]
Tries: Fairbank (2), Eyres, Currier
Goals: Loughlin (2), Currier, Stephenson
Porirua Park, Wellington
Attendance: 4,428
Referee: Des O'Sullivan [54]

Tuesday, 19 July
Auckland Canterbury colours.svg 30 - 14 Great Britain colours.svg Great Britain
Tries: Shelford (2), Tuimavave, Brown, Leota
Goals: Brown (3), Bancroft (2)
[55]
Tries: Gill (2)
Goals: Loughlin (3)
Mount Smart Stadium, Auckland
Attendance: 8,000
Referee: Bill Shrimpton [56]

Test Match

The result of this match would determine who would contest the final of the 1985–1988 World Cup tournament's final to be played later in the year.

Sunday, 17 July
New Zealand  Flag of New Zealand.svg12 – 10Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Tries:
Gary Freeman (2)

Goals:
Peter Brown (2)
[57]
Tries:
David Hulme
Paul Loughlin
Goals:
Paul Loughlin (1)
Addington Showgrounds (Christchurch)
Attendance: 8,525
Referee: Mick Stone Flag of Australia (converted).svg
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New Zealand
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Great Britain
FB1 Manly Sea Eagles colours.svg Darrell Williams
RW2 Leigh colours.svg Shane Horo
CE3 Wigancolours.svg Dean Bell (c)
CE4 Wigancolours.svg Kevin Iro
LW5 Bullscolours.svg Gary Mercer
FE6 Saintscolours.svg Shane Cooper
HB7 North Sydney colours.svg Clayton Friend
PR8 Redscolours.svg Peter Brown
HK9 Canterbury colours.svg Wayne Wallace
PR10 Newcastle colours.svg Adrian Shelford
SR11 North Sydney colours.svg Mark Graham
SR12 Newcastle colours.svg Sam Stewart
LK13 Eastern Suburbs colours.svg Mark Horo
Substitutions:
IC14 Balmain colours.svg Gary Freeman
IC15
Coach:
Flag of New Zealand.svg Tony Gordon
FB1 Bullscolours.svg Phil Ford
RW2 Wigancolours.svg Henderson Gill
CE3 Rhinoscolours.svg David Stephenson
CE4 Saintscolours.svg Paul Loughlin
LW5 Widnes colours.svg Martin Offiah
SO6 Widnes colours.svg David Hulme
SH7 Wigancolours.svg Andy Gregory
PR8 Castleford colours.svg Kevin Ward
HK9 Castleford colours.svg Kevin Beardmore
PR10 Oldhamcolours.svg Hugh Waddell
SR11 Wolvescolours.svg Mike Gregory
SR12 Rhinoscolours.svg Roy Powell
LF13 Wigancolours.svg Ellery Hanley (c)
Substitutions:
IC14 Widnes colours.svg Paul Hulme
IC15
Coach:
Flag of England.svg Mal Reilly

It was a rainy afternoon in Christchurch. Following the national anthems "God Save the Queen" and "God Defend New Zealand", and a haka by the Kiwis, Great Britain kicked off. In slippery conditions New Zealand knocked during the first set of six. This resulted in a scrum to the visitors deep inside the Kiwis' territory. From the scrum win the ball was moved out to the left where a pass was knocked down by a New Zealand defender but re-gathered by British centre Paul Loughlin who dived over the line. The referee awarded the try which Loughlin failed to convert, so Great Britain got out to an early 4 nil lead. A few minutes later a penalty was awarded to the Lions but Loughlin's kick was again wide. Shortly after that New Zealand were awarded a penalty and Peter Brown kicked it successfully, bringing the margin back to two points at 2–4.

Great Britain captain Ellery Hanley sustained a cut under his eye during the match which required 12 stitches. [58]

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Lee Crooks, Paul Dixon and Andy Platt all returned home from the tour early due to injuries. They were replaced by Richard Eyres and John Joyner. [10]
  2. 1 2 Garry Schofield was ruled out of the rest of the tour after being injured against the Combined Brisbane team. Andy Currier was called up as a replacement. [11]
  3. 1 2 Shaun Edwards suffered a knee injury in the Test against Papua New Guinea, and was replaced by Darren Wright. [12]
  4. 1 2 Paul Medley took no further part in the tour after being injured against Manly-Warringah. He was replaced by Paul Hulme. [13]

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References

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  2. MacDonald, John (29 June 1988). "Tigers sign Hanley for last Rounds". The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 16 February 2014.
  3. Tait, Paul (30 June 1988). "Ward's Return to lift Manly". The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 17 February 2014.
  4. "Williams on verge of tour" . The Guardian. London. 6 April 1988. p. 15 via ProQuest.
  5. Fitzpatrick, Paul (23 April 1988). "Palpitations over Pacific tour as Goodway goes thataway" . The Guardian. London. p. 15 via ProQuest.
  6. Tony Collins (2006). Rugby League in Twentieth Century Britain: A Social and Cultural History. UK: Routledge. p. 160. ISBN   9781134221455.
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  8. "Edwards and Hampson drop out" . The Guardian. London. 3 June 1988. p. 23 via ProQuest.
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  10. Fitzpatrick, Paul (1 July 1988). "Crooks joins the crocks" . The Guardian. London. p. 17 via ProQuest.
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  12. "Wright covers for Edwards" . The Guardian. London. 26 May 1988. p. 15 via ProQuest.
  13. Fitzpatrick, Paul (18 June 1988). "Injuries spoil Britain's big night" . The Guardian. London. p. 11 via ProQuest.
  14. Papua New Guinea vs Great Britain
  15. "1988 Test Match: Papua New Guinea 22 Great Britain 42". Cherry & White. rlfans.com. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
  16. Heads, Ian (26 May 1988). "Peard's Solutions may provea little lightweight". The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 14 February 2014.
  17. 1 2 Tait, Paul (26 May 1988). "British Tourists impress Bellew". The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 14 February 2014.
  18. "Schofield too hot for PNG". 22 May 1988. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
  19. "Three Tries by Offiah". The Sydney Morning Herald . 24 May 1988. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
  20. Annual Report (PDF). Australia: Australian Rugby Football League. 1988. p. 8.
  21. Clarkson, Alan (25 June 1988). "Reilly's Agony". The Sun-Herald . Retrieved 17 February 2014.
  22. MacDonald, John (1 June 1988). "Tourists fail to exhibit Defence and Discipline". The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 14 February 2014.
  23. Hadfield, Dave (5 June 1988). "Reilly still confident for Tests". The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 14 February 2014.
  24. McGregor, Adrian (1991). Simply The Best: The 1990 Kangaroos. Qld: University of Queensland Press. p. 55 The Fall and Rise of England. ISBN   0-7022-2370-0.
  25. MacDonald, John (7 June 1988). "Manly maul the Tourists". The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 16 February 2014.
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