The fourth ballot of the papal conclave elects a new pope after the second and third ballots failed earlier in the day.[9] American-born Cardinal Robert Francis Prevost is announced as the new pope, choosing the name Pope Leo XIV.[10]
31 July – The Italian government signs an agreement with the Holy See to convert the 430-hectare rural site of Santa Maria Galeria north of Rome into a solar farm as part of efforts by the Vatican City to generate its energy needs and become a carbon-neutral state.[12]
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