2024 Rio de Janeiro mayoral election

2024 Rio de Janeiro municipal election

←  2020 6 October 2024 (2024-10-06)(first round) 27 October 2024 (2024-10-27)(second round, if necessary) 2028 →

Mayoral election

Incumbent Mayor Eduardo Paes PSD

Parliamentary election

Party Leader Current seats Municipal Chamber PSD — 13 PSOL — 6 MDB — 5 PT — 4 Republicanos — 4 PL — 3 UNIÃO — 3 PP — 3 PDT — 2 Agir — 1 PRD — 1 NOVO — 1 PSDB — 1 DC — 1 Solidarity — 1 PV — 1 MOBILIZA — 1

The 2024 Rio de Janeiro municipal election will take place in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on 6 October 2024. Voters will elect a mayor, vice mayor, and 51 city council members. The incumbent mayor, Eduardo Paes of the Social Democratic Party (PSD), is able to run for a second term. ^{[1] [2]}

If the most voted candidate on the first round doesn't achieve more than 50% of the votes, a second round will happen on 27 October 2024. The mayor's term will begin on 1 January 2025 and end on 31 December 2028. ^[3]

Background

2020 Rio de Janeiro mayoral election

The last mayoral election in Rio de Janeiro, held in 2020, resulted in a largest victory of Eduardo Paes (DEM) in the second round. Paes obtained 1,629,319 votes (64.07% of the valid votes), while his opponent and former mayor Marcelo Crivella obtained 913,700 votes (or circa of 35.93% of the valid votes). Crivella attemped his own re-election and lost by a difference of 28 points. ^[4]

An opinion poll conducted by Paraná Pesquisas in November 2023 asked Rio's citizens what they thought of Paes' government. His approval rate was 59.6% and those who disapproved of his management of the city were 35.3%. ^[5]

Electoral calendar

Electoral calendar announced by the Superior Electoral Court (TSE) on 3 January 2024 ^[6]

7 March – 5 April	Period of the 'party window' for councillors. During this period, the councillors are able to move to other political parties in order to run for election while not losing their respective political terms.
6 April	Deadline for all parties and party federations to obtain the registration of their statutes at the Superior Electoral Court and for all candidates to have their electoral domicile in the constituency in which they wish to contest the elections with the affiliation granted by the party.
15 May	Start of the preliminary fundraising campaign in the form of collective financing for potential candidates. During this period, candidates are not allowed to ask for votes and are still subjected to obey the rules regarding electoral propaganda on the Internet.
20 July – 5 August	On this date, party conventions begin to deliberate on coalitions and choose candidates for mayors and councillors tickets. Parties have until 15 August to register their names with the Brazilian Election Justice.
16 August	Beginning of electoral campaigns on an equal basis, with any advertising or demonstration explicitly requesting for votes before the date being considered irregular and subject to fines.
30 August –3 October	Broadcasting of free electoral propaganda on radio and television.
6 October	Date of mayoral elections.
27 October	Date of a possible second round in cities with more than 200,000 voters in which the most voted candidate for mayor has not reached 50% of the valid votes.

Candidates

Potential candidates

Party		Mayoral candidate		Vice mayoral candidate [lower-alpha 1]	Coalition	Ref.
	Progressistas (PP 11)		Marcelo Queiroz Federal Deputy (2023–present) State Deputy (2018–2019) Councillor (2013–2017)	TBA	TBA	[7]
	United Socialist Workers' Party (PSTU 16)		Cyro Garcia Federal Deputy (1992–1993)	TBA	TBA	[8]
	Liberal Party (PL 22)		Alexandre Ramagem Federal Deputy (2023–present) Director of the Brazilian Intelligence Agency (2019–2022)	TBA	TBA	[9]
	New Party (NOVO 30)		Carol Sponza Candidate for federal deputy of Rio de Janeiro in the 2022 Rio de Janeiro state elections.	TBA	TBA	[10]
	Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL 50)		Tarcísio Motta Federal Deputy (2023–present) Councillor (2017–2023)	TBA	PSOL REDE Federation (PSOL, REDE)	[8]
	Social Democratic Party (PSD 55)		Eduardo Paes Mayor of Rio de Janeiro (2021–present, 2009–2017) Federal Deputy (1999–2006) Councillor (1997–1999)	TBA	TBA
	Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB 65)		Dani Balbi State Deputy (2023–present)	TBA	Brazil of Hope (PT, PCdoB, PV)	[11]
	Democratic Labour Party (PDT 12)		Martha Rocha State Deputy (2015–present)	TBA	TBA	[8]
	Popular Unity (UP 80)		Juliete Pantoja Candidate for governor in the 2022 Rio de Janeiro gubernatorial election.	TBA	TBA
	Brazil Union (UNIÃO 44)		Rodrigo Amorim State Deputy (2019–present)	TBA	TBA	[12]
	Republicans (Republicanos 10)		Cabo Daciolo Federal Deputy (2015–2019)	TBA	TBA	[13]

Withdrawn candidates

• Flávio Bolsonaro (PL) – State Deputy of Rio de Janeiro (2003–2019) and Senator for Rio de Janeiro (2019–present). ^[14]
• Pedro Duarte (NOVO) – Councillor of Rio de Janeiro (2021–present). He'll run for re-election as a councillor in a decision taken along with his party. ^[10]
• Otoni de Paula (MDB) – Federal Deputy from Rio de Janeiro (2019–present) and Councillor of Rio de Janeiro (2017–2019); he withdrew his candidacy on 14 June 2024 to take over the campaign coordination of Eduardo Paes with the Evangelical Christians. ^[15]

Outgoing Municipal Chamber

The result of the last municipal election and the current situation in the Municipal Chamber is given below:

Affiliation		Members		+/–
		Elected [16]	Current [17] [lower-alpha 2]
	PSD	3	13	10
	PSOL	7	6	1
	MDB	1	5	4
	PT	3	4	1
	Republicanos	7	4	3
	UNIÃO	didn't exist	3	3
	PP	2	3	1
	PL	2	3	1
	PDT	1	2	1
	PRD	didn't exist	1	1
	PSDB	0	1	1
	PV	0	1	1
	NOVO	1	1
	Solidarity	1	1
	Agir	1	1 [lower-alpha 3]
	DC	1	1
	MOBILIZA	1	1 [lower-alpha 4]
	PODE	1	0	1
	PROS	1	extinct party [lower-alpha 5]	1
	Patriota	1	extinct party [lower-alpha 6]	1
	PSL	1	extinct party [lower-alpha 7]	1
	Cidadania	2	0	2
	PTB	2	extinct party [lower-alpha 8]	2
	PSC	2	extinct party [lower-alpha 9]	2
	Avante	3	0	3
	DEM	7	extinct party [lower-alpha 10]	7
Total		51

Opinion polls

First round

2024

Pollster/client(s)	Date(s) conducted	Sample size	Paes PSD	Ramagem PL	Motta PSOL	Rocha PDT	Daciolo Republicanos	Amorim UNIÃO	Sponza NOVO	Garcia PSTU	Queiroz PP	Balbi PCdoB	Others	Abst. Undec.	Lead
Quaest	13–16 June	1,145	51%	11%	8%	—	—	4%	—	—	2%	—	—	24%	40%
			47% [lower-alpha 11]	29% [lower-alpha 12]	5%	—	—	1%	—	—	—	—	—	17%	18%
14 June			Otoni de Paula withdraws his candidacy and joins Eduardo Paes' campaign. [15]
11 May–5 June			Pedro Duarte withdraws his potential candidacy to run for his re-election bid as a councillor of Rio de Janeiro. Carol Sponza is announced as a potential mayoral candidate of the New Party (NOVO). [10] Cabo Daciolo is announced as a potential mayoral candidate of the Republicans. [13]
Pollster/client(s)	Date(s) conducted	Sample size	Paes PSD	Ramagem PL	Motta PSOL	Rocha PDT	Otoni MDB	Amorim UNIÃO	Duarte NOVO	Garcia PSTU	Queiroz PP	Balbi PCdoB	Others	Abst. Undec.	Lead
Paraná Pesquisas	24–29 April	800	46.1%	13.6%	7.4%	—	3%	2.1%	1.6%	4.5%	1.9%	2.8%	—	17%	32.5%
			46.8%	15.6%	8.1%	—	—	—	—	5.1%	2.8%	3.4%	—	18.3%	31.2%
Prefab Future	27–28 April	1,019	35%	3.2%	5.4%	—	3.1%	2.5%	1.2%	0.8	2.6%	—	—	46.2%	29.6%
			65.1%	6%	10%	—	5.8%	4.6%	2.2%	1.5%	4.8%	—	—	[lower-alpha 13]	55.1%
Atlas Intel	18–23 April	1,239	42.6%	31.2%	12.7%	—	2.3%	—	3.8%	—	0.5%	1.3%	—	5.5%	11.4%
Futura/100% Cidades	11–22 April	1,000	44.1%	9%	7.8%	5%	3.4%	1%	0.9%	2.4%	0.8%	0.4%	—	25.1%	35.1%
			42.2%	—	7.2%	—	3.5%	—	0.8%	—	—	1.3%	26% [lower-alpha 14]	19%	16.2%
			48.6%	10.2%	9.8%	—	—	—	1.4%	—	—	1.7%	—	28.3%	38.4%
Prefab Future	1–2 April	1,005	38.2%	3.9%	7.9%	—	3.4%	1.7%	1.4%	0.7%	3%	—	—	39.8%	30.3%
Real Time Big Data	22–23 March	1,000	40%	13%	9%	8%	6%	4%	2%	2%	1%	0%	—	15%	27%

2023

Pollster/client(s)	Date(s) conducted	Sample size	Paes PSD	Ramagem PL	Motta PSOL	Rocha PDT	Otoni MDB	Amorim PRD	Freixo PT	Molon PSB	Queiroz PP	Duarte NOVO	Others	Abst. Undec.	Lead
Atlas Intel [25]	25–30 December	800	36.2%	19.1%	17.8%	—	6.9%	—	—	—	—	2.5%	—	17.4%	17.1%
Paraná Pesquisas [26]	17–20 November	810	44.4%	9.6%	7.2%	8.1%	—	2.7%	—	5.4%	0.9%	—	—	21.6%	34.8%
			43.1%	9.4%	6.8%	7.5%	4.2%	2.3%	—	5.2%	0.9%	—	—	20.6%	33.7%
1 November			Former president of Brazil Jair Bolsonaro (PL) nominates Alexandre Ramagem (PL) as a potential candidate for mayor in the 2024 elections. [27]
Pollster/client(s)	Date(s) conducted	Sample size	Paes PSD	Portinho PL	Motta PSOL	Rocha PDT	Otoni MDB	Amorim PTB	Freixo PT	Luizinho PP	Pampolha UNIÃO	Duarte NOVO	Others	Abst. Undec.	Lead
Prefab Future	18–20 August	1,000	34.8%	1.1%	10.1%	—	6.1%	—	—	2.1%	2.6%	3.1%	—	44.8%	24.7%
			32.2%	0.8%	8.9%	—	5.2%	2.4%	—	—	—	2.2%	1.3% [lower-alpha 15]	47%	23.3%
Gerp	9–14 August	600	31%	—	—	—	—	—	10%	—	—	—	10% [lower-alpha 16]	49%	21%
31 May			Flávio Bolsonaro withdraws his potential candidacy for mayor in the 2024 elections. [14]
Pollster/client(s)	Date(s) conducted	Sample size	Paes PSD	Flávio PL	Motta PSOL	Rocha PDT	Crivella Republicanos	Pazuello PL	Renata PSOL	Luizinho PP	Pampolha UNIÃO	Alencar PSOL	Others	Abst. Undec.	Lead
Brasmarket	17–19 April	1,100	25.4%	16.9%	6.2%	—	—	—	—	2.1%	—	—	4.6% [lower-alpha 17]	44.9%	8.5%
			25.4%	16.5%	5.7%	4.5%	—	1.6%	—	1.3%	—	—	10.6% [lower-alpha 18]	35.3%	8.9%
			27.6%	18.5%	6.5%	—	2.5%	—	—	—	—	—	—	37.3%	9.1%
			26.7% [lower-alpha 19]	26.8% [lower-alpha 20]	4.9% [lower-alpha 21]	6% [lower-alpha 22]	4.7% [lower-alpha 23]	—	—	—	—	—	—	30.8%	0.1%
Prefab Future	27–29 March	1,565	34.5%	—	4.1%	—	—	—	—	2.1%	2.6%	—	3.9% [lower-alpha 24]	52.8%	30.4%
			31.4%	4.5%	4%	3.6%	—	1.1%	—	2.1%	2.2%	—	5.6% [lower-alpha 25]	45.5%	26.9%
Paraná Pesquisas [28]	2–5 March	1,000	35.5%	22.1%	7.1%	—	—	—	—	3%	2.4%	—	8.5% [lower-alpha 26]	21.4%	13.4%
			37.2%	23.3%	9.5%	—	—	—	—	3.2%	—	—	3% [lower-alpha 27]	23.8%	13.9%
			34.4%	—	7.6%	—	—	—	—	2.9%	2.7%	—	24.9% [lower-alpha 28]	27.5%	20.1%
Instituto Rio21	9–12 January	1,476	31.3%	27.7%	11.84%	5.88%	4.06%	—	—	—	—	—	—	19.21%	3.6%
			33.8%	—	—	7.13%	4.65%	26.13%	7.76%	—	—	—	—	20.46%	7.67%
			30.24%	—	—	7.51%	—	—	—	13.62%	2.93%	12.63%	—	33.77%	16.62%
			27.1%	—	—	7.05%	—	—	—	13.52%	—	—	27.92% [lower-alpha 29]	24.44%	12.58%
			34.14%	—	—	8.24%	—	—	—	—	—	—	21.01% [lower-alpha 30]	36.58%	25.9%
			33.3%	—	—	9.18%	—	—	—	—	—	—	18.28% [lower-alpha 31]	39.21%	24.15%

Second round

Eduardo Paes and Alexandre Ramagem

Pollster/client(s)	Date(s) conducted	Sample size	Paes PSD	Ramagem PL	Abst. Undec.	Lead
Quaest	13–16 June 2024	1,145	57%	27%	16%	30%
Atlas Intel	18–23 April 2024	1,239	51%	36.7%	12.3%	14.3%
Real Time Big Data	22–23 March 2024	1,000	55%	29%	16%	26%

Eduardo Paes and Tarcísio Motta

Pollster/client(s)	Date(s) conducted	Sample size	Paes PSD	Motta PSOL	Abst. Undec.	Lead
Atlas Intel	18–23 April 2024	1,239	50.3%	21%	28.7%	29.3%
Real Time Big Data	22–23 March 2024	1,000	64%	20%	16%	44%

Eduardo Paes and Martha Rocha

Pollster/client(s)	Date(s) conducted	Sample size	Paes PSD	Rocha PDT	Abst. Undec.	Lead
Real Time Big Data	22–23 March 2024	1,000	58%	27%	15%	31%

Hypothetical scenario with Flávio Bolsonaro (withdrawn)

Eduardo Paes and Flávio Bolsonaro (withdrawn)

Pollster/client(s)	Date(s) conducted	Sample size	Paes PSD	Flávio PL	Abst. Undec.	Lead
Futura/100% Cidades	11–22 April 2024	1,000	53.8%	32%	14.2%	21.8%

Rejection of candidates

In some opinion polls, the interviewee can choose more than one alternative (the so-called "multiple rejection"), therefore, the sum of the percentages of all candidates can exceed 100% of the votes in some scenarios.

Pollster/client(s)	Date(s) conducted	Sample size	Paes PSD	Ramagem PL	Motta PSOL	Rocha PDT	Daciolo Republicanos	Amorim UNIÃO	Sponza NOVO	Garcia PSTU	Queiroz PP	Balbi PCdoB	Could vote in anyone	Others	Abst. Undec.
14 June 2024			Otoni de Paula withdraws his candidacy and joins Eduardo Paes' campaign. [15]
11 May–5 June 2024			Pedro Duarte withdraws his potential candidacy to run for his re-election bid as a councillor of Rio de Janeiro. Carol Sponza is announced as the mayoral candidate of the New Party (NOVO). [10] Cabo Daciolo is announced as a potential mayoral candidate of the Republicans. [13]
Pollster/client(s)	Date(s) conducted	Sample size	Paes PSD	Ramagem PL	Motta PSOL	Rocha PDT	Otoni MDB	Amorim UNIÃO	Duarte NOVO	Garcia PSTU	Queiroz PP	Balbi PCdoB	Could vote in anyone	Others	Abst. Undec.
Paraná Pesquisas	24–29 April 2024	800	25.4%	18.3%	14.1%	—	8.4%	11.4%	8.8%	23.4%	11.5%	8.9%	—	—	15%
Prefab Future	27–28 April 2024	1,019	22%	4.5%	9.1%	—	2%	2.6%	2.6%	10.3%	2.7%	—	12%	—	32.2%
Prefab Future	1–2 April 2024	1,005	16.4%	3.6%	6.4%	—	3.3%	1.6%	1%	9%	2.7%	—	19.6%	—	36.4%
1 November 2023			Former president of Brazil Jair Bolsonaro (PL) nominates Alexandre Ramagem (PL) as a potential candidate for mayor in the 2024 elections. [27]
Pollster/client(s)	Date(s) conducted	Sample size	Paes PSD	Portinho PL	Motta PSOL	Rocha PDT	Luizinho PP	Pampolha UNIÃO	Otoni MDB	Duarte NOVO	Amorim PTB	Queiroz PP	Could vote in anyone	Others	Abst. Undec.
Prefab Future	18–20 August 2023	1,000	20%	3.8%	10.9%	—	—	—	4.5%	1.9%	2.6%	—	15.7%	10% [lower-alpha 32]	30.6%
31 May 2023			Flávio Bolsonaro withdraws his potential candidacy for mayor in the 2024 elections. [14]
Pollster/client(s)	Date(s) conducted	Sample size	Paes PSD	Flávio PL	Motta PSOL	Rocha PDT	Luizinho PP	Pampolha UNIÃO	Otoni MDB	Duarte NOVO	Amorim PTB	Queiroz PP	Could vote in anyone	Others	Abst. Undec.
Prefab Future	27–29 March 2023	1,565	19.4%	35%	6.3%	2.3%	1.4%	1.7%	1%	—	—	—	4.9%	4% [lower-alpha 33]	24%

Notelist

1. Same party as the mayoral candidate, unless mentioned in parentheses
2. Between March and April 2024, councilors were able to change parties during the so-called "party window" without losing their respective terms. ^[18]
3. The Christian Labor Party (PTC) changed its name to Agir (Act) in March 2022. ^[19]
4. The National Mobilization Party (PMN) changed its name to National Mobilization (MOBILIZA) in December 2023. ^[20]
5. The Republican Party of the Social Order (PROS) merged into Solidariedade in February 2023. ^[21]
6. Brazilian Labour Party (PTB) and Patriota merged into the Democratic Renewal Party (PRD) in November 2023. ^[22]
7. Democrats (DEM) and the Social Liberal Party (PSL) merged into the Brazil Union in February 2022. ^[23]
8. Brazilian Labour Party (PTB) and Patriota merged into the Democratic Renewal Party (PRD) in November 2023. ^[22]
9. The Social Christian Party (PSC) merged into Podemos in June 2023. ^[24]
10. Democrats (DEM) and the Social Liberal Party (PSL) merged into the Brazil Union in February 2022. ^[23]
11. If endorsed by president Lula (PT)
12. If endorsed by former president Jair Bolsonaro (PL)
13. Valid votes
14. Flávio Bolsonaro (PL)
15. Indio da Costa (UNIÃO)
16. Walter Braga Netto (PL) with 10%
17. Otoni de Paula (MDB)
18. Bandeira de Mello (PSB) with 6.5% and Otoni de Paula (MDB) with 4.1%
19. If endorsed by president Lula (PT).
20. If endorsed by his father and former president Jair Bolsonaro (PL).
21. If endorsed by the federal deputy Guilherme Boulos (PSOL).
22. If endorsed by Ciro Gomes (PDT).
23. If endorsed by former president Jair Bolsonaro (PL).
24. Otoni de Paula (MDB)
25. Bandeira de Mello (PSB) with 2.9% and Otoni de Paula (MDB) with 2.7%
26. Lindbergh Farias (PT) with 5.9% and Otoni de Paula (MDB) with 2.6%
27. Otoni de Paula (MDB)
28. Romário (PL) with 14.3%; Lindbergh Farias (PT) with 5.4% and Otoni de Paula (MDB) with 5.2%
29. Marcelo Freixo (PT) with 14.52% and Carlos Portinho (PL) with 13.4%
30. Rodrigo Amorim (PTB) with 7.41%; Clarissa Garotinho (UNIÃO) with 7.37% and Talíria Petrone (PSOL) with 6.23%
31. Clarissa Garotinho (UNIÃO) with 7.72%; Tainá de Paula (PT) with 5.94% and Alexandre Freitas (PODE) with 4.62%
32. Indio da Costa (UNIÃO)
33. Eduardo Pazuello (PL) with 2.4% and Bandeira de Mello (PSB) with 1.6%

References

1. Fernandes, Danielly; Castro, Grasielle (22 January 2024). "Quem são os possíveis candidatos a prefeito do Rio de Janeiro nas eleições municipais 2024". Jota (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 28 January 2024.
2. Alves, Renato (18 January 2024). "Confira quem são os pré-candidatos a prefeito do Rio de Janeiro em 2024". O Tempo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 28 January 2024.
3. Veloso, Natália (2023-10-06). "1º turno da eleição 2024 será em 6 de outubro; leia principais datas". Poder360 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-04-24.
4. "Rio de Janeiro/RJ: Apuração em tempo real de prefeito no 2º turno". noticias.uol.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-04-26.
5. PODER360 (2023-11-23). "Paes é favorito para Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro em 2024". Poder360 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-04-26.
6. "Confira as principais datas do ano eleitoral de 2024". Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. 2024-01-03. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
7. "PP lança Marcelo Queiroz à prefeitura do Rio, mas segue cobiçado por Paes e PL". O Globo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2024-03-01. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
8. "Quem são os pré-candidatos a prefeito do Rio de Janeiro nas eleições municipais 2024". JOTA Info (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2024-04-26. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
9. "PL lança Alexandre Ramagem pré-candidato à Prefeitura do Rio". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2024-03-16. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
10. "Vereador Pedro Duarte retira pré-candidatura para a Prefeitura do Rio, e Novo anuncia Carol Sponza". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2024-05-11. Retrieved 2024-05-20.
11. "PCdoB lança pré-candidata à prefeitura do Rio e busca ampliar nomes da esquerda na disputa municipal". O Globo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2023-10-21. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
12. Estado, Agência (2024-04-26). "Rodrigo Amorim é lançado pré-candidato no Rio, e irmão do deputado declara apoio a Ramagem". Política (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-04-26.
13. "Cabo Daciolo será candidato à Prefeitura do Rio pelo Republicanos | Metrópoles". www.metropoles.com (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2024-06-05. Retrieved 2024-06-05.
14. Uribe, Gustavo (2023-05-31). "PL delega a Bolsonaro escolha de candidato do Rio em 2024". CNN Brasil. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
15. "Otoni de Paula desiste de pré-candidatura à prefeitura e assume coordenação de Paes com evangélicos". O Globo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2024-06-14. Retrieved 2024-06-15.
16. "Resultados da apuração para prefeito e vereadores do 1° turno - Rio de Janeiro - RJ | Eleições 2020 | Folha". Folha de S.Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-04-24.
17. "Quem são | Vereadores". Câmara Municipal do Rio de Janeiro. Archived from the original on 2024-04-24. Retrieved 2024-04-24.
18. "Partido do prefeito Eduardo Paes, PSD cresce na janela partidária e domina a Câmara do Rio". O Globo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2024-04-04. Archived from the original on 2024-04-24. Retrieved 2024-04-24.
19. "TSE aprova alteração e Partido Trabalhista Cristão passa a se chamar Agir". Justiça Eleitoral (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-04-24.
20. "Plenário decide que PMN só pode manter uma entidade de direito privado destinada à pesquisa". Justiça Eleitoral (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-04-24.
21. "TSE aprova fusão entre PROS e Solidariedade [14/02/2023]". noticias.uol.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-01-05.
22. Estado, Agência (2024-01-04). "Fusão entre Patriota e PTB gera 3º maior partido do País com 1,02 mi de filiados". Política (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-01-05.
23. "TSE aprova registro e estatuto do União Brasil, partido resultante da fusão entre DEM e PSL". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2022-02-08. Retrieved 2024-01-05.
24. "PSC é incorporado ao Podemos; decisão permite desbloqueio de fundo partidário". R7.com (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2023-06-17. Retrieved 2024-01-05.
25. "Atlas-Intel-SP-RJ-BH-Salvador-Fortaleza-25-30dez2023-3" (PDF). p. 29.
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