| Sanguine poison frog | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Aromobatidae |
| Genus: | Allobates |
| Species: | A. zaparo |
| Binomial name | |
| Allobates zaparo (Silverstone, 1976) | |
Allobates zaparo, the sanguine poison frog or Zaparo's poison frog (in Spanish rana venenosa) is a species of frog in the family Aromobatidae. It is native to Ecuador and Peru, where it lives in tropical rainforest habitat. [3] [4] [1]
The adult male frog measures 27.0 to 30.5 mm in snout-vent length and the adult female frog 26.5 - 30.5 mm. The skin of the dorsum is red or brick in color with light brown or copper colored lines that start on the snout. The sides of the head and body are black in color, bordered with a brown stripe on top and a white on the bottom. The white stripe may turn blue toward the rear of the body. There is a green-yellow mark on the lip. The upper surfaces of the forelegs are light brown in color with black or dark brown spots. There is yellow or orange color in the axilliary region. The upper surfaces of the hind legs are black in color with blue-gray marks. The undersides of the hind legs or blue in color with black marks. The throat and chest are black in color but may have some blue. The blue becomes an orange stripe near where the front legs meet the body. The belly is blue with black marks. The iris of the eye is black in color with some bronze or copper near the pupil. [4]
This frog does not have poison chemicals in its skin, but its coloration resembles that of other frogs in Dendrobatidae that do, making it a Batesian mimic. A. zaparo most closely resembles A. bilinguis , which is moderately toxic, rather than other frogs in the area with more potent chemical defenses. Scientists believe this is because animals that attempt to prey on moderately toxic frogs learn exactly they looks like rather than developing a more generalized aversion. [4]
Scientists named this frog zaparo for the Sápara people who live in eastern Ecuador. [4]
This diurnal frog has been observed in forests in lowlands and on rolling hills, largely primary but occasionally secondary forest and riparian habitats near farmland. It spends time on the leaf litter. Scientists saw the frog between 200 and 1000 meters above sea level. [1]
People have seen this frog in many protected parks: Yasuní National Park, Sangay National Park, Yachana Reserve, and Jatun Sacha Biological Station. [1]
This frog has a variegated diet but preys extensively on ants. [4]
The male frog perches above the leaf litter and calls to the female frogs. The female frogs lays their eggs in forest leaf litter. After the eggs hatch, the adults carry the young to water. [5]
This species was treated in genus Epipedobates until phylogenetic analysis justified its transfer to Allobates . [6]
The IUCN classifies this frog as least concern of extinction. In places, it is threatened by habitat loss and deforestation in favor of agriculture, livestock cultivation, and the construction of roads for oil extraction. Pollution from farms, livestock, and mining can also affect this frog. [1]
The sky-blue poison frog is a species of poison dart frog. It is endemic to Peru and known from the lower eastern versant of the Andes in the upper Amazon basin of the San Martín Region.
Leucostethus argyrogaster or the Imaza rocket frog is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae. It is endemic to Peru.
Allobates brunneus is a species of frog in the family Aromobatidae. It is found in the southern Amazon drainage in Brazil to Mato Grosso and Amazonas and into extreme northern Bolivia. It has been often confused with other species, including undescribed ones.
Allobates kingsburyi is a species of frog in the family Aromobatidae. It is endemic to the Amazonian slopes of the Andes in Ecuador, near the Reventador volcano and in the Pastaza River trench.
Allobates ornatus is a species of frog in the family Aromobatidae. It is endemic to northern Peru where it is only known from near its type locality, Tarapoto in the San Martín Province, on the eastern slopes of the Cordillera Oriental.
Hyloxalus sylvaticus is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae. It is endemic to northern Peru and found on the Amazonian slopes of the Eastern Andes and in the Huancabamba Depression. Its range might extend to Ecuador.
Allobates trilineatus is a species of frog in the family Aromobatidae. It is found in northern Bolivia and Peru east of the Cordillera Oriental and in western Brazil (Acre), possibly extending into Colombia. It has been confused with Allobates marchesianus.
The Cauca poison frog is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae. It is endemic to Colombia.
The yellow-bellied poison frog, yellow-bellied poison-arrow frog, or yellowbelly poison frog is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae. It is found in northwestern Colombia and east-central Panama.
Anthony's poison arrow frog is a species of poison dart frog in the family Dendrobatidae. The species is endemic to Ecuador and Peru.
Ameerega bilinguis, the Ecuador poison frog, is a species of frogs in the family Dendrobatidae found in Colombia, Ecuador, and possibly Peru.
Silverstone's poison frog is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae endemic to Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers.
Cornufer browni is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea. It has been observed between 100 and 200 meters above sea level and between 1100 and 1300 meters above sea level.
Raorchestes ghatei is a species of shrub frogs from the Western Ghats of Maharashtra.
Ameerega berohoka is a species of poison dart frog that is endemic to Goiás and Mato Grosso in Brazil.
Ameerega yoshina is a species of poison frogs found in central Peru.
Ameerega pepperi is a species of poison frogs found in central Peru. It is similar morphologically to A. bassleri, A. cainarachi and A. yoshina; but can be distinguished by its advertisement call.
Hyloxalus pulcherrimus is a moderately large species of poison dart frog endemic to Peru. It is only known to be found in two streams near Cutervo.
Indirana paramakri, the rocky terrain leaping frog or Suganthagiri leaping frog, is a frog in the family Ranixalidae. It is endemic to Kerala, India in the Western Ghat mountains.
Silverstoneia minutissima is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae. It is endemic to Colombia, in such places as Chocó, Alto del Buey, Río Atrato, and Río San Juan.
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