2021 United Kingdom fuel supply crisis

Last updated

No fuel at a north London Shell service station 28 September 2021 No fuel at Shell, East Barnet Road, 28 September 2021.jpg
No fuel at a north London Shell service station 28 September 2021

The 2021 United Kingdom fuel supply crisis was a period of a few weeks in which petrol stations in some parts of the UK ran out of fuel.

Contents

In September 2021, almost 21 years since the last fuel crisis, which took place in September 2000, panic buying of fuel was reported to be caused by media reports of a leaked government briefing discussing the shortage of heavy goods vehicle (HGV) drivers. Some analysts and politicians linked the driver shortage to Brexit, whilst others blamed the COVID-19 pandemic, or their combined impact. Although the UK did not have a shortage of fuel, the panic buying of fuel combined with supply chain issues caused by the media and the HGV driver shortage led to many petrol stations running out of fuel.

By 22 October 2021, fuel station stocks were at their highest level since May.

Problem

Queues for fuel at East Barnet Esso service station 27 September 2021 03.jpg
Queues for fuel at an Esso petrol station in East Barnet, North London on 27 September 2021
All fuel sold out at Esso, East Barnet Road, London 28 September 2021.jpg
Same location 24 hours later, all fuel sold out

In September 2021, Great Britain suffered a fuel supply shortage for a few weeks after news reports of an ongoing lack of HGV drivers spurred panic buying of fuel. [1] [2] [3] Forecourts in Northern Ireland were not affected. [4] [5]

By 26 September 2021, BP, which operates 1,200 stations in the United Kingdom, estimated that 30% of their sites did not have either of the main grades of fuel, unleaded 95 RON petrol and "standard" diesel". In turn, this led to higher rates of consumption of "super" unleaded and diesel which are typically available on UK forecourts, until they also ran out. Suppliers then focused on supply of standard grades, creating extended pressure on the supply of the premium grades which some vehicles require. [6] On 27 September, Reuters reported that 50 to 90% of fuel stations in some regions of England had run dry. [7] [8]

Businesses involved in the fuel industry said in a joint statement on 29 September that they were "now seeing signs that the situation at the pumps has begun to improve". [9] A week after the panic buying had started, getting petrol in the South East of England was still a problem, although the situation had improved in the north and the Midlands. [10] [11] The chairman of the Petrol Retailers Association said in a radio interview on 2 October that the situation was improving in Scotland, the North of England and parts of the Midlands but worsening in the South East of England and London. [10] [12] On the following day, the organisation issued a statement stating that "The fuel is still not going to the pumps that need it most in London and the South East... [but the] crisis is virtually at an end in Scotland, the North and Midlands". 22% of stations in London and the South-East remained without fuel and 40% were lacking one of the main fuel grades. [13] By October, some garage owners believed the remaining supply issues were no longer linked to panic buying. On 4 October, the Petrol Retailers Association said some forecourts in South East England had been without fuel for a week. [14]

On 13 October, Asda reported not having had a shortage of fuel for a week, [15] and by 22 October the BBC reported that stock levels in service station storage tanks were at their highest levels since May. [3]

Easing measures

In 2011 the British Government published guidance for energy emergency planning and priority fuel allocation, listing 10 schemes which could be implemented in the event of a fuel supply or demand issue. [16] Due to problems with the supply chain in January 2021, one of these schemes, the relaxation of drivers' hours, had already been implemented earlier in the year and subsequently extended to October, so it was already in place when the panic started. [17] On 26 September UK Business Secretary Kwasi Kwarteng announced the oil industry will be exempted from the Competition Act 1998 so that companies can coordinate and deliver petroleum products easier in light of fuel shortages brought on by panic buying. [18] On 28 September, a number of military tanker drivers were placed on standby to be deployed if deemed necessary. [19] On 29 September, Kwasi Kwarteng tweeted that the Reserve Tanker fleet which consists of 80 vehicles would be released on that afternoon. [20] [21]

On 2 October it was announced that the army would start to deliver fuel to filling stations on Monday 4 October and that 300 foreign tanker drivers would immediately be temporarily allowed to work in the UK until the end of March 2022. [22]

Causes

The fuel supply problems and panic buying have been widely debated in the media, with the causes attributed to a range of possible triggers.

Panic buying

Trigger

Empty Sainsbury's filling station in Ashford, Kent, October 2021 No Fuel, Sainsbury's Ashford.jpg
Empty Sainsbury's filling station in Ashford, Kent, October 2021

Multiple sources have stated that an industry task force meeting took place on Zoom on 16 September where BP fuel stock levels were discussed. It has been alleged that the notes from this meeting were then passed to ITV who reported on the contents of the meeting. [23] [24] [25] The chair of the Petrol Retailers Association blamed the leaking of the information about BP stock levels for the panic. [26] On 26 September, Grant Shapps, the transport secretary, accused road haulage associations of purposefully briefing the information to the media to help bolster their arguments for more European drivers stating: "I know that they're desperate to have more European drivers undercutting British salaries, I know that's been their ask all along." [27] The Road Haulage Association has denied these allegations. [28]

Effect

An analysis by i of fuel delivery data showed that although there was a slight dip in forecourt stock levels just before it, that during the supply crisis fuel deliveries to forecourts did not drop significantly and concluded, based on comparisons with historic supply and demand level patterns, that panic buying was the cause of any shortages. [29]

Aggravating factors

Fuel retailers say that in the run up to the introduction of E10 petrol, planned for 1 September 2021, that they had already been emptying their tanks ready to make the change when the panic buying took hold and quickly drained them. [30] On 7 October 2021 official figures showed that although petrol station deliveries had been consistent throughout the summer and most of September, that fuel stocks at forecourts fell by up to 25% after the introduction of E10 fuel on 1 September. [30] When panic buying started on 24 September, there was not enough fuel in forecourt storage tanks to keep up with demand. [30] In an examination of the just-in-time (JIT) logistics model, Sky News suggests that, because panic buying had led to a sudden depletion of fuel stocks in forecourts, that the JIT delivery strategy was unable to react quickly enough to supply the sudden increase in demand. [31]

Brexit

Former chief negotiator EU to the UK Michel Barnier, [32] Candidate for Chancellor of Germany Olaf Scholz, [33] French Secretary of State for European Affairs Clement Beaune, [34] and Deputy Leader of Ireland Leo Varadkar, [35] linked the crisis to Brexit – the UK's withdrawal from the EU. Former Conservative MP Anna Soubry and Shadow Justice Secretary David Lammy also suggested Brexit was a factor. On the other hand, Grant Shapps, the UK transport secretary, had said that driver shortage was a problem in Europe, and that Brexit had helped the UK to "provide a solution". [33] However, Shapps later admitted that Brexit had been "a factor". [36]

The Grocer trade magazine reported a loss of 12,500 EU drivers from the UK before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, around 18% of the overall shortfall of 70,000 HGV drivers in Britain. It cited drivers choosing to work elsewhere or not work due to working conditions, retirement, the lack of driving tests during the pandemic lockdown, and changes in taxation as major causes. [37] BBC News also noted a fall of 25,000 drivers passing HGV driver tests between 2019 and 2020 and changes to IR35 tax rules which made it more expensive for EU drivers to work in the UK. [38] ITV News also cited high rates of attrition in haulage firm staffing. [39]

Industry commentators have noted that despite driver shortages, EU countries have not experienced supply problems to petrol station forecourts, and this has been attributed to the greater flexibility of labour deployment and cabotage within the European Single Market. [40] [33] According to the BBC, the market research organisation Transport Intelligence found significant HGV shortages in Poland and Germany, but noted that these countries were able to rely on a Europe-wide pool of labour to mitigate for these shortages. [38] Richard Burnett, CEO of the Road Haulage Association expressed the view that the driver shortage could only be solved by "access to temporary foreign labour in the short term to recruit a UK-based workforce for the longer term". [39]

COVID-19 pandemic

BBC News Online noted that the COVID-19 pandemic was one of a number of key causes for the shortfall of HGV drivers, and noted that the lockdown had contributed to a significant fall in the number of candidates passing HGV driver tests. [38] [41] Members of Parliament Lucy Allan and Philip Dunne identified the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic as a cause. [42]

BBC reporter Phil McCann went viral after reporting the story from Stockport on BBC Breakfast as his name being phonetically similar to "fill my can" (and especially to a Northern UK pronunciation of "fill m'can") was thought to be amusingly appropriate. [43]

On 27 September, comedian Munya Chawawa posted a parody of the song "Too Close" by Blue, with the lyrics of the song changed to reflect the events of the crisis. The lyrics to the chorus were changed to: "Britain's panic buying/Petrol pumps are dying/Said Brexit would be fine and turns out they were lying/Fuel is running real low/ Need European blokes/ To come through in their HGVs". [44]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Morrisons</span> British supermarket chain

Wm Morrison Supermarkets Limited, trading as Morrisons, is the fifth largest supermarket chain in the United Kingdom. As of 2021, the company had 497 supermarkets across England, Wales and Scotland, and one in Gibraltar. The company is headquartered in Bradford, England.

An energy crisis or energy shortage is any significant bottleneck in the supply of energy resources to an economy. In literature, it often refers to one of the energy sources used at a certain time and place, in particular, those that supply national electricity grids or those used as fuel in industrial development. Population growth has led to a surge in the global demand for energy in recent years. In the 2000s, this new demand – together with Middle East tension, the falling value of the US dollar, dwindling oil reserves, concerns over peak oil, and oil price speculation – triggered the 2000s energy crisis, which saw the price of oil reach an all-time high of $147.30 per barrel ($926/m3) in 2008.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fuel protests in the United Kingdom</span> Protests about cost of fuel for road vehicles

The fuel protests in the United Kingdom were a series of campaigns held in response to the rising petrol and diesel fuel prices for road vehicle use. There have been three major campaigns amongst many other protests in the 21st century. The first major protest in 2000 was primarily led by independent lorry owner-operators. One group of lorry owner-operators from the South East of England formed a protest group called "TransAction" that protested at oil refineries and fuel depots in Essex. Protests and blockades of oil facilities caused widespread disruption to the supply of petroleum products. The aim of the protests was to secure a reduction in the fuel duty rate on petrol and diesel, which the government refused to enact. After the protest ended, the government did announce a freeze on fuel duties, and promised changes would be made to the way that goods vehicles were taxed, which would include the taxing of foreign vehicles operating on British roads.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rosslare Europort</span> Port in Rosslare Harbour, County Wexford, Ireland

Rosslare Europort is a modern seaport located at Rosslare Harbour in County Wexford, Ireland, near the southeasternmost point of the island of Ireland. The port is the primary Irish port serving the European Continent with 36 direct services to the Continent weekly. It handles passenger and freight ferries to and from Cherbourg, Dunkirk, St Malo and Roscoff, in France, Bilbao in Spain and Fishguard and Pembroke Dock in the United Kingdom. Since July 2022, a new freight route between Rosslare and Zeebrugge, Belgium was introduced by Finnlines for a twice weekly ro-ro service between the two ports.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rationing in the United Kingdom</span> Government-controlled distribution of scarce goods in the United Kingdom

Rationing was introduced temporarily by the British government several times during the 20th century, during and immediately after a war.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Truck driver</span> Person who earns a living as the driver of a truck

A truck driver is a person who earns a living as the driver of a truck, which is commonly defined as a large goods vehicle (LGV) or heavy goods vehicle (HGV).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Panic buying</span> Unusual pattern of purchase

Panic buying occurs when consumers buy unusually large amounts of a product in anticipation of, or after, a disaster or perceived disaster, or in anticipation of a large price increase, or shortage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Too Close (Next song)</span> 1998 single by Next

"Too Close" is a song by American R&B group Next featuring uncredited vocals from Vee of Koffee Brown. It contains a sample of "Christmas Rappin" by Kurtis Blow and was released on January 27, 1998, as the second single from their debut album, Rated Next (1997). The song reached number one on the US Hot 100 and R&B charts, topping the former for five non-consecutive weeks, and has gone platinum, making it their biggest and best-known hit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gasoline and diesel usage and pricing</span>

The usage and pricing of gasoline results from factors such as crude oil prices, processing and distribution costs, local demand, the strength of local currencies, local taxation or subsidy, and the availability of local sources of gasoline (supply). Since fuels are traded worldwide, the trade prices are similar. The price paid by consumers largely reflects national pricing policy. Most countries impose taxes on gasoline (petrol), which causes air pollution and climate change; whereas a few, such as Venezuela, subsidize the cost. Some country's taxes do not cover all the negative externalities, that is they do not make the polluter pay the full cost. Western countries have among the highest usage rates per person. The largest consumer is the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2007 United Kingdom petrol contamination</span> 2007 silicon contamination of petrol sold by some UK supermarkets, resulting in vehicle damage

The 2007 United Kingdom petrol contamination problem arose on 28 February 2007, when motorists in South East England reported that their cars were breaking down. This was caused by silicon contaminated unleaded petrol, sold by several supermarkets, that damaged the lambda sensors in engine management systems.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Murco Petroleum</span>

Murco is an oil refining company based in the United Kingdom. It was set up by Murphy Oil Corporation in 1960. The company owns a forecourt-based chain of convenience stores of Costcutter. Murco purchased a 30% stake in Amoco’s Milford Haven Refinery in 1981, and the remaining 70% in 2007.

In March 2012 Unite trades union warned it was considering a strike over health and safety standards. Unite represents around 2,000 tanker drivers, who deliver fuel to 90% of Britain's forecourts. Although no strike took place, Government action precipitated panic-buying and a woman was seriously injured after following a minister's advice to store extra petrol.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Road pricing in the United Kingdom</span> Overview of road pricing in the United Kingdom

Road pricing in the United Kingdom used to be limited to conventional tolls in some bridges, tunnels and also for some major roads during the period of the Turnpike trusts. The term road pricing itself only came into common use however with publication of the Smeed Report in 1964 which considered how to implement congestion charging in urban areas as a transport demand management method to reduce traffic congestion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brexit</span> The United Kingdoms withdrawal from the European Union

Brexit was the withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU). Following a referendum held in the UK on 23 June 2016, Brexit officially took place at 23:00 GMT on 31 January 2020. The UK, which joined the EU's precursors the European Communities (EC) on 1 January 1973, is the only member state to have withdrawn from the EU. Following Brexit, EU law and the Court of Justice of the European Union no longer have primacy over British laws. The European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 retains relevant EU law as domestic law, which the UK can amend or repeal.

Eddie Stobart Limited is a British multimodal logistics company, with interests in road haulage, rail freight, deep sea and inland waterway transport systems and deep sea port, inland port and rail connected storage facilities, along with transport, handling and warehousing facilities in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Belgium.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2015 Nepal blockade</span> 2015 economic and humanitarian crisis in Nepal

The 2015 India Blockade of Nepal, which began on 23 September 2015 and lasted about six months, was an economic and humanitarian crisis that severely affected Nepal and its economy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">EG Group</span> British retail group

EG Group Limited is a British operator of filling stations, convenience stores and food service providers across Europe, the United States and Australia. It was founded in Blackburn in 2001 by brothers Mohsin and Zuber Issa, initially as Euro Garages.

Sri Lanka, from 3 November 2017 until 11 November 2017, faced a fuel shortage when a substandard fuel shipment was rejected which caused a depletion in reserves due to the general public fearing of a prolonged duration of crisis. However, there was only a shortage of petrol not diesel or kerosene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2021)</span>

The following is a timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom from July 2021 to December 2021.

The 2021–2022 global energy crisis has caused varying effects in different parts of the world.

References

  1. ↑ O'Carroll, Lisa (24 September 2021). "What is causing the UK crisis in petrol supplies? | Supply chain crisis". The Guardian . ISSN   1756-3224. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  2. ↑ Sheppard, David (27 September 2021). "Boris Johnson prepares to call in army as panic buying drains UK petrol pumps" . Financial Times . Archived from the original on 26 September 2021. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  3. 1 2 "Petrol station stocks back to normal". BBC News. 22 October 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
  4. ↑ Landler, Mark (28 September 2021). "The U.K.'s Gas Crisis Is a Brexit Crisis, Too" . The New York Times . London. ISSN   1553-8095. Archived from the original on 29 September 2021. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
  5. ↑ "Fuel supply: No issues in Northern Ireland, industry body says". BBC News . 27 September 2021. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
  6. ↑ James, William (26 September 2021). "BP says nearly a third of its UK fuel stations running on empty" . Reuters . Archived from the original on 26 September 2021. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  7. ↑ Faulconbridge, Guy; Smout, Alistair (27 September 2021). "Fuel pumps run dry in British cities, sowing supply chain chaos" . Reuters. Archived from the original on 28 September 2021. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
  8. ↑ Gross, Jenny (28 September 2021). "Britain's Gas Crisis, Explained". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on 29 September 2021. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
  9. ↑ Morris, Sophie (29 September 2021). "Fuel crisis: Signs petrol issues are easing, fuel industry says – as business secretary 'not guaranteeing anything' over impact on Christmas". Sky News. Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  10. 1 2 Harrison, Emma; Lee, Joseph (2 October 2021). "Fuel supply still a big problem in SE England – retailers". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2 October 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  11. ↑ "Fuel issues persist in south but 'over' elsewhere". BBC News. 3 October 2021. Archived from the original on 3 October 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  12. ↑ Patel-Carstairs, Sunita (2 October 2021). "Fuel supply crisis: UK government map reveals regional differences in petrol supply". Sky News. Archived from the original on 2 October 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  13. ↑ "Fuel issues persist in south but 'over' elsewhere". BBC News. 3 October 2021. Archived from the original on 3 October 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  14. ↑ McTaggart, India (4 October 2021). "Fuel crisis no longer result of panic buying, warns forecourt boss as drivers run out of petrol". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
  15. ↑ "Asda reports no petrol supply issues for a week". BBC News. 13 October 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
  16. ↑ "Energy emergency planning: priority fuel allocation". GOV.UK. 9 January 2020. Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  17. ↑ "Temporary relaxation of the enforcement of the retained EU drivers' hours rules: all road haulage sectors in Great Britain". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  18. ↑ "Fuel supply: UK suspends competition law to get petrol to forecourts". BBC News . 27 September 2021. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  19. ↑ Holden, Michael; Maclellan, Kylie (28 September 2021). "As fuel pumps remain dry, UK's Johnson says plans in place for supply chains" . Reuters . Archived from the original on 28 September 2021. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
  20. ↑ "Kwasi Kwarteng: Tweet". Twitter. Archived from the original on 29 September 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  21. ↑ Payne, Sebastian; Wilson, Tom; Pfeifer, Sylvia (29 September 2021). "UK deploys reserve tanker fleet to help ease fuel crisis". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 29 September 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  22. ↑ Therrien, Alex (2 October 2021). "Fuel supply: Military to deliver petrol to UK garages from Monday". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2 October 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  23. ↑ Hills, Joel (23 September 2021). "HGV driver shortage: BP poised to ration fuel deliveries amid supply problems". ITV News. Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  24. ↑ Ferguson, Emily; Wood, Poppy (27 September 2021). "Petrol boss hopeful fuel crisis 'over by end of the week' after claims 90% of UK stations have run dry". i . Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
  25. ↑ Rayner, Gordon (26 September 2021). "Haulage body with anti-Brexit drive was behind fuel crisis leak, claim No 10 sources". The Telegraph. ISSN   0307-1235. Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  26. ↑ Bloch, Ben (27 September 2021). "BP fuel document leak as 40,000 HGV applications 'sit on desk'". BristolLive. Archived from the original on 29 September 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  27. ↑ "Fuel supply crisis: Grant Shapps blames haulage group for creating 'manufactured situation' as pump chaos continues". Sky News. 27 September 2021. Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  28. ↑ "RHA categorically denies accusations of creating fuel supply panic". www.rha.uk.net. Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  29. ↑ Saunders, Thomas (7 October 2021). "Fuel shortage: The chart that shows petrol station deliveries barely fell as panic-buying caused crisis". i. Retrieved 1 November 2021.
  30. 1 2 3 Gardner, Bill; Clark, Alex (7 October 2021). "Exclusive: Government's switch to greener fuel was 'major factor' behind petrol crisis". The Telegraph. Retrieved 1 November 2021.
  31. ↑ Rao, Ganesh (31 October 2021). "Petrol crisis: How an extra five litres of petrol helped cause the country to grind to a halt". Sky News. Archived from the original on 6 October 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2021.
  32. ↑ Forrest, Adam (28 September 2021). "UK fuel crisis 'direct consequence' of Brexit, says Michel Barnier". The Independent . ISSN   0951-9467. Archived from the original on 28 September 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
  33. 1 2 3 Boffey, Daniel; Mason, Rowena; Stewart, Heather (27 September 2021). "End to freedom of movement behind UK fuel crisis, says Merkel's likely successor". The Guardian . ISSN   1756-3224. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
  34. ↑ Thys, John (27 September 2021). "UK petrol station problems show Brexit was "intellectual fraud" – French minister Beaune" . Reuters . Paris. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
  35. ↑ Collins, Sarah (28 September 2021). "Michel Barnier points to 'clear links' between UK's truck-driver crisis and Brexit". Irish Independent . Archived from the original on 28 September 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
  36. ↑ Forrest, Adam (28 September 2021). "Brexit has been a 'factor' in fuel crisis, Grant Shapps admits" . The Independent. Archived from the original on 28 September 2021. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
  37. ↑ Holmes, Harry (19 September 2021). "The real causes of the HGV driver shortage and why we can't blame it all on Brexit". The Grocer. Archived from the original on 29 September 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  38. 1 2 3 "How serious is the shortage of lorry drivers?". BBC News. 14 July 2021. Archived from the original on 29 September 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  39. 1 2 "Is there a fuel shortage in the UK and why are petrol stations closing?". ITV News. 2 October 2021. Archived from the original on 2 October 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  40. ↑ Waterfield, Bruno (29 September 2021). "EU single market avoids supply problems". The Times. Archived from the original on 29 September 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  41. ↑ Plummer, Robert (28 September 2021). "Shortage problem: What's the UK running low on and why?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 28 September 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  42. ↑ Robertson, Dominic (28 September 2021). "MPs say lockdown is behind fuel shortage at petrol stations". Shropshire Star . Archived from the original on 28 September 2021. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
  43. ↑ Karla Adam (25 September 2021). "What's funny about Britain's gas shortage? When the reporter's name is Phil McCann" . The Washington Post . Archived from the original on 29 September 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
  44. ↑ Evans, Greg (27 September 2021). "Comedian Munya Chawawa gives Blue song hilarious makeover with his take on fuel crisis". i . Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.