Agniyar River

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Agniyar River
India Tamil Nadu relief map.svg
Red pog.svg
Location in Tamil Nadu
India relief location map.jpg
Red pog.svg
Agniyar River (India)
Location
CountryFlag of India.svg  India
State Tamil Nadu
Physical characteristics
Source 
  locationSouth of Keeranur
  coordinates 10°33′11″N78°48′35″E / 10.55306°N 78.80972°E / 10.55306; 78.80972
Mouth  
  location
South of Rajamadam
  coordinates
10°17′40″N79°22′6″E / 10.29444°N 79.36833°E / 10.29444; 79.36833
Basin size2058 km2
Discharge 
  location Palk Strait
  average90.3 million meters3/year
Basin features
ProgressionSoutheast
Landmarks Pattukkottai
Population823,000
Tributaries 
  leftGrand Anicut canal, left Nariyar River, Maharajasamundram River
  rightRight Nariyar River

The Agniyar River is a non-perennial river in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu that flows southeast into the Bay of Bengal.

Contents

Course

The river begins as a small stream south of Keeranur, proceeding south and east, passing Karambakkudi. Southeast of Karambakkudi, the Grand Anicut canal connects to it. The river continues eastward past Sendakkottai, until it is joined by the Maharajasamundram River south of Pattukkottai and west of Adirampattinam. After this confluence, the river flows south for a short distance, until it empties into the Palk Strait south of the village of Rajamadam, in the Pattukkottai taluk of Thanjavur district. [1] [2]

Watershed

The Agniyar River is located with the greater Agniyar basin, which includes the Agniyar's drainage basin, along with the watersheds of the neighboring Ambuliyar and Vellar rivers. This basin is situated to the north of the Pambar basin, and to the south and east of the Kaveri basin. The greater Agniyar basin covers 4809 km2 of land in the Pudukkottai, Thanjavur, Tiruchirappalli, Sivaganga, and Dindigul districts, while the smaller Agniyar basin covers 2058 km2. 1.9 million people live in the greater basin, while about 823,000 people make up the population of the smaller basin. [1]

Flow

As reported by a gauging station at the final dam across the river, the average yearly flow into the Bay of Bengal was about 90 million cubic metres of water. However, this average does not account for seasonal changes in precipitation and intermittent flow that result from India's wet and dry seasons. [3]

Irrigation

The river is utilized for extensive irrigation projects, with eight anicuts damming the river and diverting its flow to 1,280 storage tanks and 24,073 hectares of surrounding farmland. Additionally, a pumping station draws water from the river for municipal supply. [1]

Environmental issues

The river suffers from high nitrate and fluoride concentrations that are the result of agricultural runoff. Poor solid waste management and soil erosion also harm the river. [4] In the dry season, sand is sometimes illegally mined from the riverbed for use in construction. This extraction destabilizes the river's ecosystem and contributes to negative effects. [5]

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The Vellar River is a river in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It originates in the Kalrayan Hills, and flows generally eastward through Salem, Perambalur, and Cuddalore districts, before flowing into the Bay of Bengal near Parangipettai. The river has a total length of 150 kilometres (93 mi), and its drainage basin covers an area of 7,504.346 square kilometres (2,897.444 sq mi) in Cuddalore, Perambalur, Salem, Kallakurichi, Ariyalur, Namakkal, Tiruchirappalli, and Dharmapuri districts.

Kosasthalaiyar River, also known as Kortalaiyar, is one of the three rivers that flow in the Chennai metropolitan area.

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The Vellar River or South Vellar River is a non-perennial river in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu that flows southeast into the Palk Strait, part of the Bay of Bengal.

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The Ambuliyar or Ambuli River is a non-perennial river in the Pudukkottai and Thanjavur districts of Tamil Nadu, India, that flows southeast into the Palk Strait.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Agniyar Basin nwm.gov.in
  2. "DCHB Thanjavur" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
  3. Rahul, Bhadouria; Sachchidanand, Tripathi; Pratap, Srivastava; Pardeep, Singh (27 September 2019). Handbook of Research on the Conservation and Restoration of Tropical Dry Forests. IGI Global. ISBN   9781799800163 via Google Books.
  4. Draft Final Report vsemirnyjbank.org
  5. "Check illegal sand quarrying in Agniyar: Collector". The Hindu. 26 June 2019 via www.thehindu.com.