| Allocosa subparva | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Adult female | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Lycosidae |
| Genus: | Allocosa |
| Species: | A. subparva |
| Binomial name | |
| Allocosa subparva | |
Allocosa subparva is a species of wolf spider in the family Lycosidae. [1] They are found throughout western North America, as far north as Oregon to Idaho and as far south as Nayarit, Mexico. [1] [2] [3]
Allocosa subpara is a small wolf spider with a body length ranging between 4.8–7.9 mm (0.19–0.31 in) for males and 5.7–9.3 mm (0.22–0.37 in) for females. [1] [3] The carapace varies from reddish-brown to black, with an indistinct median band (but lacking a pale submarginal band), dark lateral margins, and lacking setae. [1] [3] The sternum, chelicerae, and legs range from orange to black. [1] Each femur and tibia has two black rings. [1] [3] The abdomen is typically a dull yellow with black spots on the dorsum and occasionally with paired, dark longitudinal bands on the venter. [1]
Males of Allocosa subparva can be discerned from other visually similar species by the combination of the distal process of the median apophysis folded and covering (or nearly covering) the basal process, as well as the base of the embolus being visible when viewed ventrally. [1] Females of A. subparva have an epigynum with a dorsal excavation visible through the ventral wall and open dorsally. [1] More detailed descriptive diagnostic features with illustrations can be found in Dondale and Redner 1983. [1]
Unlike many other wolf spiders, the cephalothorax of Allocosa subparva is dark and without a prominent coat of setae, giving the carapace a glossy appearance. [1] [3]
Allocosa subparva has been observed in various habitats, all at elevations of up to 2,200 meters, most often on lake and river shorelines, stream beds, and under stones. [1] [2] This species was observed less frequently on grasses and lawns. [1]
Mature females can be found year-round. Except March and November, mature males have been documented every month. [1]
Wolf spiders are members of the family Lycosidae, so named for their robust and agile hunting skills and excellent eyesight. They live mostly in solitude, hunt alone, and usually do not spin webs. Some are opportunistic hunters, pouncing upon prey as they find it or chasing it over short distances; others wait for passing prey in or near the mouth of a burrow.
Phoneutria boliviensis is a species of a medically important spider in the family Ctenidae found in Central and South America.
The Kauaʻi cave wolf spider, also known to local residents as the blind spider, is only known to occur in a few caves in a lava flow with an area of 10.5 km2 (4.1 sq mi) in the Kōloa–Poʻipū region of Kauaʻi, Hawaiian Islands, and only six populations are known to exist. While their nearest surface-dwelling relatives have large eyes, this species has completely lost its eyes. They reach a body length around 20 mm (0.8 in), and are reddish brown and completely harmless to people. Unlike most wolf spiders, it produces only 15 to 30 eggs per clutch. The female carries the egg sac in her mouthparts until the spiderlings hatch.
Dolomedes tenebrosus or dark fishing spider is a fishing spider found in the United States and Canada.
This glossary describes the terms used in formal descriptions of spiders; where applicable these terms are used in describing other arachnids.
Allocosa brasiliensis is a burrowing wolf spider species from southern South America. Long known to science, it remained almost unstudied until its unusual sexual behavior was described in the early 21st century.
Allocosa is a spider genus of the wolf spider family, Lycosidae. The 130 or more recognized species are spread worldwide.
Pisaurina mira, also known as the American nursery web spider, due to the web it raises young in, is a species of spider in the family Pisauridae. They are often mistaken for wolf spiders (Lycosidae) due to their physical resemblance. P. mira is distinguished by its unique eye arrangement of two rows.
Poecilotheria fasciata, the Sri Lanka ornamental or Sri Lanka ornamental tiger spider, is a large arboreal tarantula. It is endemic to central Sri Lanka.
Tigrosa helluo, commonly known as the Wetland Giant Wolf Spider, is a species of spider belonging to the family Lycosidae, also known as wolf spiders. T. helluo was formerly known as Hogna helluo before differences between dorsal color patterns, habitat preferences, body structures, etc. were discovered. The species is native to the United States, Canada, and Mexico. It can be found across the eastern half of the United States, primarily in the Northeast and New England, and as far west as Nebraska and Kansas. T. helluo can be found in diverse habitats including woods, marshes, fields, and riparian areas. Typically, members of this species prefer to live in wetter areas as opposed to dry environments. Males tend to live for around a year and females will live for close to two years.
Tetragnatha versicolor is a species of long-jawed orb weaver in the spider family Tetragnathidae. It is found throughout North America, Canada, Central America, and Cuba, but are most common in the United States. T. versicolor is heavily concentrated in New England and the west coast in states like California and Washington. T. versicolor is considered a habitat generalist, and can thrive in many different environments. While they can be found in places like Grasslands, Wetlands, Forests, etc., they prefer dryer areas like normal trees and shrubs. Unlike other spiders in the genus Tetragnatha, T. versicolor will rarely reside near aquatic environments. T. versicolor will typically be colored dark yellow or pale orange and average around 5 mm for males and 6.5 mm for females in length, which is very small for a spider. They are much longer than they are wide, making them very distinct. In addition, T. versicolor can be distinguished from other spiders in Tetragnatha by the distinct separation of the anterior/posterior eyes and the appearance of their reproductive organs. As an orb weaver spider, T. versicolor creates a web to hunt for prey. It will wait at night for prey to stumble into its web and use vibrational signals throughout the web to sense trapped prey. In terms of mating behavior, T. versicolor lacks a distinct courting ritual and will mate with any others in the proximity. Mating behavior is heavily affected by female mating history. In terms of interactions with humans, the bite of T. versicolor is venomous, but not known to cause significant harm.
Arctosa perita, also known as the sand bear spider, is a species of wolf spider in the family Lycosidae. They are native to Europe, North Africa, Turkey, the Caucasus, and Russia, however they have also been introduced into Canada. They live on dry, sandy soils or coastal dunes, where they create their burrows.
Pardosa lapidicina, the stone spider, is a species of wolf spider in the family Lycosidae.
Schizocosa mccooki is a species of wolf spider in the family Lycosidae. They can be found from the west coast to western Lake Erie in western North America, including Canada, the United States, and Mexico.
Schizocosa stridulans is a sibling species of S. ocreata and S. rovneri and is part of the wolf spider family. The name of the genus comes from the epigynum structure being lycosid and having a split T excavation. This spider is well-known for its specific leg ornamentation and courtship rituals and that is how it has been differentiated from its related species. The S. stridulans take systematic steps during its courtship ritual, which involves two independent signals. More specifically, female spiders will leave silk and pheromones to communicate that they are ready to mate.
Phoneutria depilata is a species of spider in the family Ctenidae, found in Central America.
Salsa is an Australasian genus of orb-weaver spiders.
Pardosa astrigera is a species of wolf spider in the family Lycosidae. They are found throughout Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan, and far east Russia.
Phrurolithus festivus is a spider in the family Phrurolithidae. It was originally distributed only in the Palaearctic and was introduced into Canada. The highly adaptable species inhabits a variety of both dry and wet habitats and can also be found in man-made habitats, but generally prefers open areas.
Salsa fuliginata, commonly known as the sooty orbweaver, is a orb-weaver spider of Araneidae in the genus Salsa. The species is found throughout southeastern Australia and New Zealand.
