Ansonia minuta

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Ansonia minuta
Ansonia minuta 2.jpg
An adult, possibly a male, Sarawak, Malaysia
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Bufonidae
Genus: Ansonia
Species:
A. minuta
Binomial name
Ansonia minuta
Inger, 1960 [2]

Ansonia minuta is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae, described from the forests of Sarawak in 1960. [3] [4] It is known by a number of common names: tiny stream toad, [5] dwarf slender toad, [4] and minute slender toad. [6] It is endemic to Borneo (both Indonesia and Malaysia) and occurs in tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Contents

Systematics

Recent phylogenetic studies found that A. minuta forms a sister relationship with another as yet undescribed member of Ansonia , and is positioned in a clade consisting of Ansonia hanitschi , Ansonia spinulifer , Ansonia platysoma , and the undescribed species. [7]

Description

Dorsal view of Ansonia minuta from the Museum of Comparative Zoology Paratype of Ansonia minuta.jpg
Dorsal view of Ansonia minuta from the Museum of Comparative Zoology

A. minuta is a smaller member of the genus Ansonia . Males range up between 20–24 mm (0.79–0.94 in) while the females measure up to 30 mm (1.2 in) in snout–vent length. The species is slender, with a wide truncate snout. Ear tympani are visible; the feet have rudimentary webbing. The skin on the back is tuberculate with rounded warts, while flanks and throat are more finely granulated. The male possesses a vocal sac with a longitudinal slit on the left side of the mouth. Larvae are recorded to grow up to 17.2 mm (0.68 in). [2]

Distribution and habitat

The species is endemic to Borneo and known from western and central Sarawak and Sabah in Malaysia and adjacent western Kalimantan (Indonesia) between elevations of 200–1,000 m (660–3,280 ft) above sea level. [3] It has a terrestrial lifestyle and occurs in the lowland rainforests, where it breeds in small, rocky streams with clear flowing water. Larvae develop within streams. [1]

Conservation

A. minuta is currently listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN, as it is believed to suffer from habitat loss through logging and the species will not inhabit disturbed habitats. [1]

Related Research Articles

<i>Pelophryne</i> Genus of amphibians

Pelophryne, commonly known as flathead toads or dwarf toads, is a genus of true toads, family Bufonidae. The genus occurs in the Philippines, Borneo, Malaya including Singapore, and Hainan (China). Molecular data suggest that Pelophryne is the sister taxon of Ansonia.

Ansonia albomaculata, also known as the white-lipped slender toad and whitebelly stream toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the island of Borneo and can be found in Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), Brunei, and northern Kalimantan (Indonesia).

<i>Ansonia fuliginea</i> Species of amphibian

Ansonia fuliginea, the North Borneo stream toad or North Borneo slender toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Mount Kinabalu in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.

Ansonia guibei is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to northwestern Sabah in Malaysian Borneo. The specific name guibei honors Jean Guibé, a French zoologist and herpetologist. Common names Mesilau toad and Mesilau stream toad have been coined for it.

<i>Ansonia hanitschi</i> Species of amphibian

Ansonia hanitschi is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to mountains of Borneo and found in both Malaysia and Indonesia . Its natural habitats are submontane and montane forests. It inhabits the forest floor. Breeding takes place in clear, rocky mountain streams. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Ansonia latidisca, commonly called the Sambas stream toad or Bornean rainbow toad, is a small true toad rediscovered in 2011 after being unseen since 1924. It is endemic to Borneo. Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<i>Ansonia leptopus</i> Species of amphibian

Ansonia leptopus is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is known from a few lowland localities in Borneo, Sumatra (Indonesia), and Peninsular Malaysia; it is reported as common in lowland Malaysian Borneo. Its presence in Peninsular Malaysia is uncertain. Its common names are brown slender toad, Matang stream toad, and cricket-voiced toad.

<i>Ansonia longidigita</i> Species of amphibian

Ansonia longidigita is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to northern and western Borneo in Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia) and in Brunei.

Ansonia malayana is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is also known as Malayan slender toad, Malaya stream toad, and pigmy false toad. It is found on the Malay Peninsula, from the Kra Isthmus (Thailand) southward to Peninsular Malaysia. However, its precise distribution in Thailand is poorly known as it may have been confused with Ansonia kraensis, described as a new species in 2005; it may also represent more than one species.

Ansonia platysoma, also known as the flat-bodied slender toad and Luidan stream toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the island of Borneo and known from Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia, and from Brunei. Its closest relative is Ansonia kelabitensis.

<i>Ansonia spinulifer</i> Species of amphibian

Ansonia spinulifer, also known as spiny slender toad or Kina Balu stream toad, is a species of true toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Sarawak and Sabah, northern Borneo (Malaysia), and presumably also in Kalimantan on the Indonesian part of the island.

Ansonia torrentis, also known as the Gunung Mulu stream toad and torrent slender toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Mount Mulu in Sarawak, Borneo (Malaysia). The specific name torrentis refers to the habitat at its type locality, a stream running down a steep mountainside.

Pelophryne api, also known as Api dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Borneo and known from Gunung Mulu National Park in northern Sarawak and from Simpang Kuda in Bau District, western Sarawak. Its genetic divergence from Pelophryne guentheri is relatively low and these species could be conspecific.

<i>Pelophryne misera</i> Species of amphibian

Pelophryne misera, the black flathead toad or Kinabalu dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to northwestern Borneo and known from Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), although its distribution is likely to be broader and might extend to Kalimantan (Indonesia). It was first described from specimens collected from Mount Kinabalu.

Pelophryne rhopophilia, also known as lowland dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Borneo and found in north-eastern and south-western Sarawak (Malaysia) and (likely) in adjacent West Kalimantan (Indonesia).

Ansonia echinata is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Sarawak, Borneo. Common name spiny slender toad has been coined for this little known species.

Ansonia vidua is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Sarawak, Borneo. Common names Murud black slender toad and widow slender toad have been coined for this little known species. The latter name refers to the black colouration of this species and the fact that no male individuals are known.

Sabahphrynus is a monotypic genus of amphibians in the family Bufonidae. The sole species is Sabahphrynus maculatus, also known as the spotted Asian tree toad or Sabah earless toad. It is endemic to Borneo where it is only known from Sabah, East Malaysia.

Ansonia teneritas, the gracile slender toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae, described in 2016. It is endemic to central Sarawak in Malaysian Borneo and is only known from two isolated mountain ridges. Its name is derived from its slender body.

Pelophryne saravacensis, also known as Sarawak dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Borneo and only known from Sarawak ; there are records from at least four localities representing three different divisions.

References

  1. 1 2 3 IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2018). "Ansonia minuta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T54476A114916512. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T54476A114916512.en . Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 Inger, Robert F. (1960). "A review of the oriental toads of the genus Ansonia Stoliczka". Fieldiana: Zoology. 39 (43): 473–503.
  3. 1 2 Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Ansonia minuta Inger, 1960". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  4. 1 2 Haas, A.; Das, I.; Hertwig, S.T. (2016). "Ansonia minuta (Dwarf Slender Toad)". Frogs of Borneo. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  5. ↑ Frank, N.; Ramus, E. (1995). Complete guide to scientific and common names of amphibians and reptiles of the world. Pottsville, Pennsylvania: NG Publishers.
  6. ↑ Das, I.; Jankowski, A.; Mohd. Iqbal b. Makmor; Haas, A. (2007). "Species diversity, elevational distribution and reproductive modes in an amphibian community at the Matang Range, Sarawak (Borneo)". Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg. 104: 141–174.
  7. ↑ Matsui, M.; Tominaga, A.; Liu, W.; Khonsue, W.; Grismer, L.L.; Diesmos, A.C.; Das, I.; Sudin, A.; Yambun, P.; Yong, H.; Sukumaran, J. (2010). "Phylogenetic relationships of Ansonia from Southeast Asia inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences: systematic and biogeographic implications (Anura: Bufonidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 54 (2): 561–570. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.08.003. PMID   19679193.
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