Anthony Edward Dudley | |
|---|---|
 Anthony Dudley | |
| Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Gibraltar | |
| Assumed office 2010 | |
| Appointed by | Governor of Gibraltar Sir Adrian Johns |
| Preceded by | Derek Schofield |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Gibraltar |
| Nationality | British (Gibraltarian) |
| Children | 2 |
| Occupation | Barrister |
| Profession | Judge |
Anthony Edward Dudley is a Gibraltarian barrister,and one of the two judges of the Supreme Court of Gibraltar.
Dudley was called to the Bar in 1989. After working several years in private practice,he became Registrar to the Supreme Court of Gibraltar,and subsequently,Stipendiary Magistrate and Coroner. After being appointed Additional Judge,became Acting Chief Justice in September 2007. [1]
He was appointed Chief Justice on 1 February 2010,by the Governor Sir Adrian Johns. Dudley is the first Gibraltarian to occupy this position as holder. [2]
He is married and has two daughters. [2]
In April 2011,under Dudley's guidance,the Supreme Court of Gibraltar ruled that consensual sex (both for heterosexual and male homosexuals) would be considered legal from the age of 16. Previously,gay men were only legally allowed to have sexual intercourse from the age of 18. Also,the Supreme Court declared that criminalisation of consensual anal sex among heterosexuals was unconstitutional. Both decisions were strongly criticised by some sectors of Gibraltarian civil society,particularly by the Gibraltar Women's Association [3] and the Evangelical Alliance. However,the government made it clear that the question still depended on a referendum to be held on an undetermined date. [4]
Lawrence v. Texas,539 U.S. 558 (2003),is a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that sanctions of criminal punishment for consensual,adult non-procreative sexual activity are unconstitutional. The Court reaffirmed the concept of a "right to privacy" that earlier cases had found the U.S. Constitution provides,even though it is not explicitly enumerated. It based its ruling on the notions of personal autonomy to define one's own relationships and of American traditions of non-interference with private sexual decisions between consenting adults.
Bowers v. Hardwick,478 U.S. 186 (1986),was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that upheld,in a 5–4 ruling,the constitutionality of a Georgia sodomy law criminalizing oral and anal sex in private between consenting adults,in this case with respect to homosexual sodomy,though the law did not differentiate between homosexual and heterosexual sodomy. It was overturned in Lawrence v. Texas (2003),though the statute had already been struck down by the Georgia Supreme Court in 1998.
The Supreme Court of India is the supreme judicial authority and the highest court of the Republic of India. It is the final court of appeal for all civil and criminal cases in India. It also has the power of judicial review. The Supreme Court,which consists of the Chief Justice of India and a maximum of fellow 33 judges,has extensive powers in the form of original,appellate and advisory jurisdictions.
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Section 377 of the British colonial penal code criminalized all sexual acts "against the order of nature". The law was used to prosecute people engaging in oral and anal sex along with homosexual activity. As per Supreme Court Judgement since 2018,Indian Penal Code Section 377 is used to convict non-consensual sexual activities among homosexuals with a minimum of ten years imprisonment extended to life imprisonment. It has been used to criminalize third gender people,such as the apwint in Myanmar. In 2018,then British Prime Minister Theresa May acknowledged how the legacies of British colonial anti-sodomy laws continue to persist today in the form of discrimination,violence,and death.
The judiciary of Gibraltar is a branch of the Government of Gibraltar that interprets and applies the law of Gibraltar,to ensure equal justice under law,and to provide a mechanism for dispute resolution. The legal system of Gibraltar is based on English law and is a mix of common law and statute. The hierarchical system of courts includes a magistrates' court,a supreme court and a non-resident appellate court.
The chief justice of the Supreme Court of Gibraltar is one of the four judges who make up the supreme court of Gibraltar. Previously the chief justice was appointed by the Governor of Gibraltar on the advice of the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Under the 2006 Constitution the Governor,on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission,makes the appointment on behalf of the Monarch.
Derek Schofield,is a British lawyer and the former Chief Justice of Gibraltar. He was removed from office in 2009 in controversial circumstances.
The Supreme Court of Bangladesh is the highest court of law in Bangladesh. It is composed of the High Court Division and the Appellate Division,and was created by Part VI Chapter I of the Constitution of Bangladesh adopted in 1972. This is also the office of the Chief Justice,Appellate Division Justices,and High Court Division Justices of Bangladesh. As of January 2024,there are 6 Justices in Appellate Division and 89 Justices in High Court Division.
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Lesbian,gay,bisexual and transgender (LGBT) rights have evolved significantly in the past decades in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. Same-sex sexual activity has been legal since 1993 and the age of consent was equalised to 16 in 2012. The Supreme Court of Gibraltar ruled in April 2013 that same-sex couples have the right to adopt. Civil partnerships have been available to both same-sex and opposite-sex couples since March 2014,and in October 2016,Gibraltar voted to legalise same-sex marriage with the Civil Marriage Amendment Act 2016 passing unanimously in Parliament. The law received royal assent on 1 November and took effect on 15 December 2016.
A sodomy law is a law that defines certain sexual acts as crimes. The precise sexual acts meant by the term sodomy are rarely spelled out in the law but are typically understood by courts to include any sexual act deemed to be "unnatural" or "immoral". Sodomy typically includes anal sex,oral sex,manual sex,and bestiality. In practice,sodomy laws have rarely been enforced against heterosexual couples,and have mostly been used to target homosexual couples.
Lesbian,gay,bisexual,and transgender (LGBT) people in the U.S. state of West Virginia face legal challenges not faced by non-LGBT persons. Same-sex sexual activity has been legal since 1976,and same-sex marriage has been recognized since October 2014. West Virginia statutes do not address discrimination on account of sexual orientation or gender identity;however,the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Bostock v. Clayton County established that employment discrimination against LGBT people is illegal.
Hollingsworth v. Perry was a series of United States federal court cases that re-legalized same-sex marriage in the state of California. The case began in 2009 in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California,which found that banning same-sex marriage violates equal protection under the law. This decision overturned California ballot initiative Proposition 8,which had banned same-sex marriage. After the State of California refused to defend Proposition 8,the official sponsors of Proposition 8 intervened and appealed to the Supreme Court. The case was litigated during the governorships of both Arnold Schwarzenegger and Jerry Brown,and was thus known as Perry v. Schwarzenegger and Perry v. Brown,respectively. As Hollingsworth v. Perry,it eventually reached the United States Supreme Court,which held that,in line with prior precedent,the official sponsors of a ballot initiative measure did not have Article III standing to appeal an adverse federal court ruling when the state refused to do so.
Naz Foundation v. Govt. of NCT of Delhi (2009) is a landmark Indian case decided by a two-judge bench of the Delhi High Court,which held that treating consensual homosexual sex between adults as a crime is a violation of fundamental rights protected by India's Constitution. The verdict resulted in the decriminalization of homosexual acts involving consenting adults throughout India. This was later overturned by the Supreme Court of India in Suresh Kumar Koushal vs. Naz Foundation,in which a 2 judge bench reinstated Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code. However,even that was overturned by a 5 judge bench in Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India in 2018,decriminalizing homosexuality once again.
The chief justice of Namibia,sometimes also referred to as the judge president,is the head of the Supreme Court of Namibia,the highest appellate court in Namibia. It is the highest post in the Namibian judicial system,presiding over the operation of the supreme court. The position was created on 21 March 1990,the day of Namibian independence,along with the foundation of the Supreme Court.
This is a timeline of notable events in the history of lesbian,gay,bisexual and transgender people in South Africa.
The chief justice of Kenya is a public office in the Republic of Kenya established under Article 161 of the country's Constitution as the head of the Judiciary of Kenya. Under Article 163,the chief justice also serves as the president of the Supreme Court of Kenya. The chief justice is assisted by the deputy chief justice,who also serves as the deputy president of the Supreme Court.
Sudhansu Jyoti Mukhopadhaya is a former justice of the Supreme Court of India. He was also chair of the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal from 1 June 2016 to 14 March 2020. He previously served as Chief Justice of Gujarat High Court and also served as acting Chief Justice at the Jharkhand High Court and the Madras High Court.
Lesbianism in Gibraltar became legal in 1992.
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