Sooglossidae

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Seychelles frogs
Sechellophryne gardineri.jpg
Sechellophryne gardineri
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Superfamily: Sooglossoidea
Family: Sooglossidae
Noble, 1931
Genera

2 genera (see text)

Sooglossidae, the Seychelles frogs or Seychelles Island frogs, are a family of frogs found on the Seychelles Islands. [1] Until recently, this family was believed to include the genera Sechellophryne , Nesomantis and Sooglossus , but following a major revision of amphibians in 2006, [2] the genus Nesomantis was named a junior synonym of Sooglossus. [3] Their closest relatives are the purple frogs (Nasikabatrachidae) of India. [4]

Contents

Description

All Sooglossidae species are relatively small terrestrial frogs, about 4 cm (1.6 in) in length, hiding under fallen leaves or in rock crevices. They are unusual for the neobatrachials, in that they undertake inguinal amplexus, a primitive version of amplexus. They lay their eggs on moist ground, rather than in water. Several species lack tadpoles, with the eggs hatching directly into froglets. [5] The tadpoles of S. sechellensis are carried, abnormally, on the backs of the female frogs until metamorphosis. [6]

There is no fossil record for the family. They diverged from the Nasikabatrachidae when the Seychelles Islands split from India during the Late Cretaceous. Their phylogenetic attributes are not fully understood but karyotypic studies demonstrate possible lineages from Madagascar due to pelobatid-leptodactyloid resemblances. [7]

Taxonomy

The family was first described in 1931 by Gladwyn Kingsley Noble (1894–1940) and contains the following two genera with four species in total: [1]

Genetic analysis indicates that some of the species that occur on multiple islands should actually be divided into multiple different lineages or evolutionarily significant units, and possibly even distinct species. [8]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rhacophoridae</span> Family of amphibians

The Rhacophoridae are a family of frogs that occur in tropical sub-Saharan Africa, South India and Sri Lanka, Japan, northeastern India to eastern China and Taiwan, south through the Philippines and Greater Sundas, and Sulawesi. They are commonly known as shrub frogs, or more ambiguously as "moss frogs" or "bush frogs". Some Rhacophoridae are called "tree frogs". Among the most spectacular members of this family are numerous "flying frogs".

<i>Chiromantis</i> Genus of amphibians

Chiromantis is a genus of frogs in the family Rhacophoridae, commonly known as foam-nest frogs or foam-nest tree frogs. It contains species from the Sub-Saharan African tropics. Following the molecular genetic study by Chen and colleagues (2020), the Asian species formerly assigned to Chiromantis have now been reclassified to the resurrected genus Chirixalus.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gardiner's Seychelles frog</span> Species of amphibian

Gardiner's Seychelles frog is a small frog of the family Sooglossidae and endemic to the Seychelles. It is named after John Stanley Gardiner, English zoologist and oceanographer.

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<i>Cruziohyla</i> Genus of amphibians

Cruziohyla is a genus of frogs in the subfamily Phyllomedusinae. They occur from Nicaragua and Honduras in Central America south to the Amazon Basin in South America. This genus was erected in 2005 following a major revision of the Hylidae and fully reviewed in 2018. Species in this genus were previously placed in the genera Agalychnis or Phyllomedusa.

Sooglossus is a genus of sooglossid frogs found in the Seychelles.

The Seychelles palm frog is a species of frog that is endemic to Silhouette Island in the Seychelles. It is closely related to Gardiner's frog, Sechellophryne gardineri.

<i>Scotobleps</i> Genus of amphibians

Scotobleps is a monotypic frog genus in the family Arthroleptidae; its sole species is Scotobleps gabonicus, sometimes known as the Gaboon forest frog or Gabon forest frog. It is found in eastern Nigeria, western and southwestern Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, western Gabon, western Republic of the Congo, and western Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its range could extend into the Cabinda Enclave of Angola.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomasset's Seychelles frog</span> Species of amphibian

Thomasset's Seychelles frog or Thomasset's frog is a species of frog in the family Sooglossidae. It is endemic to Seychelles. There are two known populations: one on Silhouette Island and one on Mahé Island.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Seychelles frog</span> Species of amphibian

The Seychelles frog is a species of frog endemic to Mahé, Silhouette and Praslin islands in the Seychelles. It inhabits the floor of damp rainforest at altitudes from 150 m (490 ft) to 991 m (3,251 ft) above sea level. Higher altitude sites are considered to be more climatically stable and more suitable. The species is present in Morne Seychellois National Park, Silhouette National Park and Praslin National Park.

<i>Nasikabatrachus bhupathi</i> Species of amphibian

Nasikabatrachus bhupathi, or Bhupathy's purple frog, is a frog species belonging to the family Nasikabatrachidae. It can be found in the Western Ghats in India and was discovered near the Srivilliputhur Grizzled Giant Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary. The specific epithet honors the late Indian herpetologist Subramanian Bhupathy (1963–2014).

<i>Sumaterana</i> Genus of frogs

Sumaterana, commonly known as Sumatran cascade frogs, is a genus of true frogs in the family Ranidae endemic to the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. Species inhabit fast-flowing streams found in primary or secondary forests.

<i>Rheohyla</i> Genus of amphibians

Rheohyla is a genus of frogs in the family Hylidae. As currently recognized, it is monotypic, containing only Rheohyla miotympanum, also known as the small-eared hyla or small-eared treefrog. However, the nominal species likely is a complex of more than one species. It is endemic to eastern and central Mexico. The generic name refers to streams, the breeding habitat of this frog. The specific name is derived from Greek meion, a diminutive prefix, together with Greek tympanon (='drum') and refers to the small tympanum.

<i>Nanohyla</i> Genus of amphibians

Nanohyla is a genus of frogs in the family Microhylidae. Members of the genus are known as pygmy narrow-mouthed frogs. The members of the genus are found throughout Southeast Asia in the countries of Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia and the Philippines.

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Zhangixalus is a genus of frogs in the subfamily Rhacophorinae, family Rhacophoridae. They are collectively known as Zhang's treefrogs. They occur in the Eastern Himalayas, southern China, Taiwan, Japan, and southeast Asia.

References

  1. 1 2 Frost, Darrel R. (2022). "Sooglossidae Noble, 1931". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001 . Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  2. Frost, D. R.; Grant, T.; Faivovich, J. N.; Bain, R. H.; Haas, A.; Haddad, C. F. B.; De Sá, R. O.; Channing, A.; Wilkinson, M.; Donnellan, S. C.; Raxworthy, C. J.; Campbell, J. A.; Blotto, B. L.; Moler, P.; Drewes, R. C.; Nussbaum, R. A.; Lynch, J. D.; Green, D. M. & Wheeler, W. C. (2006). "The amphibian tree of life". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 297: 1–291. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)297[0001:TATOL]2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/5781.
  3. Frost, Darrel R. (2022). "Sooglossus Boulenger, 1906". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001 . Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  4. Franky Bossuyt; Biju, S. D. (October 2003). "New frog family from India reveals an ancient biogeographical link with the Seychelles". Nature. 425 (6959): 711–714. doi:10.1038/nature02019. ISSN   1476-4687. PMID   14562102.
  5. Zweifel, Richard G. (1998). Cogger, H.G.; Zweifel, R.G. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 104–105. ISBN   0-12-178560-2.
  6. Encyclopedia of Animals:Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians
  7. Nussbaum, Ronald (1979). "Mitotic Chromosomes of Sooglossidae (Amphibia: Anura)". Caryologia. 32 (3): 279–298.
  8. Groombridge, Jim J.; Taylor, Michelle L.; Bradfield, Kay S.; Maddock, Simon T.; Bunbury, Nancy; Chong-Seng, Lindsay; Griffiths, Richard A.; Labisko, Jim (2019). "Endemic, endangered and evolutionarily significant: cryptic lineages in Seychelles' frogs (Anura: Sooglossidae)". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 126 (3): 417–435. doi:10.1093/biolinnean/bly183. hdl: 2436/622078 .