2018 Hawaii false missile alert

Last updated

2018 Hawaii missile alert
2018 Hawaii missile alert (cropped).jpg
A screenshot of the alert as displayed on an iOS device
DateJanuary 13, 2018 (2018-01-13)
Time08:08:23 (HST)
Duration38 minutes
Location Hawaii, United States
Type False alarm

On the morning of January 13, 2018, an alert was accidentally issued via the Emergency Alert System and Wireless Emergency Alert System over television, radio, and cellular networks in the U.S. state of Hawaii, instructing citizens to seek shelter due to an incoming ballistic missile. The message was sent at 8:08 a.m. local time and the state had not authorized civil defense outdoor warning sirens to sound.

Contents

38 minutes and 13 seconds later, state officials blamed a miscommunication during a drill at the Hawaii Emergency Management Agency for the first message. Then-Governor David Ige apologized for the erroneous alert. The Federal Communications Commission and the Hawaii House of Representatives launched investigations into the incident, leading to the resignation of the state's emergency management administrator.

Background

Estimated maximum range of some North Korean missiles North Korean missile range.svg
Estimated maximum range of some North Korean missiles

Escalating tensions between North Korea and the United States, including threats by both countries that they could use nuclear weapons against one another, prompted a heightened state of readiness in Hawaii. [2] [3] [4] North Korea had conducted several intercontinental ballistic missile tests over the past year, most recently in November 2017, [5] enhancing its strike capabilities. [6] It is possible that North Korea may have the capability to deliver nuclear missiles to Hawaii. [7] [8] Hawaii is located roughly 4,600 miles (7,400 km) from North Korea, [3] and a missile launched from North Korea would leave approximately 12 to 15 minutes of warning time. [9]

Hawaii officials had been working for some time to refresh the state's emergency plans in case of a nuclear attack from North Korea. [3] [10] An October 2017 email from the University of Hawaii to students with the subject line "In the event of a nuclear attack", [11] containing instructions from the Hawaii Emergency Management Agency on how to react in case of a nuclear attack, [12] caused controversy; [11] a university spokesman ultimately apologized for "any needless concern it may have caused". [13] Testing of the civil defense warning sirens and attack drills were also conducted in the state on the first business day of the month beginning in December 2017. [4] [14] [15] [16] On December 1, 2017, a nuclear threat siren was tested in Hawaii for the first time in more than 30 years, [3] [16] [17] [18] the first of what state officials said would be monthly drills. [15] [16] [19] At 11:45 a.m. on January 2, 2018, the state conducted its monthly test of the civil defense outdoor warning siren system including the sounding of a one-minute Attention Alert Signal (Steady Tone) followed by a one-minute Attack Warning Signal (Wailing Tone). [20] There was no exercise or drill accompanying the test. [20] Prior to January 13, 2018, 26 drills had been conducted. [21] Vern Miyagi, the administrator of the Hawaii Emergency Management Agency, explained that state leaders "couldn't ignore these constant threats and missile tests from North Korea" and felt the need to prepare residents for the possibility of an attack. Officials also outlined what would happen if an emergency alert were sent: a push alert to smartphones and a message interrupting television and radio broadcasts. [17] [22]

Earlier in January 2018, U.S. Federal Communications Commission chairman Ajit Pai said the commission planned to vote to overhaul the wireless emergency alert system. [23] [24] The proposed reforms include providing more detailed information in alerts and confining emergency notifications to a more specific geographic area. Pai said he hoped the reforms, which would take effect if approved by the FCC, would lead to greater use of the alert system in local emergency situations and prompt people to take alerts they receive more seriously. [24] [25]

Incident

The alert

The alert was sent at 8:08 a.m. Hawaii–Aleutian Standard Time. [26] People in Hawaii reported seeing the alert on their smartphones. Many screenshots of the push alert were shared on social media platforms, such as Twitter. [27] [28] The alert read, in all capital letters: [29]

BALLISTIC MISSILE THREAT INBOUND TO HAWAII. SEEK IMMEDIATE SHELTER. THIS IS NOT A DRILL.

Local television broadcasts, including a college basketball game between Florida and Ole Miss being shown on CBS affiliate KGMB and a Premier League match between Tottenham Hotspur and Everton on NBC affiliate KHNL, were also interrupted by a similar alert message, broadcast as a Civil Danger Warning. [30] [31] [32] The alert message on television broadcasts took the form of both an audio message and a scrolling banner. It stated in part: [33]

The U.S. Pacific Command has detected a missile threat to Hawaii. A missile may impact on land or sea within minutes. THIS IS NOT A DRILL. If you are indoors, stay indoors. If you are outdoors, seek immediate shelter in a building. Remain indoors well away from windows. If you are driving, pull safely to the side of the road and seek shelter in a building or lay on the floor. We will announce when the threat has ended. THIS IS NOT A DRILL. Take immediate action measures.

An alert message also interrupted radio broadcasts in the state. [34] [35] In Lihue, a resident reported hearing a message on the radio advising of "an incoming missile warning for the islands of Kauai and Hawaii". [36]

Culpability for the false alert was attributed to an employee at the Hawaii Emergency Management Agency, who officials said was a 10-year agency veteran [37] who had previously exhibited behavior that had troubled coworkers, according to The Washington Post . [38] Vern Miyagi, then-administrator of HI-EMA, said the alert had been inadvertently triggered by the employee as he was working at the Diamond Head Crater headquarters [39] [40] during a shift change. [39] During the shift change, a supervisor ran an unscheduled drill [40] in which he contacted emergency management workers in the guise of an officer from U.S. Pacific Command, according to state officials. The supervisor deviated from the script, officials said, erroneously stating at one point, "This is not a drill", although he reportedly did state before and after the message, "Exercise, exercise, exercise", agency code to indicate a test rather than an actual emergency. [41]

Officials said that upon hearing the supervisor's statement, the employee, who had "confused real-life events and drills" at least twice before [38] believed there was an actual emergency, and he later attested to this in a written statement. [41] In an interview with NBC News, the employee shared that he was "100 percent sure that it was the right decision and that it was real". The man went on to state that he is not to blame for the incident, that overall it was a system failure, and that he did exactly what he was trained to do. [42] He clicked the button to send out an actual notification on Hawaii's emergency alert interface during what was intended to be a test of the state's ballistic missile preparations computer program [43] [44] [a] and then clicked through a second screen, which had been intended as a safeguard, to confirm. [45] [26] [b] An agency spokesman told The Washington Post that the employee was prompted to choose between the options "test missile alert" and "missile alert" and had selected the latter, initiating the alert sent out across the state. [48] The employee later claimed to the Associated Press that he had not heard the "exercise" part of the phone call because a co-worker had placed it on speakerphone partway into the message, and as a result, he had been "100 percent sure" the attack was real. [49] State officials said five other workers were present at the agency at the time and all of them recognized the phone call as an impromptu drill. [50] Since this incident, the employee responsible has received numerous death threats and has expressed his apologies on multiple occasions. [42]

State response

By 8:10 a.m. HST, three minutes after the first alert, Hawaii National Guard Adjutant General Arthur "Joe" Logan had contacted U.S. Pacific Command and confirmed there had been no missile launch. [39] At that time, the Honolulu Police Department was notified that the alert had been a false alarm. Officials used the State Warning Point system at 8:13 a.m. to cancel the alert, preventing it from being sent out to any phones that had not already received it, such as those that were switched off or did not have reception. [51] The employee who originally sent out the erroneous notification did not respond when directed to cancel the alert, according to state officials. [41] He later said he felt like he had been dealt a "body blow" upon realizing the supposed attack had been a drill, the Associated Press reported. [49] Another unidentified worker grabbed the employee's computer mouse and canceled the alert when the first employee failed to respond. [50]

Official messages refuting the emergency alert were not sent out until 8:20 a.m., according to the timeline released by officials after the incident. Hawaii Emergency Management Agency accounts on Facebook and Twitter posted messages at that time urging people to disregard the erroneous alert. Minutes later, Governor David Ige retweeted the HI-EMA message on Twitter and posted a similar message on Facebook to notify followers that the alert had been canceled. [51] Ige later said the delay was caused in part by the fact he did not know his Twitter login information. [52] An email from the state was also sent at about 8:25 a.m. advising that the initial alert was not correct, the Honolulu Star-Advertiser reported. [53]

Electronic highway signs were also used to spread the word that the alert had been issued "in error" and that there was no threat to Hawaii. [54]

Second alert

At 8:45 a.m. HST, 38 minutes after the initial alert was sent to smartphones in Hawaii, [28] a second emergency alert was sent, which stated: [55]

There is no missile threat or danger to the State of Hawaii. Repeat. False Alarm.

The second alert was sent "well after everyone from Hawaii's congressional delegation to the U.S. Pacific Command had assured the world on Twitter that it was a false alarm", Pacific Business News remarked. [56]

Governor David Ige explained at a news conference that afternoon that officials "had to initiate a manual process" and obtain authorization from the Federal Emergency Management Agency in order to send the second alert because there was no automated way to countermand the first alert. [26] Those procedures accounted for the delay more than 30 minutes after officials had confirmed internally that the alert was inaccurate, according to officials. [26] [51]

Effects

During the 38 minutes between the first and second alerts, Hawaii's siren warning system—which had been tested as part of a missile preparedness exercise the previous month for the first time since the Cold War [57] —was not formally activated. [56] [58] Had a missile actually been launched, the Hawaii push alert should have been followed up with another set of alarms with sirens, which did not happen, as observed by some residents. [59] Nevertheless, officials stated that some sirens did appear to go off in some communities, with some residents reporting sirens activated on Oahu a few minutes after the push notification. [60] [33] Little to no activity was reported at military bases in the state. [56] Some commercial flights were reportedly delayed for a short time, although the Hawaii Department of Transportation said there were no widespread impacts at the state's airports and harbors. [61]

Disruptions were reported across the state. Honolulu Civil Beat reported that motorists parked inside the Interstate H-3 tunnel on the island of Oahu for shelter. [62] Hawaii News Now reported that alarms sounded at Aloha Gymfest, an international gymnastics meet in Kailua, sending hundreds of people running for cover. [63] [64] Students at the University of Hawaii at Manoa reportedly headed for marked fallout shelters on campus but, finding them locked, ended up taking shelter in nearby classrooms instead. [12] Officials at the Sony Open PGA Tour golf tournament on Oahu ordered an evacuation of the media center, while staff members sought cover in the kitchen and players' locker room. [65] Tourists at Kualoa Ranch in Kaneohe were taken by staff up to Battery Cooper Bunker, a concrete bunker built in the mountains during WW2 as part of former Kualoa Airfield, and told to shelter there. [66] [28] Congresswoman Colleen Hanabusa later said her husband had been driving on a Honolulu-area freeway and saw cars speeding at up to 100 miles per hour (160 km/h) after the alert was sent out. [67] Many Hawaii residents and visitors sought shelter or rushed through emergency preparations where they were. [19] [63] [68] [69] Some discounted the alarm when they realized that they heard no sirens, and that they personally saw no immediate coverage on television or local radio. [58] [29] Others were in areas where sirens did go off; in addition, some television stations did broadcast the alert. [70]

The incident also created a strain on Hawaii's telephone system. Civil Defense offices in Hawaii were inundated with calls from frightened citizens asking for advice or more information, the New Zealand Herald reported. [68] Many calls to 911 would not go through. [19] [71] Many wireless data services were likewise initially jammed, leaving many unable to access the Internet to confirm whether the alarm was real. [72] Some residents called friends or family members to say goodbye. [58] [63] [73] Others remained where they were, as with Mark Gardner, who, believing that escape was impossible, recorded a final message to his family in anticipation of the missile striking its target. [74] [75]

U.S. Defense Secretary James Mattis reported that the false alert did not appear to have prompted any sort of reaction from the North Korean government. [76]

One man suffered a heart attack minutes after saying what he thought were his last goodbyes to his children following the initial alert, though he survived the heart attack. [77]

The event was examined in an academic article by Richard Ling and Brett Oppegaard. The analysis interviewed 418 people and showed how information (and false information) can propagate quickly in society. [78]

Responses

Fear and panic quickly spread through the locals and tourists of Hawaii. Many Twitter posts and screenshots of text messages shared on social media in the immediate wake of the first alert conveyed confusion, alarm, and fear among those who received the warning. [82] With very little warning and instructions, many people were unsure of what to do. This later became a major criticism of the Hawaii Emergency Management Agency and is a key issue they are working on to improve, which will ensure that people can receive more accurate information in the case of a real emergency. [83]

Federal officials

Avatar of Tulsi Gabbard Tulsi Gabbard, official portrait, 113th Congress (cropped 2).jpg
Avatar of Tulsi Gabbard 🌺
Tulsi Gabbard 🌺
@TulsiGabbard
 Logo of Twitter.svg

English: HAWAII - THIS IS A FALSE ALARM. THERE IS NO INCOMING MISSILE TO HAWAII. I HAVE CONFIRMED WITH OFFICIALS THERE IS NO INCOMING MISSILE.

January 13, 2018

Members of Hawaii's congressional delegation also took to Twitter to dispel the false alarm. Congresswoman Tulsi Gabbard tweeted at 8:19 a.m. HST, about 12 minutes after the initial alert was sent, stating in all capitals that the message was a "false alarm" and that she had confirmed with officials that there was no incoming ballistic missile toward Hawaii. [27] The next day, she told CNN that the incident highlighted the need for President Donald Trump to negotiate with North Korean leader Kim Jong-un to resolve nuclear tensions between the United States and North Korea, and she called for those responsible for the erroneous alert in Hawaii "to be held accountable". [84] Congresswoman Colleen Hanabusa, a 2018 candidate for governor, tweeted that the "panic and fear created by this false alarm was very dangerous". [56] In further comments, Hanabusa panned the delay between the two emergency alerts, suggesting it should not have taken 38 minutes for the second message to be sent. [85] Senator Mazie Hirono tweeted that officials "need to get to the bottom of what happened and make sure it never happens again". [86] In his own tweets immediately after the incident, Senator Brian Schatz repeated that the first alert had been a false alarm. He described the erroneous alert message as "totally inexcusable", adding: [32] "The whole state was terrified. There needs to be tough and quick accountability and a fixed process."

Commander David Benham, a spokesman for U.S. Pacific Command, confirmed to media that there was no imminent missile threat to Hawaii. [86] A spokesman for North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) stated that "NORAD did not see anything that indicated any sort of threat to Hawaii" and said NORAD and U.S. Northern Command were still verifying what had happened. [65] President Trump had also been under fire by critics for his "lack of response" some said. [87] A White House official said the alert had been part of "a state exercise" and President Trump was briefed on the situation. [86] [88] Trump ordered National Security Advisor H.R. McMaster to take charge of the administration's response to the incident. [89] About the incident, Trump said, "They made a mistake." [90]

U.S. Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen said the incident was "unfortunate" and officials were working to prevent a similar false alert from being issued in the future. [60] Speaking on Fox News the next day, she said people "can trust government systems" and should pay attention to any alerts they receive from authorities in the future, in spite of the January 13 incident in Hawaii. [91]

Ajit Pai, chairman of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission, announced the commission would launch a full investigation into the false alert. [23] [24] [92] He blamed Hawaii's government for not having "reasonable safeguards or process controls in place to prevent the transmission of a false alert", [93] later stating that other agencies should "learn from these mistakes". [38]

Congresswoman Tulsi Gabbard stated in an interview after the second emergency alert was sent that the incident was "a taste of the stark reality of what we face here of a potential nuclear strike on Hawaii", referring to the possibility of a North Korean attack. [55] She and former Secretary of Defense William J. Perry both said the false alert highlighted the possibility of an "accidental nuclear war", in which a technical or human error leads to the use of nuclear weapons due to a misunderstanding or misinterpretation. [2] [91]

State officials

David Ige, who served as Governor of Hawaii at the time of the incident Governor David Ige.jpg
David Ige, who served as Governor of Hawaii at the time of the incident

Honolulu Mayor Kirk Caldwell also tweeted that the message had been a false alarm, saying the message had been sent in error before the second alert was sent out by the Hawaii Emergency Management Agency. [80]

HI-EMA administrator Vern Miyagi took responsibility for the incident, [56] ultimately resigning over it. [94] Miyagi described the initial warning as a "mistake", [86] saying it "should have been caught" before the alert was sent out. [23] HI-EMA officials, including Miyagi, said there was no evidence that the agency's systems had been hacked to send the false emergency message. [28]

Miyagi apologized for the false alert, as did Governor David Ige, who called the incident "unfortunate and regrettable". They said officials would review the state's procedures to prevent it from happening again. [23] Ige said: [51]

I know first-hand how today's false alarm affected all of us here in Hawaii, and I am sorry for the pain and confusion it caused. I, too, am extremely upset about this and am doing everything I can do to immediately improve our emergency management systems, procedures and staffing.

Hawaii Senate Majority Leader J. Kalani English said he was "outraged" by the error, which caused unnecessary "panic and pandemonium" throughout the state. [85] Hawaii House of Representatives Speaker Scott K. Saiki announced the House would investigate the incident: [53]

This system we have been told to rely upon failed and failed miserably today. I am deeply troubled by this misstep that could have had dire consequences. Measures must be taken to avoid further incidents that caused wholesale alarm and chaos today. Clearly, government agencies are not prepared and lack the capacity to deal with emergency situations. Apparently, the wrong button was pushed and it took over 30 minutes for a correction to be announced. Parents and children panicked during those 30 minutes. The Hawaii House of Representatives will immediately investigate what happened and there be consequences. This cannot happen again.

The deputy adjutant of the Hawaii National Guard said that notwithstanding the erroneous alert, people should continue to follow instructions and take shelter if another alert is sent in the future. [61]

Aftermath

Investigations

Former U.S. Army Brig. Gen. Bruce E. Oliveira (left) was tasked by the State of Hawaii to lead an internal investigation into the incident. U.S. Army Brig. Gen. Bruce E. Oliveira, left, the commander of Hawaii Army National Guard; U.S. Air Force Maj. Gen. Darryll D.M. Wong, the adjutant general of Hawaii, and Indonesian Brig. Gen. AM Putranto 140901-A-VC646-414.jpg
Former U.S. Army Brig. Gen. Bruce E. Oliveira (left) was tasked by the State of Hawaii to lead an internal investigation into the incident.

State officials held a news conference in the afternoon of January 13 to address the incident. [45] State officials placed former Hawaii Army National Guard commander Bruce E. Oliveira in charge of internally investigating the events that resulted in the false alert being sent out. In his report, published January 30, Oliveira faulted "insufficient management controls, poor computer software design, and human factors" for the incident. [38]

Officials did not name the employee responsible for the error. [41] Hawaii Emergency Management Agency head Vern Miyagi initially declined to say whether the employee, who he said felt "terrible" about the false alert, would face discipline. [54] An agency spokesman said January 14 the employee had been "temporarily reassigned" to a position that did not allow him access to the emergency warning system, pending the result of the internal investigation. [48] [95] The employee was ultimately fired on January 26, following findings in Oliveira's investigation regarding his work history, [38] [49] with NBC News reporting that the employee had "a history of confusing drill and real-world events". [96] A second employee, who was also not identified and whose role in the incident was not disclosed, was suspended without pay. [49] Toby Clairmont, HI-EMA's executive officer, announced January 20 he planned to retire by the end of the year. [97]

The Federal Communications Commission also announced that it would conduct a full investigation into the incident. [98] On January 25, an FCC official announced that the former employee responsible for sending the false report was refusing to cooperate with the FCC probe of the incident. [99] The FCC report, released January 30, faulted the state for failing to quickly notify the public and not having safeguards in place sufficient to prevent the error. [100] FCC Chairman Ajit Pai stated: [38]

Every state and local government that originates alerts needs to learn from these mistakes. Each should make sure they have adequate safeguards in place. … The public needs to be able to trust that when the government issues an alert it is indeed a credible alert.

Miyagi resigned as HI-EMA administrator the same day the state and federal reports were released. [41] Clairmont announced his resignation a day later. [49]

Other official actions

Then-administrator Vern Miyagi said the Hawaii Emergency Management Agency suspended tests while assessing what had happened following the incident. He also announced the agency immediately changed its procedures to require two people, instead of just one, to send out both test alerts and actual alerts. [45] HI-EMA employees will be "counseled and drilled so this never happens again", Miyagi said January 14. [54]

Governor David Ige announced January 15 that he was appointing Brigadier General Kenneth Hara, Hawaii's deputy adjutant general, to oversee a review of the state's emergency management systems and procedures and implement reforms. [101] The agency also moved quickly to implement a cancellation command that officials said can be triggered within seconds of an erroneous alert being sent out, which it reportedly lacked before the January 13 incident. [51] The Hawaii emergency alert interface screen was updated with a BMD False Alarm selection the same day, addressing a system deficiency that made it difficult for the state to countermand an alert sent in error. [43] [44]

HI-EMA reported that some of its employees received death threats after the false alert incident. In a rare public address, Ige called the threats "completely unacceptable" and said he was "ultimately responsible" for the error. [101]

Although Governor Ige's office issued on February 27, 2018, a Siren and Emergency Alert System Test for March 1, 2018, [102] the state of Hawaii did not test the nuclear warning siren in March and dropped its monthly test of the nuclear warning siren beginning on March 1, 2018. [103]

In July 2018, the FCC issued a report and order which makes changes to EAS regulations to "improve the integrity, efficacy, and reliability" of the system and "minimize the potential for false alerts". The changes require EAS participants to configure their hardware to "reject Common Alerting Protocol-based alerts that contain an invalid digital signature and legacy (over-the-air)-based alerts whose expiration time falls outside of specific time limits", and report any false alarms to the FCC. The commission also implemented procedures for authorizing voluntary participation in "live code" tests—public exercises that simulate an actual emergency in order to "promote greater proficiency" in the system by EAS operators and participants. These changes were the result of recommendations from the FCC's report on the Hawaii incident. [104] [105] [106]

Outside Hawaii

North Korea's Rodong Sinmun , the Workers' Party of Korea newspaper, described the false alarm as a "tragicomedy". [107]

An official with the Division of Homeland Security & Emergency Management in the U.S. state of Alaska, also within the theoretical range of North Korean nuclear missiles, said his department encourages Alaskans to shelter in place rather than trying to get elsewhere if there is an attack, as many people in Hawaii did after the false alert was issued. [108]

U.S. Senator Brian Schatz, one of Hawaii's two members of the United States Senate, introduced federal legislation that would prohibit state and local agencies from notifying the public of a missile launch, placing the responsibility on federal authorities to make that determination. [50] In July 2018, Schatz also introduced the Reliable Emergency Alert Distribution Improvement (READI) Act, which proposed that a reporting system be established for false alarms, that FEMA establish best practices on use of emergency alerts and preventing dissemination of false alarms, and that State Emergency Communications Committees (SECCs) be required to update their procedures on a periodic basis. The act also proposed user-visible changes to EAS behavior, including requiring that users be prevented from opting out of wireless alerts originating from FEMA, mandating repetition of EAS broadcasts for active FEMA or presidential alerts, and compelling the FCC to investigate the feasibility of delivering emergency alerts via over-the-top streaming media services. The bill passed in the Senate but failed in the House of Representatives. [109] [110] [111]

Similar incidents

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The selection for PACOM (CDW) – STATE ONLY on the Hawaii emergency alert interface screen is nearby the selections for Amber Alert (CAE) Statewide, Tsunami Warning (CEM) STATE ONLY, Landslide – Hana Road Closure, High Surf Warning North Shores, and other tests. [44]
  2. ↑ Hawaii is the only state in the United States with a pre-programmed Wireless Emergency Alert that can be sent quickly to wireless devices if a ballistic missile is heading toward Hawaii. If the missile is fired from North Korea, the missile would take approximately 20 minutes to reach Hawaii. PACOM would take less than 5 minutes to make a determination that the missile could impact Hawaii and would then notify the Hawaii Emergency Management Agency (HI-EMA). HI-EMA would issue the Civil Defense Warning (CDW) that an inbound missile could impact Hawaii and that people should Shelter-in-Place: Get Inside, Stay Inside, and Stay Tuned. People in Hawaii would have 12 to 15 minutes before impact. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is not required to be notified for approval to cancel an alert. Signal carriers allow people to block alerts from state and local law enforcement agencies, but not those issued by the President. FEMA can send alerts to targeted audiences but has not done so as of January 2018. Other states can take as long as 30 minutes to create, enter and distribute a missile alert. [46] [47]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Civil defense siren</span> Outdoor warning device used to audibly warn about incoming or ongoing danger

A civil defense siren is a siren used to provide an emergency population warning to the general population of approaching danger. Initially designed to warn city dwellers of air raids during World War II, they were later used to warn of nuclear attack and natural disasters, such as tornadoes. The generalized nature of sirens led to many of them being replaced with more specific warnings, such as the broadcast-based Emergency Alert System and the Cell Broadcast-based Wireless Emergency Alerts and EU-Alert mobile technologies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alarm device</span> Type of signal (or device) that alerts people to a dangerous condition

An alarm device is a mechanism that gives an audible, visual, combination, or other kind of alarm signal to alert someone to a problem or condition that requires urgent attention.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emergency Broadcast System</span> Former United States emergency warning system

The Emergency Broadcast System (EBS), sometimes called the Emergency Action Notification System (EANS), was an emergency warning system used in the United States. It was the most commonly used, along with the Emergency Override system. It replaced the previous CONELRAD system and was used from 1963 to 1997, at which point it was replaced by the Emergency Alert System.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CONELRAD</span> Former method of emergency broadcasting in the United States

CONELRAD was a method of emergency broadcasting to the public of the United States in the event of enemy attack during the Cold War. It was intended to allow continuous broadcast of civil defense information to the public using radio stations, while rapidly switching the transmitter stations to make the broadcasts unsuitable for Soviet bombers that might attempt to home in on the signals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emergency Alert System</span> Method of emergency broadcasting in the United States

The Emergency Alert System (EAS) is a national warning system in the United States designed to allow authorized officials to broadcast emergency alerts and warning messages to the public via cable, satellite and broadcast television and AM, FM and satellite radio. Informally, Emergency Alert System is sometimes conflated with its mobile phone counterpart Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA), a different but related system. However, both the EAS and WEA, among other systems, are coordinated under the Integrated Public Alert and Warning System (IPAWS). The EAS, and more broadly IPAWS, allows federal, state, and local authorities to efficiently broadcast emergency alert and warning messages across multiple channels. The EAS became operational on January 1, 1997, after being approved by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in November 1994, replacing the Emergency Broadcast System (EBS), and largely supplanted Local Access Alert systems, though Local Access Alert systems are still used from time to time. Its main improvement over the EBS, and perhaps its most distinctive feature, is its application of a digitally encoded audio signal known as Specific Area Message Encoding (SAME), which is responsible for the characteristic "screeching" or "chirping" sounds at the start and end of each message. The first signal is the "header" which encodes, among other information, the alert type and locations, or the specific area that should receive the message. The last short burst marks the end-of-message. These signals are read by specialized encoder-decoder equipment. This design allows for automated station-to-station relay of alerts to only the area the alert was intended for.

The four-minute warning was a public alert system conceived by the British Government during the Cold War and operated between 1953 and 1992. The name derived from the approximate length of time from the point at which a Soviet nuclear missile attack against the United Kingdom could be confirmed and the impact of those missiles on their targets.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emergency population warning</span> Warning issued by authorities to the public en masse

An emergency population warning is a method where by local, regional, or national authorities can contact members of the public to warn them of an impending emergency. These warnings may be necessary for a number of reasons, including:

A false alarm, also called a nuisance alarm, is the deceptive or erroneous report of an emergency, causing unnecessary panic and/or bringing resources to a place where they are not needed. False alarms may occur with residential burglary alarms, smoke detectors, industrial alarms, fire alarms and in signal detection theory. False alarms have the potential to divert emergency responders away from legitimate emergencies, which could ultimately lead to loss of life. In some cases, repeated false alarms in a certain area may cause occupants to develop alarm fatigue and to start ignoring most alarms, knowing that each time it will probably be false. Intentionally falsely activating alarms in businesses and schools can lead to serious disciplinary actions, and criminal penalties such as fines and jail time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sony Open in Hawaii</span> Golf tournament in Hawaii, United States

The Sony Open in Hawaii is a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour, and is part of the tour's FedEx Cup Series. It has been contested at the Waialae Country Club in Honolulu, Hawaii, since the event's modern-day inception as the Hawaiian Open in November 1965.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">J-Alert</span> Japanese disaster alert system

J-Alert is the early warning system used in Japan. J-Alert was launched in February 2007. The system is designed to quickly inform the public of threats and emergencies such as earthquakes, severe weather, and other dangers. The system was developed in the hope that early warnings would speed up evacuation times and help coordinate emergency response.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wireless Emergency Alerts</span> Mobile device emergency announcement system in the United States

Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA), formerly known as the Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS), and prior to that as the Personal Localized Alerting Network (PLAN), is an alerting network in the United States designed to disseminate emergency alerts to mobile devices such as cell phones and pagers. Organizations are able to disseminate and coordinate emergency alerts and warning messages through WEA and other public systems by means of the Integrated Public Alert and Warning System.

A civil danger warning is a warning issued through the Emergency Alert System (EAS) in the United States to warn the public of an event that presents danger to a significant civilian population. It is typically issued by a local or state authority and is relayed by the National Weather Service. The warning usually mentions a specific hazard such as contaminated water supply, active shooting, unexpected weather alert such as causing roads to be extremely dangerous, major accident, or an imminent or in-progress military or terrorist attack. It may also provide instructions for protective action such as to evacuate, shelter-in-place, boil water or seek medical treatment. The warning has a higher priority than a local area emergency (LAE), as well as a Civil Emergency Message (CEM).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">David Ige</span> American politician & engineer (born 1957)

David Yutaka Ige is an American politician and engineer who served as the eighth governor of Hawaii from 2014 to 2022. A Democrat, he served in the Hawaii State Senate from 1994 to 2014 and the Hawaii House of Representatives from 1985 to 1994.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alert Ready</span> National alerting system of Canada

The National Public Alerting System, branded as Alert Ready, is the national warning system in Canada, broadcast to Canadian television, radio, and wireless devices.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nuclear close calls</span> List of incidents which could have led to a nuclear exchange

A nuclear close call is an incident that might have led to at least one unintended nuclear detonation or explosion, but did not. These incidents typically involve a perceived imminent threat to a nuclear-armed country which could lead to retaliatory strikes against the perceived aggressor. The damage caused by international nuclear exchange is not necessarily limited to the participating countries, as the hypothesized rapid climate change associated with even small-scale regional nuclear war could threaten food production worldwide—a scenario known as nuclear famine. There have also been a number of accidents involving nuclear weapons, such as crashes of nuclear armed aircraft.

On February 1, 2005, the Emergency Alert System was activated in portions of Connecticut calling for the immediate evacuation of the entire state. The activation was in error. Later studies showed that residents did not evacuate, and that the most common response was to 'change the channel' or seek other confirmation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2017–2018 North Korea crisis</span> North Korea–US period of tension

The 2017–2018 North Korea crisis was a period of heightened tension between North Korea and the United States throughout 2017. The crisis began early in 2017 when North Korea conducted a series of missile and nuclear tests that demonstrated the country's ability to launch ballistic missiles beyond its immediate region, suggesting their nuclear weapons capability was developing at a faster rate than had been assessed by U.S. intelligence. Both countries started exchanging increasingly heated rhetoric, including nuclear threats and personal attacks between the two leaders, which, compounded by a joint U.S.–South Korea military exercise undertaken in August and North Korea's sixth nuclear test in September, raised international tensions in the region and beyond and stoked fears about a possible nuclear conflict between the two nations. In addition, North Korea also threatened Australia twice with nuclear strikes throughout the year for their allegiance with the United States. International relations lecturer and former government strategist Van Jackson said in the book On the Brink: Trump, Kim, and the Threat of Nuclear War that it was the closest the world had come to nuclear war since the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Vern T. Miyagi is a former administrator of the Hawaii Emergency Management Agency (HI-EMA) who was responsible for the day-to-day operations of HI-EMA from September 11, 2015 to January 30, 2018. Before that he was executive officer at HI-EMA. He is a retired United States Army major general with over 37 years service. In January 2018 he took responsibility for the false issue of a warning of nuclear attack on Hawaii even though it was not him who mistakenly issued the warning. He resigned on January 30, 2018, in response to the false alarm.

The Hawaii Emergency Management Agency (HI-EMA) is the body responsible for managing emergencies in the United States State of Hawaii.

Events from 2018 in Hawaii.

References

  1. ↑ "How potent are North Korea's threats?". BBC News Online . September 15, 2015.
  2. 1 2 Fisher, Max (January 14, 2018). "Hawaii False Alarm Hints at Thin Line Between Mishap and Nuclear War" . The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Meza, Summer (January 13, 2018). "Is Hawaii Prepared for North Korea Nuclear Attack? Island State Just 4,600 Miles From Rogue Nation". Newsweek. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  4. 1 2 Gurney, Matt (January 14, 2018). "Hawaii's false missile alert was a wake-up call for a complacent world". Maclean's. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  5. ↑ Jochum, Kateri (January 14, 2018). "'Primal fear' as people across Hawaii get false alert of missile attack". WPVI-TV ABC 6. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  6. ↑ Graff, Garrett (January 14, 2018). "Minutes to Live: When the Nuclear Push Alert is Not a Mistake". Esquire. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  7. ↑ Kaleem, Jaweed (November 10, 2017). "As North Korean threat grows, Hawaii prepares for nuclear attack". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 12, 2019. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  8. ↑ Carey, Joseph (January 14, 2018). "World War 3: Hawaii governor 'calls on Trump' to Confront North Korea to prevent crisis". Sunday Express. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  9. ↑ Jones, Caleb (January 18, 2018). "After Hawaii false alarm, what is the federal government's responsibility in nuclear attack alerts?". PBS NewsHour. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
  10. ↑ Blair, Allyson (September 26, 2017). "Hawaii schools not prepared to shelter children in event of nuclear strike". Hawaii News Now. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  11. 1 2 Anderson, Nick (October 10, 2017). "'In the event of a nuclear attack': U-Hawaii's curious email to students and staff" . The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 20, 2023. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  12. 1 2 Nagaoka, Ashley (January 13, 2018). "After missile alert mistake, UH students ran for cover and hid in classrooms". Hawaii News Now. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  13. ↑ Glum, Julia (October 10, 2017). "University of Hawaii Students Warned About Possible North Korea Nuclear Attack". Newsweek. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  14. ↑ Spoon, Sarah (January 13, 2018). "ESU Professor vacations in Hawaii during false ballistic missile alert". The Bulletin. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  15. 1 2 Garcia, Marco (November 27, 2017). "Hawaii to resume Cold War-era nuclear siren tests amid North Korea threat". Reuters. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  16. 1 2 3 Sullivan, Emily (December 2, 2017). "Hawaii Initiates A New Monthly Test Of A Nuclear Siren". NPR. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
  17. 1 2 Tolan, Casey (January 16, 2017). "Hawaii is preparing for a North Korean nuclear attack. Should the Bay Area follow suit?". The Mercury News. Retrieved January 30, 2017.
  18. ↑ McAvoy, Audrey; Kelleher, Jennifer (January 13, 2018). "Officials in Hawaii apologize for 'false alarm' missile warning". WHAM 13. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  19. 1 2 3 Boboltz, Sara; Russo, Carla Herreria; D'Angelo, Chris (January 13, 2018). "Ballistic Missile Emergency Alert Mistakenly Sent To People In Hawaii". Huffington Post. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  20. 1 2 Rapoza, Richard; Agbayani, Arlina (December 29, 2017). "Media Advisory: Monthly Siren and Emergency Alert System Test for January 2, 2018". Governor Ige newsroom. Honolulu. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
  21. ↑ Schaefers, Allison (February 6, 2018). "State agency disputes 'button pusher's' account". Star-Advertiser. Honolulu. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
  22. ↑ Moyer, Edward (January 13, 2018). "Hawaii missile alert on smartphones was false alarm". CNET. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  23. 1 2 3 4 Cowan, Richard (January 13, 2018). "Ballistic missile warning sent in error by Hawaii authorities". Reuters. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  24. 1 2 3 McCausland, Phil (January 14, 2018). "Hawaii false missile alert: FCC to open probe into mistaken warning". NBC News. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  25. ↑ Romm, Tony (January 8, 2018). "After Hurricane Harvey and the California wildfires, the FCC is aiming to upgrade the country's wireless alert system". Recode. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  26. 1 2 3 4 Ortiz, Erik; McCausland, Phil; Bailey, Chelsea (January 13, 2018). "Hawaii 'ballistic missile threat' alert to phones was false alarm, officials say". NBC News. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  27. 1 2 David, Javier (January 13, 2018). "False alarm sends Hawaii scrambling amid report of a ballistic missile heading toward the island". CNBC. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 Barr, Johanna; Sanger, David E.; Nagourney, Adam (January 13, 2018). "Hawaii Panics After Alert About Incoming Missile Is Sent in Error" . The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 9, 2022. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  29. 1 2 Wang, Amy B.; Lyte, Brittany (January 13, 2018). "'BALLISTIC MISSILE THREAT INBOUND TO HAWAII,' the alert screamed. It was a false alarm" . The Washington Post. Archived from the original on April 19, 2019. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  30. ↑ Burke, Timothy (January 13, 2018). "Hawaiians Watching Morning Sports Treated To Terrifying 'THIS IS NOT A DRILL' Missile Threat Alert [UPDATES]". Deadspin. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  31. 1 2 Jones, Stephen (January 13, 2018). "'Ballistic missile threat inbound... this is not a drill' Panic in Hawaii over phone message sent in error". Mirror. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  32. 1 2 Joyce, Kathleen (January 13, 2018). "Hawaii emergency officials say ballistic missile threat alert was a mistake". Fox News. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  33. 1 2 "Hawaii missile alert: False alarm warns residents of "ballistic missile threat"". CBS News. January 13, 2018. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  34. ↑ Weiss, Brennan (January 13, 2018). "Video shows the horrifying moment when a false ballistic missile threat alert interrupted a soccer game on TV in Hawaii". Business Insider. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  35. ↑ "See the warning Hawaiians saw on TV during missile scare". KABC-TV ABC 7. January 13, 2018. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  36. ↑ Letman, Jon (January 13, 2018). "Terror in Paradise: I Got the Hawaii Missile Message and Prepared to Die". The Daily Beast. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  37. ↑ Bacon, John (January 15, 2018). "Hawaii worker who pushed button reassigned after bungled missile alert". USA Today. Retrieved January 15, 2018.
  38. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Berman, Mark; Fung, Brian (January 30, 2018). "Hawaii's false missile alert sent by troubled worker who thought an attack was imminent, officials say" . The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 20, 2023. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
  39. 1 2 3 Schaefers, Allison (January 14, 2018). "State had no safeguards to prevent nuclear scare, FCC says". Star-Advertiser. Honolulu. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
  40. 1 2 Van Dyke, Michelle Broder; Mack, David; Jamieson, Amber (January 13, 2018). "A False Alarm 'Ballistic Missile Threat' Message Was Sent To Hawaii Residents". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  41. 1 2 3 4 5 Kang, Cecilia (January 30, 2018). "Hawaii Missile Alert Wasn't Accidental, Officials Say, Blaming Worker" . The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
  42. 1 2 Man Who Sent Hawaii False Missile Alert Speaks Out | NBC Nightly News, February 2, 2018, retrieved September 25, 2019
  43. 1 2 Wu, Nina (January 16, 2018). "State issues different image of screen leading to employee's false missile alert". Star-Advertiser. Honolulu. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  44. 1 2 3 Coldewey, Devin (January 16, 2018). "Hawaii's emergency alert interface looks straight out of the '90s". TechCrunch . Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  45. 1 2 3 Darrah, Nicole; Joyce, Kathleen (January 13, 2018). "Hawaii's scary false missile threat: Worker's push of the 'wrong button' to blame". Fox News. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  46. ↑ "Federal responsibility in nuclear attack alerts is unclear". Star-Advertiser. Honolulu. Associated Press. January 17, 2018. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
  47. ↑ Wu, Nina (January 17, 2018). "State education department addresses missile scare". Star-Advertiser. Honolulu. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
  48. 1 2 Wang, Amy B. (January 14, 2018). "Hawaii missile alert: How one employee 'pushed the wrong button' and caused a wave of panic" . The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 1, 2023. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  49. 1 2 3 4 5 Sinco Kelleher, Jennifer (February 2, 2018). "Hawaii man says he's devastated about sending missile alert". ABC News. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
  50. 1 2 3 Peterkin, Olivia (February 13, 2018). "It's been a month since Hawaii's false missile alert. Here's what's changed". Hawaii News Now. Retrieved February 14, 2018.
  51. 1 2 3 4 5 "Hawaii emergency officials release timeline of false ballistic missile alert". KITV 4. January 13, 2018. Archived from the original on September 11, 2020. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  52. ↑ Dayton, Kevin (January 22, 2018). "After false missile alarm, Ige couldn't log on to Twitter". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
  53. 1 2 "'Wrong button' sends out false missile alert". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. January 13, 2018. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  54. 1 2 3 Darrah, Nicole; Joyce, Kathleen (January 14, 2018). "Hawaii's false missile threat: Worker 'feels terrible' after pushing the wrong button". Fox News. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  55. 1 2 Bowden, John (January 13, 2018). "38 minutes elapse between Hawaii missile alert and false alarm announcement". The Hill. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  56. 1 2 3 4 5 Magin, Janis (January 13, 2018). "Hawaii officials take 38 minutes to cancel false incoming ballistic alert". Pacific Business News. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  57. ↑ Kelkar, Kamala (December 2, 2017). "Hawaii sounds first nuclear warning siren since Cold War". PBS NewsHour. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  58. 1 2 3 "Hawaii officials mistakenly warn islanders of inbound missile". The Oregonian. January 13, 2018. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  59. ↑ "Breaking down the false alarm Hawaii missile threat". MSNBC. Retrieved August 10, 2023.
  60. 1 2 "US Homeland Security Chief Vows to Correct Hawaii's Missile Alert System". Voice of America. January 14, 2018. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  61. 1 2 "Missile threat text alert sent in error after employee pushed wrong button". KHON 2. January 13, 2018. Archived from the original on March 7, 2018. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  62. ↑ Grulbe, Nick (January 13, 2018). "False Missile Threat Mistakenly Triggered As Part Of Internal Drill". Honolulu Civil Beat. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  63. 1 2 3 "Terror. Fear. Alarm. For 38 minutes, Hawaii thought it was under attack". Hawaii News Now. January 13, 2018. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  64. ↑ "Kokokahi Gymnastics Team". Archived from the original on January 15, 2018. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  65. 1 2 Kohli, Sonali; Ottey, Michael A.W.; Chang, Heidi (January 13, 2018). "False alert of missile attack sparks panic in Hawaii". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  66. ↑ Mendoza, Jim (January 19, 2018). "At Kualoa Ranch, a real WWII-era bunker came in pretty handy this weekend". Hawaii News Now. Archived from the original on January 19, 2018. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  67. ↑ "Hanabusa criticizes governor for delay in letting the public know about false alarm". KITV 4. January 13, 2018. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  68. 1 2 "Panic in Hawaii as Civil Defense accidentally issues alert for 'inbound ballistic missile threat'". New Zealand Herald. January 14, 2018. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  69. ↑ Andone, Dakin (January 13, 2017). "From paradise to panic: Hawaii residents and vacationers react to the false alarm". CNN. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  70. ↑ "Hawaii missile alert: False alarm warns residents of 'ballistic missile threat'". January 13, 2018. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
  71. ↑ Steinmetz, Juergen (January 13, 2018). "Ballistic missile threat inbound for Hawaii – take immediate shelter! A 50-minute panic for tourists and residents". eTurboNews. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  72. ↑ "How Hawaii reacted to false missile alert". BBC News. 2018. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  73. ↑ Wong, Alia (January 14, 2018). "Pandemonium and Rage in Hawaii". The Atlantic. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  74. ↑ "Hawaiian man prepares to live final minutes on golf course after rumored missile launch". Golf. Retrieved December 6, 2022.
  75. ↑ deCourcy, Michael (January 14, 2018). "Watch: Hawaiian man decides to keep golfing during ballistic missile threat". theScore.com. Retrieved December 6, 2022.
  76. ↑ Nichols, Hans (January 15, 2018). "North Korea didn't react to false Hawaii missile alert, Mattis says". NBC News. Retrieved January 15, 2018.
  77. ↑ Consillo, Kristen (November 28, 2018). "Man who suffered heart attack during Hawaii missile alert sues state". Honolulu Star Advertiser. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  78. ↑ Ling, Rich; Oppegaard, Brett (2021). "THIS IS NOT A DRILL: Mobile Telephony, Information Verification, and Expressive Communication During Hawaii's False Missile Alert". Social Media + Society. 7 (1): 205630512199966. doi: 10.1177/2056305121999661 . ISSN   2056-3051.
  79. ↑ Wood, Vincent (January 13, 2018). "Hawaii False Alert: Chilling ballistic missile warning issued to residents in Error". Express. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  80. 1 2 Von Quednow, Cindy (January 13, 2018). "Hawaii Issues Missile Warning in Error, Sending Panic on Social Media". KTLA 5. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  81. ↑ Politi, Daniel (January 13, 2018). "False Emergency Alert of Incoming Ballistic Missile Attack Rattles Hawaii". Slate. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  82. ↑ [28] [31] [79] [80] [81]
  83. ↑ Karl, Kristyn; Lytle, Ashley (January 10, 2019). "This is not a drill: Lessons from the false Hawaiian missile alert". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
  84. ↑ Watkins, Eli (January 14, 2018). "Gabbard: 'Unacceptable' false alarm missile warning in Hawaii underscores need for talks with North Korea". CNN. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  85. 1 2 "Lawmakers demand answers on false missile alarm — and state's response". Hawaii News Now. January 13, 2018. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  86. 1 2 3 4 Cohen, Zachary (January 13, 2018). "Missile threat alert for Hawaii a false alarm". CNN. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  87. ↑ "Hawaii in shock after false missile alert". BBC. January 14, 2018. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
  88. ↑ Baynes, Chris; Buncombe, Andrew (January 13, 2018). "Hawaiians were sent an 'inbound ballistic missile' alert by mistake". The Independent. Retrieved August 10, 2023.
  89. ↑ Johnson, Eliana (January 13, 2018). "White House scrambles after false missile warning in Hawaii". Politico. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  90. ↑ Ruiz, Joe (January 14, 2018). "Trump on Hawaii false missile alert: 'They made a mistake'". CNN. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  91. 1 2 "US official defends early-warning systems after Hawaii 'failure'". Agence France Presse. January 14, 2018. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  92. ↑ "Hawaii alert: False missile alarm sparks panic". BBC News. January 13, 2018. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  93. ↑ Hendel, John (January 14, 2018). "Hawaii to blame for false alarm, FCC chief suggests". POLITICO. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  94. ↑ "HI-EMA's Miyagi resigns, 'button pusher' fired in aftermath of false missile alert". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. January 30, 2018. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
  95. ↑ Gajanan, Mahita (January 15, 2018). "The Person Who Sent Hawaii's False Missile Alert Has Been Reassigned". TIME. Retrieved January 15, 2018.
  96. ↑ Silva, Daniella (January 31, 2018). "Worker who sent Hawaii missile false alarm believed threat was real". NBC News. Retrieved May 17, 2021.
  97. ↑ Consillio, Kristen (January 22, 2018). "HI-EMA executive officer Clairmont retiring this year". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
  98. ↑ Shepardson, David (January 13, 2018). "FCC says launching full inquiry into false Hawaii missile alert". Reuters . Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  99. ↑ McCabe, David (January 25, 2018). "Staffer behind Hawaii false alert isn't cooperating with FCC probe". Axios . Retrieved January 25, 2018.
  100. ↑ McGill, Margaret Harding (January 30, 2018). "FCC: Official who sent false Hawaii missile alert believed it was real". Politico. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
  101. 1 2 "Ige: False missile alert won't happen again; 'you have my promise'". Hawaii News Now. January 15, 2018. Retrieved January 15, 2018.
  102. ↑ Rapoza, Richard; Agbayani, Arlina (February 27, 2018). "Siren and Emergency Alert System Test March 1, 2018". Governor Ige newsroom. Honolulu. Retrieved March 5, 2018.
  103. ↑ Shapiro, David (March 4, 2018). "Caution in order for nuclear alert plan". Star-Advertiser. Honolulu. Retrieved March 5, 2018.
  104. ↑ Carman, Ashley (July 13, 2018). "The FCC is changing up the country's emergency alert system to prevent another Hawaii incident". The Verge. Retrieved July 13, 2018.
  105. ↑ "FCC PROMOTES EMERGENCY ALERT RELIABILITY" (PDF). FCC. July 12, 2018. Retrieved July 13, 2018.
  106. ↑ "Fact Sheet: Amendment of Part 11 of the Commission's Rules Regarding the Emergency Alert System" (PDF). FCC. June 21, 2018. Retrieved July 13, 2018.
  107. ↑ "North Korea mocks Trump, calls Hawaii's false alarm a 'tragicomedy'". Honolulu Star-Advertiser . Tokyo. Associated Press and New York Times . January 16, 2018. Archived from the original on November 18, 2021. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
  108. ↑ "Alaska taking different tack from Hawaii on missile alerts". KTVA. January 14, 2018. Archived from the original on January 14, 2018. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  109. ↑ Wattles, Jackie (March 8, 2019). "Should Netflix and Hulu give you emergency alerts?". CNN. Retrieved April 28, 2019.
  110. ↑ "Senate Approves 'READI' Act To Inform Public In Emergencies". All Access. Retrieved April 28, 2019.
  111. ↑ Ashworth, Susan (July 23, 2018). "Sens. Schatz, Thune Introduce READI Act to Improve EAS". TvTechnology. Retrieved April 28, 2019.
  112. 1 2 "Japanese public TV says staffer sent missile alert in error". Star-Advertiser. Honolulu. Associated Press. January 17, 2018. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  113. ↑ Yamamoto, Arata; Bailey, Nick (January 16, 2018). "Days after Hawaii alert mishap, Japan sends false alarm about North Korea launch". NBC News.
  114. ↑ Kesslen, Ben (September 19, 2019). ""Are we going to die?": False emergency alarms set off in Hawaii, again". NBC News. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
  115. ↑ Austen, Ian (January 12, 2020). "Ontario Warned of a Nuclear 'Emergency,' Then Said Never Mind" . The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 7, 2023. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
  116. ↑ Draaisma, Muriel (January 12, 2020). "Ontario government apologizes for alert about Pickering nuclear plant incident sent 'in error'". CBC News. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
  117. ↑ D'Mello, Colin (February 27, 2020). "'Human error' caused false Pickering, Ont. nuclear alert, investigation reveals". CTV News Toronto. Retrieved February 27, 2020.
  118. ↑ "BBC Radio 4 - Drama on 4, Emergency Alert: Ballistic Missile Inbound". BBC. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.