Architects of the United States Forest Service

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Architects of the United States Forest Service are credited with the design of many buildings and other structures in National Forests. Some of these are listed on the National Register of Historic Places due to the significance of their architecture. A number of these architectural works are attributed to architectural groups within the Forest Service rather than to any individual architect. Architecture groups or sections were formed within engineering divisions of many of the regional offices of the Forest Service and developed regional styles. [1]

Contents

National consulting architect W. Ellis Groben led development of architectural style for the Forest Service, including by his important 1940 document, "Architectural Trend of Future Forest Service Buildings" [2] and by his 1938 compilation "Acceptable Building Plans: Forest Service Administrative Buildings". [3] He advocated what is now known as non-intrusive architectural design, and advocated regional styles rather than universal style. [3]

Architects of several regions and their works are discussed in the following sections, with the regions having the most information available about them first.

Region 6

Timberline Lodge, Mt. Hood, Oregon, 1943 Mt. Hood and Timberline Lodge, 1943.jpg
Timberline Lodge, Mt. Hood, Oregon, 1943
Early Winters Ranger Station Early Winters Ranger Station-.jpg
Early Winters Ranger Station
Oregon State Forester's Office Building Oregon State Forester's Office Building angle - Salem, Oregon.JPG
Oregon State Forester's Office Building
Imnaha Guard Station Imnaha Guard Station - Rogue River NF Oregon.jpg
Imnaha Guard Station

The architecture group of the Forest Service's Northwest regional office, Region 6, designed works in Oregon and Washington. At an early date the architecture group of this region included architects Linn A. Forrest, Howard L. Gifford, James Pollock and W.I. "Tim" Turner, and landscape architect Emmett U. Blanchfield. According to the National Register nomination for many of their works, "The style that emerged from the Pacific Northwest Region had no clearly identifiable architectural prototype, but reflected the influence of the English Cottage and Norman Farmhouse styles." [4] : 6, 24 

Ellis Groben, national leader of architecture in the Forest Service, reportedly "was impressed with the Northwest Cascadian style of architecture that was started by Tim Turner, Linn Forrest, Dean Wright, and Howard Gifford on Timberline Lodge and numerous CCC facilities in the Washington and Oregon area." [5] Around 1951, architects of the region included A.P. "Benny" DiBenedetto, FAIA, Bill Hummel, Dick Parker, Ken Grimes, Doug Parmenter, and Norm Krause. [5] Around 1958, Joe Mastrandrea, Perry Carter, Ken Reynolds, Terry Young, and Tom Morland joined the staff. [5]

The Region 6 design team received several awards for laboratories in Oregon. [5] DiBenedetto was elected to be president for the Oregon Council of Architects, to be Director of the Pacific and Northwest Region of the American Institute of Architects (ALA) and to serve on the National Board of AIA all while serving as Regional Architect in Region 6 (1951–1961) or as Station Architect, Pacific Northwest (1961–1979). [5]

There are 25 locations whose design is attributed to the Region 6 group. [4] [6] Notable works of Region 6 architects (with attribution as given in NRHP listing if applicable) include:

Region 3

1935 Copper Creek Guard Station, in 2008 CopperCreekCabinPrescottArea074.jpg
1935 Copper Creek Guard Station, in 2008
1935 Columbine Work Station, in 1991 Columbine Work Station residence.jpg
1935 Columbine Work Station, in 1991
Moqui Ranger Station, in 1948 Moqui RS.jpg
Moqui Ranger Station, in 1948

In Region 3, standard plans were prepared under direction from the National Forest's Washington office, but architects at the Region 3 office created plans in the Bungalow style. Bungalow style had been popular for small houses in the U.S. from about 1905 to 1930, and was waning in popularity when Region 3 adopted it. The Region 3 architects further adapted the floor plans of this style for wood frame and for masonry construction in different environmental areas (timbered areas vs. grasslands vs. desert), and adopted Spanish Eclectic and Pueblo Revival styling for desert models. But the low cost of the Bungalow style led to it being used in desert areas, too. [7]

Notable works of Region 3 architects include:

Region 2

Notable works of Region 2 architects (with attribution as given in NRHP listing, if applicable) include:

Region 5

Notable architects of Region 5, California, include Keplar B. Johnson

Region 4

The Lamoille Organization Camp near Lamoille in Elko County, Nevada is a work of the Region 4 Forest Service. [6]

Also the Paradise Valley Ranger Station, in Humboldt County, Nevada, is a work of Forest Service design, built by the CCC.

Region 1

The Big Creek Ranger Station Historic District, in Flathead National Forest in Flathead County, Montana, is a work of Region 1.

Lost Horse Fireman's Cabin, Ravalli County, Montana, is built to a standard Region 1 plan, but with a drive-through porch designed by Clyde Fickes.

Other areas

Notable works of other areas' architects (with attribution as given in NRHP listing, if applicable) include:

See also

Related Research Articles

Brush Creek Work Center United States historic place

The Brush Creek Work Center in Medicine Bow National Forest near Saratoga, Wyoming is a ranger station of the USDA Forest Service, Region 2 that was built during 1937-41 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was designed by architects of the United States Forest Service in rustic style. The designs were applications of standard plans.

Cedar Guard Station No. 1019 United States historic place

The Cedar Guard Station No. 1019 in the Rogue River – Siskiyou National Forest, near Cave Junction, Oregon, was built in 1933 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 for its architecture. It was designed by Forest Service architects in rustic style. The listing included two contributing buildings, a single dwelling and a garage, on a 10-acre (4.0 ha) area.

William Irving Turner American architect

William Irving Turner (1890–1950), commonly known as Tim Turner or W.I. Turner, was an American architect. He served as a U.S. Forest Service architect and is credited with much of the design of Timberline Lodge on Mount Hood in Oregon, an important and influential work.

Early Winters Ranger Station Work Center United States historic place

The Early Winters Ranger Station Work Center in the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest near Winthrop, Washington was built in 1936 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 for its architecture. It was designed by the Northwest Region 6 group of architects of the United States Forest Service, the USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group. The listing included nine contributing buildings over a 9.9-acre (4.0 ha) area, reflecting Rustic architecture. Building functions included as single dwelling, secondary structure, government office, and warehouse.

Leavenworth Ranger Station United States historic place

Leavenworth Ranger Station, also known as the Wenatchee River Ranger District, in Leavenworth, Washington was built during 1937-38 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. It was designed by the United States Forest Service's Region 6 USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group in Rustic architecture. The listing includes nine contributing buildings on a 9.9-acre (4.0 ha) area.

Copper Creek Guard Station United States historic place

The Copper Creek Guard Station was built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1935. It is located in a very remote area, near Black Canyon City, Arizona, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993 for its architecture. It was designed by the USDA Forest Service in Bungalow/Craftsman style. It served historically as a camp and as a government office. The NRHP listing included two contributing buildings on 4 acres (1.6 ha).

Beaver Creek Ranger Station United States historic place

The Beaver Creek Ranger Station near Rimrock, Arizona was built in 1935 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. It was designed by architects of the U.S. Forest Service. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 10, 1993, for its architecture, which is of Bungalow/Craftsman style. It served historically as institutional housing and as government office space. The NRHP listing was for three contributing buildings and two other contributing structures on a 47-acre (19 ha) area.

Lost Lake Guard Station United States historic place

The Lost Lake Guard Station in Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest near Tonasket, Washington was built in 1940 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. It was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on April 11, 1986. It was designed by the USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group of the Pacific Northwest region in Rustic architecture. The listing included a 1.3-acre (0.53 ha) area.

Randle Ranger Station-Work Center United States historic place

Randle Ranger Station-Work Center in Gifford Pinchot National Forest near Randle, Washington was built during 1935-36 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 for its architecture. It was designed by the USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group in Rustic architecture. The listing included seven contributing buildings including a single dwelling, a secondary structure, a warehouse, and a fire station on a 5-acre (2.0 ha) area.

Canelo Ranger Station United States historic place

Canelo Ranger Station, also known as Canelo Work Station, is a historic ranger station in the Coronado National Forest, within Santa Cruz County of southern Arizona. It is located in the ghost town of Canelo, within a small valley between the Canelo Hills on the west and the northern Huachuca Mountains on the east.

Columbine Work Station United States historic place

The Columbine Work Station in Coronado National Forest near Safford, Arizona was built in 1935 by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). The complex is a representative example of a Depression-era Forest Service administrative center. The station is on a high point of the Pinaleño Mountains in forested land. The main residence is in the Forest Service bungalow style. The barn is unique, not designed to a standard Forest Service prototype.

Crown King Ranger Station United States historic place

The Crown King Ranger Station is a ranger station near the top of Crown King Mountain in the area of Crown King, Arizona. It was built in 1934 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. Known also as Crown King Work Station or Crown King Administrative Site, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993 for its architecture. It was designed by the USDA Forest Service in Bungalow/Craftsman style. It served as institutional housing and government office space. The NRHP listing included five contributing buildings on a 1.5-acre (6,100 m2) area. The complex includes a residence, an office, a barn/garage/shop, a hay barn, and a well building.

Lowell Ranger Station United States historic place

The Lowell Ranger Station compound is in the Coronado National Forest of southern Arizona. It is located in Pima County, near Tucson.

Pinedale Ranger Station United States historic place

The Pinedale Ranger Station is in the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests, and located near Pinedale in Navajo County, Arizona.

Pleasant Valley Ranger Station United States historic place

The Pleasant Valley Ranger Station, known also as Pleasant Valley Administrative Site and Young Ranger Station, in Tonto National Forest near Young, Arizona was built in 1919. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993 for its architecture.

Portal Ranger Station United States historic place

The Portal Ranger Station, also known as Portal Work Station, is located in Cave Creek Canyon, in the eastern Chiricahua Mountains, in Coronado National Forest near Portal, southeastern Arizona.

Walnut Creek Ranger Station United States historic place

Walnut Creek Ranger Station, also known as Walnut Creek Work Center, in Prescott National Forest near Prescott, Arizona was built in 1931 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993 for its architecture, which is Bungalow/Craftsman style. It was designed by architects of the United States Forest Service. It served historically as institutional housing and as government office space. The NRHP listing included two contributing buildings on a 5-acre (2.0 ha) area.

Architects of the National Park Service are the architects and landscape architects who were employed by the National Park Service (NPS) starting in 1918 to design buildings, structures, roads, trails and other features in the United States National Parks. Many of their works are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and a number have also been designated as National Historic Landmarks.

Paradise Valley Ranger Station United States historic place

The Paradise Valley Ranger Station, located at 355 S. Main St. in Paradise Valley, serves a district of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest in Humboldt County, northwestern Nevada. It has also been known as the Paradise Valley Guard Station.

College Creek Ranger Station United States historic place

The College Creek Ranger Station, near Imnaha, Oregon outside of Enterprise, Oregon, was built in 1935. It is located along the Imnaha River in the Wallowa–Whitman National Forest. It includes rustic architecture of USDA. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991; the listing includes four contributing buildings.

References

  1. ↑ John R. Grosvenor. "A History of the Architecture of the USDA Forest Service". Archived from the original on 2012-10-02. Retrieved 2011-07-22.
  2. ↑ W. Ellis Groben (January 4, 1940). "Architectural Trend of Future Forest Service Buildings" (PDF).
  3. 1 2 "The Forest Service and The Civilian Conservation Corps: 1933-42, Appendix E: Evaluation of CCC-Era Structures". National Park Service.
  4. 1 2 E. Sail Throop (September 1984). "USDA Forest Service Administrative Buildings in the State of Oregon and Washington built by the Civilian Conservation Corps. / Depression-Era Buildings".
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 "A History of the Architecture of the USDA Forest Service: Chapter 3: People: Leaders and Implementers: A.P. "Benny" DiBenedetto, FAIA". Archived from the original on 2012-10-02. Retrieved 2011-07-22.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  7. ↑ Michael Sullivan; Teri A. Cleeland; J. Michael Bremer (August 24, 1989). "Depression-Era USDA Forest Service Administrative Complexes in Arizona MPS".
  8. ↑ "Teamwork Saves Forest Service History in Minnesota". National Trust for Historic Preservation.
  9. ↑ Kathleen Prouty Eld (July 2003). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Chamberlain Ranger Station Historic District / Chamberlain Guard Station". National Park Service . Retrieved September 18, 2017. With seven photos from 2002.
  10. ↑ Dale L. Decco; Lynn Fredlund (April 23, 1991). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Council Ranger Station / 10-AM-162 and PY-540". National Park Service . Retrieved September 11, 2019. With accompanying 16 photos from 1992

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