2023 Maldivian presidential election

Last updated
2023 Maldivian presidential election
Flag of Maldives.svg
←  2018 9 September 2023 (first round)
30 September 2023 (second round)		 2028  →
Turnout79.85% (first round)
87.31% (second round)
  Dr Muizzu in December 2023.jpg Ibrahim Mohamed Solih official portrait (cropped).jpg
Nominee Mohamed Muizzu Ibrahim Mohamed Solih
Party PNC MDP
Running mate Hussain Mohamed Latheef Mohamed Aslam
Popular vote129,159109,868
Percentage54.04%45.96%
2023 maldivian presidential election results map.svg
Second round results by atoll
President before election

Ibrahim Mohamed Solih
MDP

Elected President

Mohamed Muizzu
PNC

Presidential elections were held in the Maldives on Saturday, 9 September 2023, with a second round held on 30 September. [1] Incumbent president Ibrahim Mohamed Solih was seeking re-election, after defeating the-then Speaker of the People's Majlis Mohamed Nasheed in the Maldivian Democratic Party primaries. [2] People's National Congress candidate and Malé mayor Mohamed Muizzu won the election with 54% of the votes, defeating Ibrahim Mohamed Solih and becoming President-elect of the Maldives. [3] [4] It was the fourth consecutive election in which a Maldivian president failed to win reelection, the last to do so having been Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, who ran unopposed, in 2003. [5]

Contents

Background

Former president Abdulla Yameen of the Progressive Party of Maldives (PPM) had announced his candidacy for president, but due to his sentencing in 2018 to 11 years in prison for corruption and money laundering due to his connection to the Maldives Marketing and Public Relations Corporation scandal he is ineligible to appear on the ballot. PPM's vice president Mohamed Muizzu purportedly ran on his behalf as a nominee of the PNC, which he also joined before the election. Abdulla Yameen opted to support Muizzu's candidacy after previously calling for a boycott of the election. [6]

Former Minister of Defence and National Security, Mohamed Nazim of the Maldives National Party announced his candidacy for president. The Jumhooree Party announced that they will put forth candidates as well. Ilyas Labeeb of the newly formed The Democrats nominated himself as a candidate for president. Independents Ahmed Faris Maumoon, son of Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, Umar Naseer and Hassan Zameel also announced their candidacies for president. This presidential election had the most recorded candidates since the first direct contested election in 2008, where six candidates participated. [7]

As no candidate received over 50% of the vote in the first round, the top two finishers, Muizzu and incumbent Solih, moved on to a runoff.

Electoral system

The Maldives has a presidential system of government where the president is both the head of state and government. The president is elected via direct-vote every five years and can only be elected for a maximum of two terms, which is the limit allowed by the constitution. [8] [9] The law and constitution of the Maldives grants its citizens the right to vote and run for public office at the age of 18. [10]

In the elections, the candidate who receives a majority (more than 50%) of the valid votes cast is elected president. If no candidate receives an outright majority, the election then proceeds to a runoff (or second round), which are mandated to be held no less than 21 days following the initial election day between the two front runners. The candidate who receives the majority of the vote is then elected president. [9] [11] The official results are announced by the Elections Commission and published in the government gazette within seven days of the voting day of the presidential elections. [12]

Candidates

Maldivian Democratic Party

The Maldivian Democratic Party held primary elections to choose its presidential candidate on 28 January 2023. [13] Nasheed accused Solih of trying to rig the presidential primary. [14] The Chairperson of Maldivian Democratic Party, Fayyaz Ismail, defended the primaries, reiterating that they will be held in accordance with the party constitution. [15]

CandidateVotes%
Ibrahim Mohamed Solih 19,09661.40
Mohamed Nasheed 12,00538.60
Total31,101100.00
Source: ThePrint [18]

Progressive Congress Coalition

Nominated by the Progressive Party of Maldives and People's National Congress. [19]

However, since the Maldivian Criminal Court sentenced former president Yameen to 11 years in prison, [21] Yameen was disqualified from running the presidential election. [22]

Nominated by People's National Congress's as a 'Backup' candidacy. [23]

PNC's president Abdul Raheem said that he would withdraw the candidacy if the Maldivian Supreme Court allowed Yameen to compete in the upcoming elections, [26] which ended up not happening. [27]

The Democrats

Nominated by The Democrats, a newly formed political party from the rapidly unfolding power struggle between two pivotal figures in the Maldivian Democratic Party — incumbent president Ibrahim Mohamed Solih and former president Mohamed Nasheed. [28]

Jumhooree Party

Finalized by Jumhooree Party's council meeting. [31]

Maldives National Party

Nominated by Maldives National Party. [33]

Ahmed Faris Maumoon (independent candidate)

Nominated by himself as an independent candidate. [35]

Umar Naseer (independent candidate)

Nominated himself as an independent candidate. [37]

Hassan Zameel (independent candidate)

Nominated himself as an independent candidate. [39]

Campaign

A key campaign topic was the Maldives' position with respect to China and India. The incumbent Ibrahim Mohamed Solih campaigned on an "India-first" policy, aiming to strengthen ties with the Maldives' geographical and cultural neighbour. On the opposite side, Mohamed Muizzu, adopting the slogan "India out", called for Indian military personnel stationed on the archipelago to leave, while campaigning for closer relations with China. This kept in line with the policies of former president Abdulla Yameen, founder of the People's National Congress, under whom the Maldives joined China's Belt and Road Initiative. [40]

Muizzu also campaigned on freeing Yameen, at the time serving an 11-year prison sentence for bribery and money laundering, pushing for the former president to be transferred to house arrest. Jailed on the same island where he arrested several of his political opponents, Yameen had requested to be moved home for health reasons two weeks prior to the election's second round. [41] [42]

Second round

Muizzu won 46% of the votes in the first round, compared to 39% for Solih. Media sources attributed this result to rivalry between President Solih and former President Mohamed Nasheed, whose chosen candidate Ilyas Labeeb won 7%. As neither Muizzu nor Solih received an absolute majority of the votes cast, a second round was scheduled for 30 September. [43]

Umar Naseer and Ahmed Faris Maumoon did not endorse either candidate for the runoff. [44] [45] Mohamed Nazim endorsed Muizzu. [46] While Qasim Ibrahim asked his supporters to vote as they pleased, [47] his running mate Ameen Ibrahim and his party secretariat endorsed Solih. [48]

Results

CandidateRunning matePartyFirst roundSecond round
Votes%Votes%
Mohamed Muizzu Hussain Mohamed Latheef People's National Congress 101,63546.06129,15954.04
Ibrahim Mohamed Solih Mohamed Aslam Maldivian Democratic Party 86,16139.05109,86845.96
Ilyas Labeeb Hussain Amr The Democrats 15,8397.18
Umar Naseer Maaz SaleemIndependent6,3432.87
Qasim Ibrahim Ameen Ibrahim Jumhooree Party 5,4602.47
Ahmed Faris Maumoon Abdul Sattar YoosufIndependent2,9791.35
Mohamed Nazim Ahmed Adheel Naseer Maldives National Party 1,9070.86
Hassan Zameel Mariyam AleemIndependent3270.15
Total220,651100.00239,027100.00
Valid votes220,65197.86239,02796.81
Invalid/blank votes4,8352.147,8883.19
Total votes225,486100.00246,915100.00
Registered voters/turnout282,39579.85282,80487.31
Source: Elections Commission, Elections Commission

Reactions

Aftermath

On the day following the election, Mohamed Muizzu's demands for the liberation of Abdulla Yameen were successful, with the former president being transferred to house arrest. [42]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of the Maldives</span>

The history of the Maldives is intertwined with the history of the broader Indian subcontinent and the surrounding regions, comprising the areas of South Asia and the Indian Ocean. The modern nation is formed of 26 natural atolls, comprising 1194 islands. Historically, the Maldives has held strategic importance due to its location on the major marine routes of the Indian Ocean. The Maldives's nearest neighbors are the British Indian Ocean Territory, Sri Lanka and India. The United Kingdom, Sri Lanka, and some Indian kingdoms have had cultural and economic ties with the Maldives for centuries. In addition to these countries, Maldivians also traded with Aceh and many other kingdoms in what is today Indonesia and Malaysia. The Maldives provided the primary source of cowrie shells, which were then used as currency throughout Asia and parts of the East African coast. Most likely, the Maldives were influenced by the Kalingas of ancient India. The Kalingas were the earliest region of India to trade with Sri Lanka and the Maldives and were responsible for the spread of Buddhism. Stashes of Chinese crockery found buried in various locations in the Maldives also show that there was direct or indirect trade contact between China and the Maldives. In 1411 and 1430, the Chinese admiral Zheng He (鄭和) visited the Maldives. The Chinese also became the first country to establish a diplomatic office in the Maldives when the Chinese nationalist government based in Taipei opened an embassy in Malé in 1966. The Embassy of the People's Republic of China has since replaced this office.

The politics of the Maldives take place in the framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is the Head of Government. Executive power is exercised by the government. The President heads the executive branch and appoints the Cabinet; like many presidential democracies, each member of the cabinet need to be approved by the Parliament. The President, along with their pick for vice president, is directly elected by the denizens to a five-year term by a secret ballot. Once in office, they could be re-elected to a second 5-year term, which is the limit allowed by the Constitution. The current President of the Maldives is Mohamed Muizzu, when his predecessor, Ibrahim Mohamed Solih lost the 2023 Maldivian presidential election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maldivian Democratic Party</span> Political party in the Maldives

The Maldivian Democratic Party is the first political party formed in the Republic of Maldives with a total membership of 50,980 individuals as of July 28, 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Majeediyya School</span> Primary and secondary school in Malé, Maldives

Majeediyya School is the first Maldivian government school, located in Malé, Maldives. It only accepted boys until the introduction of Primary Education in 2010, which allowed girls to attend the school as well. The English medium is followed throughout all subjects, with the exception of Dhivehi and Islam.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">President of the Maldives</span> Head of state and head of government of the Maldives

The president of the Republic of Maldives is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Maldives and the commander-in-chief of the Maldives National Defence Force.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Qasim Ibrahim</span> Maldivan politician (born 1951)

Qasim Ibrahim, also known as Burumaa Qasim, is a Maldivian politician, business magnate and philanthropist. As the chairman and founder of the Villa Group, he is one of the country's wealthiest businessmen, with a net worth of around MVR 18 billion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Progressive Party of Maldives</span> Political party in the Maldives

The Progressive Party of Maldives, is a political party in the Maldives with a total membership of 35,044 as of 25 April 2024. The stated goal of the party is driving Maldives towards an independent and democratic, safe and secure, high income, high human capital, developed nation state with a diversified and robust economy whilst preserving its Islamic heritage. The party is to be dissolved.

Presidential elections were held in the Maldives on 7, 9 and 16 November 2013. The first round was held on 7 September. As no candidate received a majority, a second round was planned to be held in 28 September between the candidates who received the most votes in the first round, former President Mohamed Nasheed and Abdulla Yameen, paternal half-brother of former president Maumoon Abdul Gayoom. Incumbent President Mohammed Waheed Hassan was eliminated in the first round after receiving less votes than three other candidates.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abdulla Yameen</span> President of the Maldives from 2013 to 2018

Abdulla Yameen Abdul Gayoom is a Maldivian politician who served as president of the Maldives from 2013 to 2018.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">China–Maldives relations</span> Bilateral relations

Diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and the Maldives were established in 1972. China has an embassy in Malé which opened in November 2011, and the Maldives has an embassy in Beijing which opened in 2009. Approximately 70 percent of the Maldives' total debt is attributed to Chinese projects, with an annual payment of US$92 million to China, constituting around 10 percent of the country's entire budget. China has become pervasive in the Maldives, exerting influence over infrastructure, trade, and energy sectors, raising concerns of a new form of Chinese entrapment.

Presidential elections were held in the Maldives on Sunday, 23 September 2018. Incumbent president Abdulla Yameen of the Progressive Party of Maldives (PPM) was seeking re-election for a second five-year term. His only challenger was Ibrahim Mohamed Solih of the Maldivian Democratic Party (MDP), who was nominated as the joint candidate of a coalition of opposition parties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ibrahim Mohamed Solih</span> President of the Maldives from 2018 to 2023

Ibrahim Mohamed Solih, Frequently referred to as Ibu, is a Maldivian politician who served as the 7th President of the Maldives from 2018 to 2023.Solih was a Parliamentarian for 15 years, He Represented the Hinnavaru constituency and the Lhaviyani Constituency during his tenure. He played a significant role in the democratic reforms of the Maldives and led the Maldivian Democratic Party (MDP) to victory in the 2018 presidential election. Solih was elected president on 23 September 2018 after winning the 2018 presidential election as the candidate for the Maldivian Democratic Party (MDP). His presidency focused on democratic governance, environmental sustainability, and strengthening international relations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">People's National Congress (Maldives)</span> General election in the Maldives

The People's National Congress, abbreviated as PNC, is a political party in the Maldives founded in January 2019 and the current governing party. The party's formation was spearheaded by former President Abdulla Yameen Abdul Gayoom, who had been in a dispute with the leadership of the Progressive Party of Maldives.

The following lists events that happened during 2023 in the Maldives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mohamed Muizzu</span> President of the Maldives since 2023

Mohamed Muizzu is a Maldivian politician and engineer who has been serving as the 8th president of the Maldives and leader of the Progressive Congress coalition since 2023. He previously served as housing minister from 2012 to 2018, making him the longest-serving housing minister in Maldivian history. Muizzu was the mayor of Malé from 2021 until his resignation in 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2024 India–Maldives diplomatic row</span> Indian-Maldivian diplomatic incident

In January 2024, relations between India and the Maldives, traditionally close neighbors with strong historical and cultural ties, became strained due to derogatory remarks made by Maldivian cabinet ministers and concerns over racism directed at Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and India as a whole.

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Maldivian presidential assassination attempts have been numerous, ranging from the early twentieth century since the establishment of the first republic of the Maldives. In 1980, President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom was first Maldivian president to experience an assassination attempt, when three attempts were made to overthrow Maumoon's government and assassinate the president.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Presidency of Abdulla Yameen</span> Maldivian presidential administration from 2013-2018

Abdulla Yameen Abdul Gayoom's tenure as the 6th President of the Maldives began on 17 November 2013 after he won the 2013 Maldivian presidential election against then-President Mohamed Waheed Hassan and ended on 17 November 2018 after he lost to Ibrahim Mohamed Solih in the 2018 Maldivian presidential election.

References

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  2. ↑ Junayd, Mohamed (2023-01-29). "Maldives President Solih wins presidential primary, party says". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2023-03-06. Retrieved 2023-03-06.
  3. ↑ Sharuhan, Mohamed (1 October 2023). "Maldives opposition candidate Mohamed Muiz wins the presidential runoff, local media say". AP News . Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
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  32. ↑ Shafa (14 March 2023). "ކުއްލި ޚަބަރު: ރިޔާސީ އިންތިޚާބުގައި ޖުމްހޫރީ ޕާޓީން ވާދަކުރަން ނިންމައިފި" [Breaking News: Jumhooree Party finishes discussing for Presidential Election]. Vnews (in Divehi). Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
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  42. 1 2 Shahid, Malika (1 October 2023). "Former president Yameen transferred home, supporters rejoice". The Edition . Archived from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
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  54. ↑ Modi, Narendra [@narendramodi] (1 October 2023). "Congratulations and greetings to @MMuizzu on being elected as President of the Maldives" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023– via Twitter.
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  56. ↑ Mohamed, Naizak. "Pakistan President and PM congratulate president-elect Muizzu". Sun News. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  57. ↑ "Pakistan PM Felicitates Dr. Mohamed Muizzu on Winning the Maldives Presidential Elections". WE News. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  58. ↑ "HRH Crown Prince Congratulates Dr. Mohamed Muiz on Winning Presidential Elections of the Maldives". Saudi Press Agency . 1 October 2023. Archived from the original on 13 April 2024. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  59. ↑ "Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Congratulates Dr. Mohamed Muiz on Winning Presidential Elections of the Maldives". Saudi Press Agency . 1 October 2023. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  60. ↑ Consulate of Georgia Maldives [@georgiamaldives] (1 October 2023). "Congratulations to Dr @MMuizzu, the newly elected President of Maldives!" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023– via Twitter.
  61. ↑ "President Ranil congratulates new Maldivian President; hopes for stronger bilateral ties". Ada Derana. 1 October 2023. Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
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