Aromobatidae

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Aromobatidae
Allobates femoralis.jpg
Allobates femoralis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Superfamily: Dendrobatoidea
Family: Aromobatidae
Grant  [ fr; es ], Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad  [ fr ], Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel, and Wheeler  [ fr ], 2006 [1]
Subfamilies and genera

The Aromobatidae are a family of frogs native to Central and South America. [2] [3] [4] They are sometimes referred to as cryptic forest frogs or cryptic poison frogs. [2] They are the sister taxon of the Dendrobatidae, the poison dart frogs, but are not as toxic as most dendrobatids are. [1] [4]

Contents

Taxonomy

The Aromobatidae were separated from the Dendrobatidae only in 2006, [1] and some sources continue to treat these frogs as part of the Dendrobatidae. [5] However, their position as the sister taxa is well supported, and the question is primarily about whether they should be ranked as a family or a subfamily. [3]

The validity of subfamilies within the Aromobatidae is also unsettled. Some evidence points to paraphyly of at least the subfamily Anomaloglossinae, and genus Allobates , largely because of the uncertain placement of Allobates olfersioides . [2] [3]

Some species are reported to have a skunk like odor. This strong odor is secreted through the skin but theses frogs are not toxic. This strong odor is used as a defense mechanism against predators. [5]

Reproduction

Many aromobatids deposit small clutches of eggs in terrestrial nests. After hatching, one of the parents transports the tadpoles to a small water body, where they complete their development to metamorphosis. [4]

Anomaloglossus stepheni , Anomaloglossus degranvillei , Allobates chalcopis , and Allobates nidicola are four aromobatid species that have non-feeding tadpoles. [4]

Subfamilies and species

By late 2019, 126 species in three subfamilies and five genera had been described: [2]

In addition, "Prostherapis" dunni Rivero, 1961 is placed in this family, but its more precise placement is unknown; it might be an Aromobates. [6]

Related Research Articles

<i>Colostethus</i> Genus of amphibians

Colostethus is a genus of poison dart frogs native to Central and South America, from Panama south to Colombia, Ecuador, and northern Peru. Their common name is rocket frogs, but this name may refer to frogs in other genera and families, following the taxonomic revision of the genus in 2006.

<i>Aromobates</i> Genus of amphibians

Aromobates, sometimes known as the skunk frogs, is a genus of frogs from the Andes of Venezuela and Colombia. Originally a monotypic genus consisting of the skunk frog, Aromobates nocturnus alone, it was later expanded to include Nephelobates. These frogs are difficult to differentiate from Allobates without using molecular markers.

<i>Epipedobates</i> Genus of amphibians

Epipedobates is a genus of poison dart frogs native to northern South America west of the Andes, including the western slopes. Common name phantasmal poison frogs has been suggested for the genus.

<i>Rheobates palmatus</i> Species of frog

Rheobates palmatus is a species of frog in the family Aromobatidae. It is the type species of genus Rheobates erected in 2006. Its common name is palm rocket frog. It is endemic to Colombia. It is considered to be part of a species complex.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vicente's poison frog</span> Species of amphibian

Vicente's poison frog is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae that is endemic to the Veraguas and Coclé Provinces of central Panama. It is a little known arboreal frog that inhabits humid tropical lowland and montane forest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pleasing poison frog</span> Species of amphibian

The pleasing poison frog is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae endemic to Peru. The specific name bassleri honors Harvey Bassler, an American geologist and paleontologist.

<i>Ameerega bilinguis</i> Species of amphibian

Ameerega bilinguis, the Ecuador poison frog, is a species of frogs in the family Dendrobatidae found in Colombia, Ecuador, and possibly Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manú poison frog</span> Species of amphibian

The Manú poison frog is a frog species in the family Dendrobatidae found in southern Peru and Brazil. It can be found in the drainages of the Manú, Urubamba, Upper Purus and Ucayali Rivers. It can also be found in Serra do Divisor National Park and Alto Juruá Extractive Reserve.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peru poison frog</span> Species of amphibian

The Peru poison frog, also known as Peruvian poison frog, Peruvian poison-arrow frog and emerald poison frog, is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae. It is found in eastern Peru and western Brazil. Its natural habitats are primary premontane and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, freshwater marshes, and intermittent freshwater marshes.

The Oxapampa poison frog is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae endemic to Peru near Oxapampa, in the Pasco Region. Its natural habitat is montane tropical rainforest. It is a very rare species threatened by habitat loss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dendrobatoidea</span> Superfamily of amphibians

The Dendrobatoidea are a superfamily of frogs.

<i>Ameerega</i> Genus of amphibians

Ameerega is a genus of poison dart frogs in the family Dendrobatidae. These frogs live around rocks that are nearby streams. They are found in central South America north to Panama. It contains many former species of the genus Epipedobates.

<i>Silverstoneia</i> Genus of amphibians

Silverstoneia is a genus of poison dart frogs from southern Central America and northern South America, between southwestern Costa Rica and southwestern Colombia. It is named in honour of Phillip A. Silverstone, an expert on dendrobatoid frogs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hyloxalinae</span> Subfamily of amphibians

Hyloxalinae is a subfamily of frogs in the family Dendrobatidae.

<i>Adelphobates</i> Genus of amphibians

Adelphobates is a small genus of poison dart frogs. They are found in the central and lower Amazon basin of Peru and Brazil, possibly Bolivia. It was originally erected as a sister group to the Dendrobates and Oophaga genera. The validity of the genus is still being discussed, with the alternative being "Dendrobates galactonotus group" within Dendrobates. One species originally placed in this genus as Adelphobates captivus has since been moved to the genus Excidobates erected in 2008.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dendrobatinae</span> Subfamily of amphibians

Dendrobatinae is the main subfamily of frogs in the family Dendrobatidae, the poison dart frogs of Central and South America, found from Nicaragua to the Amazon basin in Brazil.

<i>Anomaloglossus</i> Genus of amphibians

Anomaloglossus is a genus of frogs in the family Aromobatidae. The genus is endemic to the Guiana Shield in northern South America. It used to be placed in the family Dendrobatidae, and is still placed in that family by some sources. The name of the genus, from the Greek anomalos and glossa (=tongue), refers to the unusual tongue bearing the median lingual process, the only unambiguous phenotypic synapomorphy of this genus.

<i>Rheobates</i> Genus of amphibians

Rheobates is a genus of frogs in the family Aromobatidae. It is endemic to Colombia. These are cryptically coloured frogs with extensive toe webbing. The name Rheobates is derived from the Greek words rheo and βάτης bátēs, in reference to the riparian habitat of the type species Rheobates palmatus. They are associated with streams in sub-Andean forests and foothills of the Andes at low to medium altitudes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leiuperinae</span> Subfamily of amphibians

The Leiuperinae are a subfamily of frogs in the family Leptodactylidae. Over 90 species are in five genera. The distribution of this subfamily is from southern Mexico to the Central America and much of South America.

Epipedobates narinensis is a species of poison dart frog. It was first described as a distinct species in 2008.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Grant, Taran; Frost, Darrel R.; Caldwell, Janalee P.; Gagliardo, Ron; Haddad, Célio F.B.; Kok, Philippe J.R.; Means, D. Bruce; Noonan, Brice P.; Schargel, Walter E. & Wheeler, Ward C. (2006). "Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 299: 1–262. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)299[1:PSODFA]2.0.CO;2. S2CID   82263880. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-02-21.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Frost, Darrel R. (2019). "Aromobatidae Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel, and Wheeler, 2006". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
  3. 1 2 3 Blackburn, D.C. & Wake, D.B. (2011). "Class Amphibia Gray, 1825. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3148: 39–55. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.8.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Vitt, Laurie J. & Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. pp. 486–488.
  5. 1 2 "Dendrobatidae". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
  6. Frost, Darrel R. (2019). ""Prostherapis" dunni Rivero, 1961". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 19 December 2019.