An aircraft boneyard or aircraft graveyard is a storage area for aircraft which are retired from service. Most aircraft at boneyards are either kept for storage continuing to receive some maintenance or parts of the aircraft are removed for reuse or resale and the aircraft are scrapped. Boneyard facilities are generally located in deserts such as those in the southwestern United States, since the dry conditions reduce corrosion and the hard ground does not need to be paved. [1] [2] In some cases, aircraft which were planned to be scrapped or were stored indefinitely without plans of ever returning to service were brought back into service, as the aviation market or the demands of military aviation changed or failed to develop as was anticipated. [3] [4] [5]
Some yards are privately owned and operated, others belong to the military including the 309th Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base in Tucson, Arizona.
After aircraft are put into boneyards, many are stripped of useful parts. Engines as well as most electronics, munitions, and wiring to be removed are recycled or kept in warehouses. The parts may serve as replacement parts for aircraft which are still flying or they may be used for reconditioning if and when the aircraft are called back into active duty. The parts along with the stripped aircraft may be sold to other countries.
Depending on the demands of the military or for commercial purposes, an aircraft or a whole squadron of the aircraft may be put back into active duty. The aircraft have to be reconditioned and tested so they will be airworthy. The reconditioning process includes putting in new avionics, electronics, safety measures, testing, and painting. Reconditioning of old aircraft is generally a cheaper way of getting more aircraft into service than buying new ones, and saves the United States billions of dollars annually.
Other nations' central aircraft storage facilities include the Russian Air Forces' Bases for Reserve Helicopters.
The 309th Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group in Tucson, the largest facility of its kind, is colloquially known as "The Boneyard". [1]
Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial air transport, demand for commercial aircraft storage increased dramatically in 2020. Furthermore, many aircraft which had initially been planned for short term storage were ultimately stored long term or even scrapped altogether, requiring maintenance work to prepare the planes for the different plans. As demand recovery behaved differently from expectations, temporary shortages as well as the requirement to prepare planes for long term storage after a few months of short term storage caused issues. Planes that have been stored for a few months can not be brought back to service on short notice. [6] The longer planes are stored, the more time it takes to get them fully airworthy and ready to fly again. Bringing a narrowbody aircraft back from long term storage takes roughly 40 worker hours while widebody aircraft require roughly 100 worker hours. [7]
Location | Country | Notes |
---|---|---|
Alice Springs, Northern Territory [8] | Australia | First large-scale aircraft boneyard outside the United States. [9] |
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan | Canada | Contains 23 old Fokker F-28 Fellowships of Canadian Regional Airlines and Air Canada Jazz. [8] [10] Planes stored off service roads north of 09/27. |
Mountainview, Ontario | Canada | Used primarily for storage of older RCAF Aircraft. [8] |
Manas International, Chüy Region | Kyrgyzstan | Soviet era aircraft began to appear after 1991. [8] |
Enschede Airport Twente [11] | Netherlands | |
Teruel, Aragon [12] | Spain | |
Cotswold Airport (formerly Kemble Airfield), Gloucestershire | United Kingdom | Air Salvage International, the leading European aircraft decommissioning company. [13] |
RAF Shawbury, Shropshire [14] | United Kingdom | From end of World War II to 1972. |
Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona | United States | Nearly 4,400 aircraft on 2,600-acre, 309th Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group. [1] |
Kingman Field, Arizona | United States | Storage and repair for Delta, American and United. [15] |
Pinal Airpark, Arizona [16] | United States | |
Blytheville, Arkansas | United States | Storage and scrapping for retired aircraft including the MD-80 series aircraft. |
San Bernardino, California | United States | Storage and scrapping for retired aircraft such as the MD-88. |
Mojave Air and Space, California | United States | More than 100 planes. |
Victorville, California [17] | United States | |
Oscoda-Wurtsmith, Michigan | United States | Storage for Kalitta Air and other airlines. |
Greenwood-Leflore Airport, Mississippi | United States | Storage, modification and scrapping for retired aircraft. |
Tupelo, Mississippi | United States | Storage, modification and scrapping for retired aircraft. |
Roswell, New Mexico | United States | Several large passenger and cargo jets. [18] |
Laurinburg-Maxton, North Carolina | United States | Charlotte Aircraft Corporation strips former Northwest Airlines aircraft. [19] |
Abilene Regional (Former), Texas [20] | United States | Many retired Saab 340s mostly from Envoy Air-American Eagle. [21] |
Davis–Monthan Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base 5 miles southeast of downtown Tucson, Arizona. It was established in 1925 as Davis–Monthan Landing Field. The host unit for Davis–Monthan AFB is the 355th Wing assigned to Twelfth Air Force (12AF), part of Air Combat Command (ACC). The base is best known as the location of the Air Force Materiel Command's 309th Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group, the aircraft boneyard for all excess military and U.S. government aircraft and aerospace vehicles.
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Bleed air in aerospace engineering is compressed air taken from the compressor stage of a gas turbine, upstream of its fuel-burning sections. Automatic air supply and cabin pressure controller (ASCPC) valves bleed air from low or high stage engine compressor sections; low stage air is used during high power setting operation, and high stage air is used during descent and other low power setting operations. Bleed air from that system can be utilized for internal cooling of the engine, cross-starting another engine, engine and airframe anti-icing, cabin pressurization, pneumatic actuators, air-driven motors, pressurizing the hydraulic reservoir, and waste and water storage tanks. Some engine maintenance manuals refer to such systems as "customer bleed air".
The 309th Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group, often called The Boneyard, is a United States Air Force aircraft and missile storage and maintenance facility in Tucson, Arizona, located on Davis–Monthan Air Force Base. The 309th AMARG was previously Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Center, and the Military Aircraft Storage and Disposition Center.
Chrome Air Service was an airline based in Lagos, Nigeria. It was established sometime in the year of 1990 and operated a small charter service within Nigeria and other cities and countries in Western Africa. The company operated two BAC One-Eleven 500s since 1999, but the airline became defunct after April 30, 2007, after failing Nigerian airline safety standards. One aircraft has presumably been scrapped and the other, BAC One-Eleven 487GKF, remains in storage at Henri Coandă International Airport in Bucharest, Romania as of August 2017.
Fantasy of Flight is an aviation museum in Polk City, Florida.
Kingman Airport is a city-owned, public-use airport located 9 miles northeast of the central business district of Kingman, a city in Mohave County, Arizona, United States.
China Airlines Flight 006 was a daily non-stop flight from Taipei to Los Angeles International Airport. On February 19, 1985, the Boeing 747SP operating the flight was involved in an aircraft upset accident, following the failure of the No. 4 engine, while cruising at 41,000 ft (12,500 m). The plane rolled over and plunged 30,000 ft (9,100 m), experiencing high speeds and g-forces before the captain was able to recover from the dive, and then to divert to San Francisco International Airport.
Twente Airport is located 2 NM outside of Enschede in Overijssel, Netherlands. It has one runway (05/23), though two of the current taxiways and platforms have been used as runways. The airport is currently uncontrolled and closed for scheduled passenger flights and military operations. A local flying club uses the airport for their activities. The airfield has also been approved for limited use by business charter operators and aircraft scrapping, storage and maintenance.
Tupelo Regional Airport is a public use airport located 3.7 miles; 3.2 nautical miles (6 km) west of the central business district of Tupelo, a city in Lee County, Mississippi, United States. It is owned by the Tupelo Airport Authority. The airport is mostly used for general aviation, but is also served by one commercial airline with scheduled passenger service subsidized by the federal Essential Air Service (EAS) program. Many college football teams visiting the University of Mississippi, 49 miles west in Oxford, fly into Tupelo.
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