| ADIPOR2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Aliases | ADIPOR2 , adiponectin receptor 2, ACDCR2, PAQR2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 607946 MGI: 93830 HomoloGene: 56119 GeneCards: ADIPOR2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ADIPOR2 gene. [5] It is a member of the progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family, and is also known as PAQR2. [6]
Similar to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), AdipoR2 also possesses 7 transmembrane domains. However, AdipoR2 is orientated oppositely to GPCRs in the membrane (i.e., cytoplasmic N-terminus, extracellular C-terminus) and does not associate with G proteins. [5]
The adiponectin receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, serve as receptors for globular and full-length adiponectin and mediate increased AMPK and PPAR-α ligand activities, as well as fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake by adiponectin. [5] In 2016, the University of Tokyo announced that it would launch an investigation into claims of fabrication of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 identification data, as accused by an anonymous person/group called Ordinary_researchers. [7]
Adiponectin is a protein hormone and adipokine, which is involved in regulating glucose levels as well as fatty acid breakdown. In humans it is encoded by the ADIPOQ gene and it is produced primarily in adipose tissue, but also in muscle, and even in the brain.
Neurotensin receptors are transmembrane receptors that bind the neurotransmitter neurotensin. Two of the receptors encoded by the NTSR1 and NTSR2 genes contain seven transmembrane helices and are G protein coupled. Numerous crystal structures have been reported for the neurotensin receptor 1 (NTS1). The third receptor has a single transmembrane domain and is encoded by the SORT1 gene.
The G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1) also known G-protein coupled receptor 19 (GPCR19), membrane-type receptor for bile acids (M-BAR) or TGR5 as is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPBAR1 gene.
Adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ADIPOR1 gene. It is a member of the progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family, and is also known as PAQR1.
Probable G-protein coupled receptor 45 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR45 gene.
Probable G-protein coupled receptor 82 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR82 gene.
Probable G-protein coupled receptor 63 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR63 gene.
Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRGPRX2 gene. It is most abundant on cutaneous mast cells.
Probable G-protein coupled receptor 62 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR62 gene.
Probable G-protein coupled receptor 110 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR110 gene. This gene encodes a member of the adhesion-GPCR receptor family. Family members are characterized by an extended extracellular region with a variable number of N-terminal protein modules coupled to a TM7 region via a domain known as the GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN) domain.
Relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 4, also known as RXFP4, is a human G-protein coupled receptor.
Taste receptor type 2 member 1 (TAS2R1/T2R1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS2R1 gene. It belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and is related to class A-like GPCRs, they contain 7 transmembrane helix bundles and short N-terminus loop. Furthermore, TAS2R1 is member of the 25 known human bitter taste receptors, which enable the perception of bitter taste in the mouth cavity. Increasing evidence indicates a functional role of TAS2Rs in extra-oral tissues.
Olfactory receptor 2M7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR2M7 gene.
Olfactory receptor 5K2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR5K2 gene.
Membrane progesterone receptor beta (mPRβ), or progestin and adipoQ receptor 8 (PAQR8), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PAQR8 gene.
Probable G-protein coupled receptor 61 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR61 gene.
The γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) receptor (GHBR), originally identified as GPR172A, is an excitatory G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that binds the neurotransmitter and psychoactive drug γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB). As solute carrier family 52 member 2 (SLC52A2), it is also a transporter for riboflavin.
The adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) include the following two receptors, which are bound and activated by adiponectin:
AdipoRon is a selective, orally active, synthetic small-molecule agonist of the adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2). It activates AMPK and PPARα signaling and ameliorates insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance in db/db mice. Moreover, AdipoRon has been found to extend the lifespans of db/db mice fed a high-fat diet, as well as improve exercise endurance. The compound was discovered by Japanese researchers in 2013 via screening of a compound library, and is the first orally active, small-molecule agonist of the adiponectin receptors to be identified.
The progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family is a group of receptors related to but distinct from the G protein-coupled receptor family, which have the similar seven transmembrane structure, but the N-terminal is located on the inner side of the cell. It includes at least 11 receptors (PAQR1–PAQR11), including the adiponectin (adipoQ) receptors (AdipoRs), the membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs), and others.
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