Related Research Articles
Nemertea is a phylum of animals also known as ribbon worms or proboscis worms, consisting of 1300 known species. Most ribbon worms are very slim, usually only a few millimeters wide, although a few have relatively short but wide bodies. Many have patterns of yellow, orange, red and green coloration. The foregut, stomach and intestine run a little below the midline of the body, the anus is at the tip of the tail, and the mouth is under the front. A little above the gut is the rhynchocoel, a cavity which mostly runs above the midline and ends a little short of the rear of the body. All species have a proboscis which lies in the rhynchocoel when inactive but everts to emerge just above the mouth to capture the animal's prey with venom. A highly extensible muscle in the back of the rhynchocoel pulls the proboscis in when an attack ends. A few species with stubby bodies filter feed and have suckers at the front and back ends, with which they attach to a host.
Amiskwia is a genus of soft-bodied animals known from fossils of the Middle Cambrian Lagerstätten both in the Burgess Shale in British Columbia, Canada and the Maotianshan shales of Yunnan Province, China. It is interpreted as a member of the clade Gnathifera sensu lato or as a stem-chaetognath.
Anopla has long been used as name for a class of marine worms of the phylum Nemertea, characterized by the absence of stylets on the proboscis, the mouth being below or behind the brain, and by having separate openings for the mouth and proboscis. The other long used class of Nemertea are the Enopla. Although Anopla is a paraphyletic grouping, it is used in almost all scientific classifications. Anopla is divided into two orders: Palaeonemertea and Heteronemertea.
Louis Marie Adolphe Olivier Édouard Joubin was a professor at the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle in Paris. He published works on nemerteans, chaetognatha, cephalopods, and other molluscs.
Palaeonemertea is a class of primitive nemertean worm. It may be para- or polyphyletic, consisting of three to five clades and totalling about 100 species.
Heteronemertea is a monophyletic order of about 500 species of nemertean worm. It contains genera such as Lineus and Cerebratulus, and includes the largest and most muscular nemerteans.
Rhabdites are rodlike structures in the cells of the epidermis or underlying parenchyma in certain turbellarians, and in the epidermis of nemerteans. They are discharged in mucous secretions. They are a defensive mechanism, which dissolve in water, and they are distasteful to most animals who would prey on rhabditid worms. In nemerteans, rhabdites form mucus on which the animals glide.
Enopla is one of the classes of the worm phylum Nemertea, characterized by the presence of a peculiar armature of spines or plates in the proboscis.
Worms are many different distantly related bilateral animals that typically have a long cylindrical tube-like body, no limbs, and no eyes.
Lineidae is a family of nemertean worms. It contains the following genera:
Prostoma is a genus of freshwater nemerteans, containing the following species:
Prosorhochmidae is a family of nemertean worms belonging to the suborder Monostilifera. It contains the following genera:
Malacobdellidae is a monogeneric family within the phylum Nemertea. It is included with the order Hoplonemertea within the class Enopla.
Argonemertes is a genus of nemertean worms belonging to the family Prosorhochmidae. It may be transferred to the family Plectonemertidae. It contains the following species:
Diva Diniz Corrêa was a Brazilian marine zoologist.
Lineus sanguineus, the banded nemertean or social lineus, is a species of nemertean ribbon worm in the family Lineidae. It occurs in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean as well as on both coasts of North America. It burrows in muddy sand from the mid-tidal zone downwards and conceals itself in crevices and under stones.
Geonemertes is a genus of nemerteans belonging to the family Prosorhochmidae.
Acteonemertidae is a family of worms belonging to the order Monostilifera. It contains 5 genera which are terrestrial and can be found on the Iberian Peninsula.
Geonemertes pelaensis is a species of terrestrial Nemertea. Superficially, Geonemertes pelaensis resembles a land flatworm and lives in the same habitat, but it has an anterior exertile proboscis, whether flatworms have a pharynx located in their ventral side at midlength of body. The number of eyes this nemertean can have varies between 4 and 8 ocelli.
Antiponemertes novaezealandiae is a species of Nemertean worm in the family Prosorhochmidae. The species is found in New Zealand.
References
- ↑ Moore, Janet; Gibson, Ray; Jones, Hugh D. (1 July 2001). "Terrestrial nemerteans thirty years on". Hydrobiologia. 456 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1023/A:1013052728257. ISSN 1573-5117.
 | This nemertean-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |