2009 Palma Nova bombing

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2009 Palma Nova bombing
Part of the Basque conflict
Location Palma Nova, Calvià, Majorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
Date30 July 2009
13.50 (UTC+2)
Target Civil Guard barracks
Attack type
 Limpet bomb
Deaths2
Perpetrators ETA

The 2009 Palma Nova bombing occurred on 30 July 2009, when a limpet bomb went off outside a Civil Guard barracks in the town of Palma Nova, Majorca, Spain. The bomb was placed under a patrol car and two Civil Guard officers died as a result of the explosion. A second device was found under another Civil Guard vehicle at nearby barracks and safely exploded by police. On 9 August, the Basque nationalist and separatist organisation ETA claimed responsibility for the attack, while four other bombs exploded around restaurants and shopping centres in Palma, Majorca, causing no injuries.

Contents

The bombing was ETA's first attack in Majorca since it tried to kill King Juan Carlos I in the summer of 1995, and its deadliest attack since it killed two Civil Guard officers in Capbreton, France in 2007. The attack came on the eve of the 50th anniversary of ETA's founding, [1] and days before the King's yearly visit to Majorca.

Background

Investigators sift through debris at the Burgos Civil Guard barracks Atentado de Burgos 1.jpg
Investigators sift through debris at the Burgos Civil Guard barracks

In mid-2006, the organisation declared a ceasefire, and conversations between Batasuna, ETA and the Basque and Spanish governments started. Peace talks ended in December, when ETA broke the truce with a massive car bomb at the Madrid-Barajas Airport. ETA officially ended the ceasefire in 2007 and resumed its attacks around Spain. At the same time, dozens of members were arrested by Spanish and French police. Despite that, the organisation did not lose the capacity of carrying out attacks. [2]

In 2009, Patxi López became the first non-nationalist lendakari since the 1979 Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country. [2] On 19 June, ETA killed inspector Eduardo Puelles García in Arrigorriaga near Bilbao, Biscay, when a bomb attached to his car exploded, [3] and on 9 July, a powerful bomb exploded in a Socialist Workers' Party local office in Durango, Biscay, causing no injuries. [4] In late July, it was reported that ETA was preparing its "summer campaign", with Spanish police looking for several vans the organisation had ready to explode. [5] On 29 July, a van loaded with 300 kilograms (660 lb) of explosives went off in front of a Civil Guard barracks in Burgos, injuring 70, including women and children. [6] [7]

The bombing was the first time since 2007 in which ETA killed more than one person in one of its attacks. On 2 December 2007, two undercover Civil Guards were shot dead in the French town of Capbreton, Aquitaine. [8] It was also the deadliest attack in Spanish soil since the Madrid-Barajas Airport.

The attack was the first time ETA had killed in Majorca, one of the Spanish regions less targeted by ETA. On 18 August 1977, a bomb was deactivated next to a seafront walk. On 31 July 1991, two people were injured after two bombs went off in Palma. Two months later, a car bomb was defused in Palma's main beach. In the summer of 1995, Spanish authorities dismantled a cell of ETA ready to shoot king Juan Carlos I. [9] In 2005, the organisation attempted the magnicide once more in Majorca. [10]

Attack

At 13.50, [11] a 3 kilograms (6.6 lb) bomb placed under a Civil Guard Nissan Patrol went off, [12] killing officers Carlos Saénz de Tejada García and Diego Salva Lezaun. One of the officers died instantly, while paramedics failed to resuscitate the other officer. Both officers were inside the car when the bomb exploded. [13] The vehicle had been parked in the Na Boira street, [13] in front of a government-owned building used as a post office and Civil Guard barracks, among other functions. [11] Many hotels are located in the area, something which caused many foreign tourists, mainly German and British, to witness the blast. [13]

After the attack, authorities started to look for other possible bombs in the area, with the Civil Guard giving the order to search in all barracks on the island. Soon after, a detection dog found a bomb attached to another Civil Guard Nissan Patrol parked in front of a barracks located 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) from where the first bomb had exploded. The area was cordoned off and people evacuated from nearby houses and hotels. At 18.30, Civil Guard bomb disposal officers TEDAX carried out a controlled explosion. [14] The bomb had been placed in a broken down vehicle and was therefore not in use. [12]

Victims

Aftermath

Cathedral of Santa Maria Cathedral palma mallorca spain 2007 08 15.jpg
Cathedral of Santa Maria

On 31 July, a funeral was held at the Cathedral of Santa Maria in Palma. The service was attended by Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero and Prince and Princess of Asturias, Felipe and Letizia. Other people attending the mass were leader of the opposition Mariano Rajoy, Minister of the Interior Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba and Patxi López, among others. At least 2,000 gathered outside of the cathedral and a minute of silence was held across Spain in memory of the dead. [16]

Operation Cage

Right after the attack, and suspecting that the bombers were still on the island, the Civil Guard and the National Police Corps launched a lockdown, an operation named Operation Cage (Spanish : Operación Jaula), [17] the biggest manhunt in the history of the island. [18] Similar operations had been done around Spain in other attacks, such as in the 2004 Madrid train bombings. [19] Checkpoints were set up across the island, while the Palma de Mallorca Airport and all ports were temporarily closed. The airport was closed at 4:00 pm and was re-opened at 5:55 pm, with several flights being delayed. During the rest of the afternoon, the ports were re-opened as well. [17]

The day after the attack, Spanish police released the picture of six members of ETA who could have possibly taken part in the bombing. Police named the suspects as Itziar Martínez Moreno, Iratxe Yáñez Ortiz de Barrón, Alberto Beraza Machain, Oroitz Gurruchaga Gogorza, Joanes Larretxea Mendiola and Iván Sáez de Jáuregui Ortigosa, although no direct evidence linked them to the attack. [20] [21] Meanwhile, at least 1600 police officers were deployed to keep checking around the island, including on fisherman. [22] The intense search was still active in mid August. [23]

Reactions

During a press conference at the Moncloa Palace, Rodríguez Zapatero blamed both bombings "on the terrorist group ETA" and vowed to bring all of its members to justice: "They have no chance to hide, they can't flee, they can't escape justice, they will be arrested, they will be sentenced, they will spend their lives in jail". [24] When arriving on Majorca on 1 August for his yearly summer holidays King Juan Carlos I condemned the attack and vowed to "go on and on hitting them in the head and we must fight to stop them". [25] Condemnation also came from governments worldwide following the bombing:

August bombings

On 9 August, the same day ETA claimed responsibility for the July 30 attack, four bombs exploded in three restaurants and one shopping centre around Palma. The bombs, which contained small amounts of explosives and caused little damage and no injuries, [30] went off after three warning calls from ETA. At 11:16 am local time, a man speaking on behalf of ETA called the firefighters of Calvià, warning that three bombs would go off in Palma. Half an hour later, another person also speaking on behalf of ETA called a taxi company in Gipuzkoa, giving details of the location and time the bombs would explode. Finally, another warning call was mistakenly made to the personal mobile phone of an inhabitant of Córdoba. [31] Authorities reported that the bombers had given contradicting details in each call, leading to confusion on the location of the bombs. [30]

The first bomb exploded at 12:00 pm in the bar "Nica", located in the avenue Comte de Sallent. The explosion was at first not reported, with authorities believing it was a gas explosion. [32] The second bomb exploded at around 2:25 pm in the "La Rigoletta" restaurant, in front of one of Palma's main beaches. The third bomb went off at around 4:00 pm in another restaurant, named "Enco". The fourth device exploded around 6:00 pm in a shopping mall located next to the main square of Palma. As a result of the few details given by the warning calls, police failed to evacuate the attacked restaurants. Nonetheless, no one was injured. [33]

Investigation

Authorities rapidly ruled out the possibility that ETA had a cell in the island, with police believing the attack had been carried out by a unit that had travelled to the island specifically to carry it out. Initial reports stated that the bombers had set the bomb off with a remote control. [13] Once the second bomb was spotted, police announced that it had a timer device, which could have allowed the members of ETA to plant the bomb several days before the attack and leave the island. [34] Earlier, Government delegate for Majorca, Ramon Socías, had said that security forces believed that the bombers had not left Majorca, and were hiding on the island, waiting for the situation to cool down before attempting to leave. [20]

Regarding the 8 August bombings, Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba did not rule out any possibility, although he confirmed that the hypothesis of the bombers leaving the island before the attack was "reasonable", due to the timer devices. [31] All of the bombs had been planted in women's toilets, which led authorities to believe that they had been set by one of the two female suspects, Itziar Martínez Moreno and Iratxe Yáñez Ortiz. [34]

Arrests

On 19 August, Alberto Matxain Beraza was arrested in the French town of Le Corbier in Savoy, next to the French Alps. He was held along with fellow ETA members Aitzol Etxaburu and Andoni Sarasola. They were responsible for ETA’s logistics operation, and had the job of supplying weapons and explosives to the ETA cells operating in Spanish soil. [35] The arrest led to the discovery of almost a tone of explosives, hidden by ETA in 12 small caches around France. [36] On 11 October, Joanes Larretxea was arrested in Rivières, Gard, along with top ETA member Lurgi Mendinueta Mintegi. [37]

Iratxe Yañez Ortiz was arrested on 10 January 2010, in Portugal after she was stopped in a routine traffic check-point in the Spanish town of Bermillo de Sayago, next to Spain-Portugal border. Yañez Ortiz was arrested along another member of ETA, Garikoitz García Arrieta, who was driving a van containing 10 kilograms (22 lb) of explosives, two pistols, a rifle and bomb-making material. [38] She was extradited to Spain on 28 October 2010. [39]

See also

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References

  1. ↑ "ETA's anniversary calling card". bbc.co.uk/news. 31 July 2009. Retrieved 19 December 2010.
  2. 1 2 "Who are ETA?". bbc.co.uk/news. 5 September 2010. Archived from the original on 13 January 2011. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  3. ↑ "Car bomb kills Spanish officer". bbc.co.uk/news. 19 June 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  4. ↑ "Bombers target Basque socialists". euronews.net. 10 July 2009. Archived from the original on 11 October 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  5. ↑ "ETA podría tener otras dos furgonetas-bomba preparadas". diariovasco.com (in Spanish). 30 July 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  6. ↑ "Una furgoneta bomba de ETA explota junto a la casa cuartel de Burgos y causa decenas de heridos". rtve.es/noticias (in Spanish). 29 July 2009. Archived from the original on 28 November 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  7. ↑ "Coste del terrorismo – Perdidas económicas por terrorismo". ertzaintza.net (in Spanish). 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  8. ↑ "Funeral held for Spain bomb dead". bbc.co.uk/news. 31 July 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  9. ↑ "Atentado de ETA en Mallorca". elpais.com (in Spanish). 30 July 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  10. ↑ "ETA vuelve a atentar en Palma". elcorreo.com (in Spanish). 9 August 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  11. 1 2 3 4 "ETA mata a dos guardias civiles con una bomba lapa en un coche patrulla en Calvià". rtve.es/noticias (in Spanish). 30 July 2009. Archived from the original on 26 November 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  12. 1 2 "ETA puso tres kilos de explosivo bajo el asiento del copiloto en el segundo vehículo de Calvià". rtve.es/noticias (in Spanish). 5 August 2009. Archived from the original on 6 December 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  13. 1 2 3 4 "ETA mata a dos guardias civiles en el corazón turístico de Mallorca". elpais.com (in Spanish). 30 July 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  14. ↑ "Explosión controlada de una segunda bomba-lapa en otro coche patrulla en Calvià". rtve.es/noticias (in Spanish). 30 July 2009. Archived from the original on 28 November 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  15. 1 2 "Llega a Burgos el féretro de Carlos Sáenz, mientras Diego Salvá descansa ya en Palma". rtve.es/noticias (in Spanish). 31 July 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  16. ↑ "Los Príncipes de Asturias asisten al funeral de los dos guardias civiles asesinados por ETA". rtve.es/noticias (in Spanish). 31 July 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  17. 1 2 "Las fuerzas de seguridad activan en Mallorca la 'operación Jaula'". elmundo.es (in Spanish). 31 July 2009. Archived from the original on 5 December 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  18. ↑ "Spanish police step up Majorca hunt for Eta car bomb terrorists". telegraph.co.uk/news. 1 August 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  19. ↑ "El mayor atentado de la Historia de España". elmundo.es (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 26 December 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  20. 1 2 "Police release photos of Spain's 6 most wanted terrorists". elpais.com. 31 July 2009. Archived from the original on 4 April 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  21. ↑ "The six most wanted ETA terrorists are probably on the run in Spain". surinenglish.com. 13 August 2009. Archived from the original on 10 January 2011. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  22. ↑ Manresa, Andreu; Bidaurrazaga, Aitor Guenaga (1 August 2009). "Despliegue policial sin precedentes en Mallorca para detener a los asesinos". elpais.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  23. ↑ "La policía cree que la cuarta explosión de Mallorca también fue obra de ETA". cadenaser.com (in Spanish). 10 August 2009. Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  24. ↑ "Zapatero: "Los asesinos serán detenidos, condenados y pasarán su vida en la cárcel"". rtve.es/noticias (in Spanish). 30 July 2009. Archived from the original on 28 November 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  25. ↑ "Spanish royals holiday in Majorca, two days after deadly bombing". google.com/hostednews/afp. 1 August 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  26. ↑ "Atentado en Mallorca impacta a Europa". dw-world.de (in Spanish). 30 July 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  27. ↑ "Merkel condena el atentado y garantiza a Zapatero su apoyo contra el terrorismo". que.es (in Spanish). July 31, 2009. Archived from the original on July 20, 2011. Retrieved December 12, 2010.
  28. ↑ "Condena México atentado con bomba contra Guardia Civil". oem.com.mx (in Spanish). 30 July 2009. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  29. ↑ "Argentina repudia el atentado en Mallorca". eluniversal.com.mx (in Spanish). 31 July 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  30. 1 2 "Mallorca Shaken by Series of Bombings". spiegel.de. 10 August 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  31. 1 2 "Rubalcaba tranquiliza a los turistas y asegura que no son objetivo de ETA". rtve.es/noticias (in Spanish). 11 August 2009. Archived from the original on 26 November 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  32. ↑ "Los investigadores apuestan por que la cuarta explosión en Palma también fue obra de ETA". rtve.es/noticias (in Spanish). 10 August 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  33. ↑ "ETA vuelve a atentar en una zona turística de Palma con tres bombas de poca potencia". elmundo.es (in Spanish). 9 August 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  34. 1 2 "Los etarras colocaron las cuatro bombas de Palma antes de asesinar a los dos guardias civiles". rtve.es/noticias (in Spanish). 10 August 2009. Archived from the original on 26 November 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  35. ↑ "Alberto Machain Beraza, uno de los seis etarras más buscados poco conocido". rtve.es/noticias (in Spanish). 19 August 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  36. ↑ "ETA pierde en seis días una tonelada de material para fabricar explosivos". elmundo.es (in Spanish). 25 August 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  37. ↑ "Caen el 'número dos' del 'aparato militar' de ETA y otro de los etarras más buscados". elmundo.es (in Spanish). 11 October 2010. Archived from the original on 5 December 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  38. ↑ "Detenidos en Portugal dos presuntos etarras tras abandonar una 'furgoneta-bomba' en Zamora". rtve.es/noticias (in Spanish). 10 January 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  39. ↑ "Portugal entrega a España a la supuesta etarra Iratxe Yáñez". rtve.es/noticias (in Spanish). 28 October 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2010.

39°30′53.58″N2°32′3.37″E / 39.5148833°N 2.5342694°E / 39.5148833; 2.5342694

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