The European Free Alliance (EFA) is a European political party that consists of various regionalist,separatist and ethnic minority political parties in Europe. Member parties advocate either for full political independence and sovereignty,or some form of devolution or self-governance for their country or region. The party has generally limited its membership to centre-left and left-wing parties;therefore,only a fraction of European regionalist parties are members of the EFA.
The Scottish National Party is a Scottish nationalist and social democratic political party. The party holds 63 of the 129 seats in the Scottish Parliament and 43 out of the 59 Scottish seats in the House of Commons in Westminster. It has 453 local councillors of 1,227.
The Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) is a political group of the European Parliament composed primarily of green and regionalist political parties.
Ian Stewart Hudghton is a Scottish National Party (SNP) politician who was President of the SNP from 2005 to 2020. He was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for North East Scotland (1998–1999) and its successor constituency;Scotland from 1999 to 2019.
Claude Ajit Moraes is a British Labour Party politician and campaigner,who was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for London between 1999 and the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the EU on 31 January 2020. He was Chair of the Civil Liberties,Justice and Home Affairs Committee,Deputy Leader of the European Parliamentary Labour Party and Vice-President of the Socialists and Democrats Group in the European Parliament.
David Martin is a Scottish politician who has served as co-convener of the Citizens' Assembly of Scotland since 2019. A member of the Scottish Labour Party,he was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1984 to 2019,having first represented the Lothians constituency until 1999 and then for the Scotland constituency. He was the United Kingdom's longest serving MEP and the second longest serving MEP in the whole European Parliament.
Scotland was a constituency of the European Parliament created in 1999. It elected between eight and six MEPs using the D'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation every five years from 1999 until 2020. The constituency was abolished after the United Kingdom left the European Union on 31 January 2020.
Scotland has elections to several bodies:the Scottish Parliament,the United Kingdom Parliament,local councils and community councils. Before the United Kingdom left the European Union,Scotland elected members to the European Parliament.
The Group of the European Radical Alliance (ERA) was a heterogeneous political group with seats in the European Parliament between 1994 and 1999. It was formed by regionalist parties from the former Rainbow Group,although its largest and dominant member party was the French Energie Radicale.
Aileen McLeod is a Scottish National Party (SNP) politician. She is a former Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Scotland constituency,having been elected in the 2019 European Parliament election. She served as MEP until the 31 January 2020 when the Brexit process was completed.
Christian Allard is a French citizen and a Scottish politician. Allard was elected as a Scottish National Party (SNP) Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Scotland constituency in the 2019 European Parliament election,serving until the 31 January 2020 when the Brexit process was completed. He is also a former Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the North East Scotland region 2013−2016 and has been a councillor for Aberdeen City Council since 2017.
David Adam Coburn is a Scottish politician and businessman who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Scotland from 2014 to 2019. A former member of the UK Independence Party (UKIP),Coburn was the leader of UKIP Scotland from July 2014 until December 2018.
The 2019 European Parliament election was held between 23 and 26 May 2019,the ninth parliamentary election since the first direct elections in 1979. A total of 751 Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) represent more than 512 million people from 28 member states. In February 2018,the European Parliament had voted to decrease the number of MEPs from 751 to 705 if the United Kingdom were to withdraw from the European Union on 29 March 2019. However,the United Kingdom participated alongside other EU member states after an extension of Article 50 to 31 October 2019;therefore,the allocation of seats between the member states and the total number of seats remained as it had been in 2014. The Ninth European Parliament had its first plenary session on 2 July 2019.
Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy was a Eurosceptic and populist political group in the European Parliament. The EFDD group was a continuation for the Eighth European Parliament of the Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD) group that existed during the Seventh European Parliament,with significant changes to group membership.
Theresa Reintke is a German politician who has been serving as a member of the European Parliament from Germany since 2014. She is co-president of the Greens/EFA Group in the European Parliament. She is a member of the Alliance 90/The Greens,part of The Greens–European Free Alliance. From 2011 to 2013 she was the spokesperson of the Federation of Young European Greens.
The 2019 European Parliament election was the United Kingdom's component of the 2019 European Parliament election,held on Thursday 23 May 2019 and the results were announced on Sunday 26 and Monday 27 May 2019,after all the other EU countries had voted. This was the United Kingdom's final participation in a European Parliament election before leaving the European Union on 31 January 2020,and was also the last election to be held under the provisions of the European Parliamentary Elections Act 2002 before its repeal under the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018.
Reform UK is a right-wing populist political party in the United Kingdom. It was founded by Catherine Blaiklock with support from Nigel Farage in November 2018 as the Brexit Party,advocating hard Euroscepticism and a no-deal Brexit. It was a significant political force at the 2019 European Parliament election,but failed to win any seats at the 2019 general election. After the UK's withdrawal from the European Union (EU) on 31 January 2020,it was renamed to Reform UK,and it became primarily an anti-lockdown party during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since 2022,the party has campaigned on a platform of broader right-wing populist issues,chiefly surrounding illegal migration and the government’s Net Zero energy policy.
Heather Anderson is a Scottish National Party (SNP) politician who briefly served as the Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Scotland constituency in late January 2020.
