| Ammoglanis | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Siluriformes |
| Family: | Trichomycteridae |
| Subfamily: | Sarcoglanidinae |
| Genus: | Ammoglanis Costa, 1994 |
| Type species | |
| Ammoglanis diaphanus Costa, 1994 | |
| Species | |
At least 5, see text. | |
Ammoglanis is a genus of pencil catfishes native to South America.
The phylogenetic position of A. pulex is problematic. It seems to be closely related to A. diaphanus due to some derived characters of the internal anatomy, but a conclusive assessment of its relationships has not been prevented by its paedomorphic features and scarcity of study material. This generic placement seems to be well supported. [1]
The relationships of the genus Ammoglanis are unknown; it is thought that this genus along with undescribed forms are the sister group to a large intrafamilial clade composed of several genera and subfamilies. In the interim, this genus is included within Sarcoglanidinae. [1]
There are currently five recognized species in this genus: [2] [3] [4]
A. amapaensis originates from three different drainages of the Amazon River, the Jari, Amapari, and Araguari River. [5] A. diaphanus originates from a stream tributary to the Javaés River of the Araguaia River basin in Tocantins, Brazil. [6] A. pulex originates from the Paria Grande River, the Pamoni River, and Caño Garrapata of Venezuela. [7] A. obliquus is only known from the Rio Preta da Eva drainage basin. [4]
Ammoglanis species grow to about 1.5–1.9 centimetres (0.59–0.75 inches) SL. [6] [7] A. pulex is among the smallest known vertebrates. [1] A. pulex can be distinguished from A. diaphanus by a number of characteristics, including the presence of a faint pattern of eight bands formed by internal chromatophores and the lack of teeth. [1]
A. diaphanus inhabits shallow, narrow, clear water, moderately swift-flowing stream and is found buried in the sand. It feeds on Diptera larvae and a cladocerans. [6] A. pulex is a translucent light-pink fish that camouflages well in sand. [1] A. pulex is found in sand banks near the shorelines of clear water and slightly tea-stained streams. Apparently fossorial by daylight, it is found buried in coarse clear sand at the stream edge, in areas shaded by dense tropical rainforest. The waters are with slow current, pH varying between 5.5–6.2, and temperature between 27.5–28 °C (81.5–82.4 °F). [1] A. pulex is thought to feed on microscopic fauna like protozoa, rotifers, and nematodes since it inhabits interstitial spaces among sand grains in nutrient-poor, clear-water and backwater streams. [1]
Trichomycteridae is a family of catfishes commonly known as pencil catfishes or parasitic catfishes. This family includes the candiru fish, feared by some people for its alleged habit of entering into the urethra of humans. They are one of the few parasitic chordates. Another species is the life monsefuano which was important to the Moche culture and still an important part of Peruvian cuisine.
The genus Panaque contains a small number of small to medium-sized South American suckermouth armoured catfishes that are notable for being among the very few vertebrates that feed extensively on wood. In addition, algae and aufwuchs are an important part of the diet, and they use their rasping teeth to scrape this from rocks. These fish are also popular aquarium fish, where the sound of scraping as these fish forage for food is easily audible.
The Ariidae or ariid catfish are a family of catfish that mainly live in marine waters with many freshwater and brackish water species. They are found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate zones. The family includes about 143 species.
Listrura is a genus of pencil catfishes native to South America.
Trichomycterus is a genus of fish in the family Trichomycteridae, the largest genus of its family with over 170 species currently described. This genus is native to freshwater habitats in Central and South America. These fish are generally small, usually about 5 to 15 cm (2–6 in) in standard length, although the largest, T. rivulatus, can reach more than twice this size. Species differ from one another primarily in body proportions, fin ray counts and colouration. Despite their relatively small size, some, such as T. punctulatus, support fisheries and are important in the local cuisine.
Akysis is the largest genus of catfishes of the family Akysidae.
Gogo is a small genus of catfishes of the family Anchariidae. It includes four species.
Trichogenes longipinnis, is a species of catfish of the family Trichomycteridae. T. longipinnis is endemic to coastal streams in the Atlantic forest between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo States in southeastern Brazil.
Stauroglanis gouldingi is a species of catfish of the family Trichomycteridae, and the only species of the genus Stauroglanis.
Microcambeva is a genus of catfishes of the family Trichomycteridae.
Glanapteryx is a genus of catfishes native to South America.
Typhlobelus is a genus of pencil catfishes native to South America.
The Sarcoglanidinae are a subfamily of catfishes of the family Trichomycteridae. It includes six genera: Ammoglanis, Malacoglanis, Microcambeva, Sarcoglanis, Stauroglanis, and Stenolicmus.
Pareiorhina carrancas is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil. It was discovered in the Debaixo da Serra, a headwater stream with clear, cold and moderate to fast flowing water of the Rio Grande basin in the State of Minas Gerais of southeastern Brazil. This species grows to a length of 4.12 centimetres (1.62 in) SL.
Ammoglanis obliquus is a species of pencil catfish endemic to the Rio Preto da Eva drainage in the central Brazilian Amazon. This species reaches a length of 1.55 cm (0.61 in).
Ammoglanis natgeorum is a species of pencil catfish which was described from a marginal habitat of the lower Atabapo River, which is a left-bank blackwater tributary of the upper Orinoco River in Amazonas, Venezuela.
Ammoglanis pulex is a species of pencil catfish found in the Paria Grande River, the Pamoni River, and the Caño Garrapata in Venezuela. This species reaches a length of 1.5 cm (0.59 in).
Copionodon lianae is a species of catfishes of the family Trichomycteridae. It is found in the Grisante River, a tributary of the Mucujê River, which is a tributary of the Paraguaçu River in Bahia, Brazil. This species reaches a length of 6.2 cm (2.4 in).
Ammoglanis diaphanus is a species of pencil catfish is found in a stream tributary to Javaés River, in the Araguaia River basin in Brazil. This species reaches a length of 1.9 cm (0.75 in).
Ammoglanis amapaensis is a species of pencil catfish and is found in the Rio Mapaoni, of the Rio Jari basin, in the Município Serra do Navio, at the Parque Nacional Montanhas do Tumucumaque, with a GPS coordinate of 2°11'39"N, 54°35'16"W, in the Estado do Amapá, Brazil. This species reaches a length of 1.8 cm (0.71 in).