Apolemichthys xanthurus

Last updated

Apolemichthys xanthurus
Apolemichthys xanthurus.JPG
Apolemichthys xanthurus at Cinéaqua aquarium
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Acanthuriformes
Family: Pomacanthidae
Genus: Apolemichthys
Species:
A. xanthurus
Binomial name
Apolemichthys xanthurus
(Bennett, 1833)
Synonyms [2]

Holacanthus xanthurusBennett, 1833

Apolemichthys xanthurus, the Indian yellowtail angelfish, is a species of marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. Other common names include cream angelfish, smoke angelfish, and yellowtail black angelfish. It is found in the Indian Ocean.

Contents

Description

Apolemichthys xanthurus Has a body which has a cream background colour with a network of dark lines on the scales creating a lattice pattern over this. The edges of the body are a solid dark colour. The caudal fin is bright yellow while the dorsal and anal fins are black with a white margin. [3] Like they closely related, Apolemichthys xanthotis this species has a yellow spot on the upper preoperculum but the black on the head does not extend as far as this spot so it contrasts less with its background. The juveniles have a wide black band running over the eye and an oblique are of black on the back, this patch fades as the fish matures. [4] The dorsal fin contains 14 spines and 17–19 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 17–18 soft rays. This species attains a maximum total length of 15 centimetres (5.9 in). [2]

Distribution

Apolemichthys xanthurus is found in the Indian Ocean. It occurs in the Mascarenes, the Maldives, Sri Lanka and the eastern coast of India. It has been recorded off Myanmar and Thailand and reported from Sulawesi. [1]

Habitat and biology

Apolemichthys xanthurus is typically encountered as solitary individuals or in pairs at depths of 5 to 85 metres (16 to 279 ft) on coral and rocky reefs. [1] They feed on a variety of crustaceans, sponges and algae. [3]

Systematics

Apolemichthys xanthurus was first formally described in 1950 as Holacanthus xanthotis by the British naturalist Edward Turner Bennett (1797–1836) with the type locality given as Sri Lanka. [5] Its specific name xanthurus means "yellow tail" and refers to the yellow tail which also gives this species one of its common names. [6] Within the genus Apolemichthys this species seems to be more closely related to A. griffisi of the Western Pacific Ocean and the allopatric A. xanthotis of the Indian Ocean. [4] This species is thought to have hybridised with A. trimaculatus , the resulting hybrids being described as A. armitagei. [7]

Utilisation and conservation status

Apolemichthys xanthurus is common in the aquarium trade [1] and among the marine angelfishes it is one of the hardiest and easiest to maintain in captivity. [3] Collection from the wild is limited, only 100 were allowed to be exported from the Maldives in 2003, and is not considered a threat to the species which is categorised as Least Concern by the IUCN. [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pomacanthidae</span> Family of fishes

Marine angelfish are perciform fish of the family Pomacanthidae. They are found on shallow reefs in the tropical Atlantic, Indian, and mostly western Pacific Oceans. The family contains seven genera and about 86 species. They should not be confused with the freshwater angelfish, tropical cichlids of the Amazon Basin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lemonpeel angelfish</span> Species of fish

The lemonpeel angelfish, also known as the yellow angelfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region.

<i>Genicanthus watanabei</i> Species of fish

Genicanthus watanabei, the blackedged angelfish or Watanabe’s angelfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found in the Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bluering angelfish</span> Species of fish

The bluering angelfish, also known as the annularis angelfish and the blue king angelfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is member of the genus Pomacanthus, composed of large marine angelfish.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sixbar angelfish</span> Species of fish

The sixbar angelfish, also known as the six banded angelfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found in Indo-Pacific region.

<i>Centropyge eibli</i> Species of fish

Centropyge eibli, the blacktail angelfish, red stripe angelfish, orangelined angelfish, or Eibl dwarf angel is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found near reefs in the Indo-Pacific.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Banded angelfish</span> Species of fish

The banded angelfish, also known as the bandit angelfish and three spine angelfish, is a distinctive species ray-finned fish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is endemic to deeper reefs in Hawaii and the Johnston Atoll.

<i>Zebrasoma xanthurum</i> Species of fish

Zebrasoma xanthurum, the purple tang or yellowtail tang, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Acanthuridae which includes the surgeonfishes, unicornfishes and tangs. This species is endemic to the north western Indian Ocean.

<i>Pomacanthus zonipectus</i> Species of fish

Pomacanthus zonipectus, the Cortez angelfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is from the Eastern Pacific. It occasionally makes its way into the aquarium trade.

<i>Chaetodontoplus meridithii</i> Species of fish

Chaetodontoplus meridithii, the Queensland yellowtail angelfish, Meredith's angelfish or yellow-finned angelfish, yellowtail angelfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found off eastern Australia.

<i>Apolemichthys griffisi</i> Species of fish

Apolemichthys griffisi, or Griffis angelfish, is a species of ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found in the Pacific Ocean. It is a rarity for the species to enter the aquarium trade.

<i>Centropyge multispinis</i> Species of fish

Centropyge multispinis, known by the common names bluefin dwarf, brown pygmy angelfish, dusky angelfish, dusky cherub, many-spined angelfish, and multispined angelfish, is a species of marine ray finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found in tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific area.

<i>Centropyge fisheri</i> Species of fish

Centropyge fisheri, the orange angelfish, whitetail angelfish, damsel angelfish, yellowtail angelfish, Hawaiian flame angelfish, Fisher’s angelfish, Fisher’s dwarf angelfish or Fisher’s pygmy angelfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orangeface angelfish</span> Species of fish

The orangeface angelfish, also known as the blue vermiculate angelfish or maze angelfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found in the Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Goldtail angelfish</span> Species of fish

The goldtail angelfish, also known as the earspot angelfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found in the western Indian Ocean.

<i>Genicanthus melanospilos</i> Species of fish

Genicanthus melanospilos, the spotbreast angelfish, blackspot angelfish or swallowtail angelfish, the family Pomacanthidae. It occurs in the Indo-West Pacific region.

<i>Apolemichthys xanthotis</i> Species of fish

Apolemichthys xanthotis, the yellow-ear angelfish or Red Sea angelfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae.

Genicanthus takeuchii, the spotted angelfish or Takeuchi’s angelfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found in the northwestern Pacific Ocean

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Halfbanded angelfish</span> Species of fish

The halfbanded angelfish is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

The Pitcairn angelfish is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Pyle, R.; Myers, R.F.; Craig, M.T. (2010). "Apolemichthys xanthurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T165844A6146908. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T165844A6146908.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Apolemichthys xanthurus". FishBase . December 2019 version.
  3. 1 2 3 "Apolemichthys xanthurus". Saltcorner!. Bob Goemans. 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
  4. 1 2 Joe Rowlett (2016). "Apolemichthys Angelfishes: Part 2". reef.com. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
  5. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Apolemichthys". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 14 January 2021.
  6. Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (21 July 2020). "Order ACANTHURIFORMES (part 1): Families LOBOTIDAE, POMACANTHIDAE, DREPANEIDAE and CHAETODONTIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
  7. Lemon Tyk (8 December 2014). "Awesome Fish Spotlight: The Armitagei hybrid love child". reefbuilders.com.