The southern frogs form the Leptodactylidae, a name that comes from Greek meaning a bird or other animal having slender toes. They are a diverse family of frogs that most likely diverged from other hyloids during the Cretaceous. The family has undergone major taxonomic revisions in recent years, including the reclassification of the former subfamily Eleutherodactylinae into its own family the Eleutherodactylidae; the Leptodactylidae now number 206 species in 13 genera distributed throughout Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America. The family includes terrestrial, burrowing, aquatic, and arboreal members, inhabiting a wide range of habitats.
Adenomera is a genus of leptodactylid frogs, sometimes known as tropical bullfrogs, found in South America east of the Andes. The genus was until recently considered a synonym of Leptodactylus.
Bokermann's nectar bat is a bat species from South America. It is endemic to Brazil. It feeds on nectar, and is listed as an endangered species.
Amazophrynella bokermanni is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Brazil and only known from the region of its type locality, the Amazonas state. Its natural habitats are old-growth forests where it occurs in leaf-litter. The eggs are laid on aerial roots over temporary pools where the tadpoles then develop.
Caecilia bokermanni is a species of caecilian in the family Caeciliidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and possibly Peru. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
Bokermann's casque-headed frog is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to Brazil, known only from Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station, another location 10 km away and Rio Verde. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
Dendropsophus bokermanni is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and possibly Bolivia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, swamps, and intermittent freshwater marshes.
Phrynomedusa bokermanni, Bokermann's leaf frog, is a species of frog in the subfamily Phyllomedusinae. It is endemic to Brazil.
Adenomera andreae is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae.
Adenomera araucaria is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. It is endemic to southern Brazil, where it occurs in the southern part of the Serra Geral in the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul.
Adenomera diptyx is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. It is native to northern Argentina, Paraguay, eastern Bolivia, and southern Brazil. It was resurrected from the synonymy of Adenomera hylaedactyla in 1996.
Adenomera hylaedactyla is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, rivers, swamps, intermittent freshwater marshes, pastureland, rural gardens, heavily degraded former forest, and canals and ditches.
Adenomera lutzi is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. It is endemic to Guyana. First described from the upper Potaro River based on specimens collected before 1905, it is now known from a number of sites around the Pakaraima Mountains in west-central Guyana. The specific name lutzi honors Adolfo Lutz, a Brazilian medical entomologist and parasitologist and a pioneer of herpetology. Common names Lutz's tropical bullfrog and Lutz's thin-toed frog have been coined for the species.
Leptodactylus marmoratus, commonly known as the marbled tropical bullfrog, is a common species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. It is commonly found under and on the surface of dead leaf litter and dead branches.
Adenomera martinezi is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. It is endemic to Brazil and only known from its type locality, Cachimbo in southwestern Pará. Prior to its redelimitation by Carvalho and Giaretta in 2013, it was believed to be more widespread. Populations of this widespread taxon are now recognized as a distinct species, Adenomera saci.
Crossodactylodes bokermanni is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. It is endemic to Espírito Santo state of eastern Brazil. While its range is small, it is locally abundant. It is an arboreal species living in forests near 560 m (1,840 ft) altitude. It is associated with epiphytic bromeliads where its tadpoles develop. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Crossodactylus trachystomus is a species of frog in the family Hylodidae. It is endemic to the Espinhaço Mountains in Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Niceforonia columbiana is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae, sometimes known as the Colombian Andes frog. It is endemic to Colombia. It is only known from the holotype, which is now lost. The type locality, "Monte Redondo, Buenavista" on the Cordillera Oriental, is in either Cundinamarca or Meta Department, and is considered questionable by some. It might be a synonym of Leptodactylus hylaedactylus.
Physalaemus bokermanni is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and intermittent freshwater marshes. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Adenomera saci is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. It is endemic to central-western and northern Brazil. Prior to its description by Carvalho and Giaretta in 2013, it was confused with Adenomera martinezi. The specific name saci is Portuguese word for a kind of whistling imp in Brazilian (Tupi) folklore, in allusion to the whistling call of this frog.
