Arhythmorhynchus

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Arhythmorhynchus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Acanthocephala
Class: Palaeacanthocephala
Order: Polymorphida
Family: Polymorphidae
Genus: Arhythmorhynchus
Lühe, 1911

Arhythmorhynchus is a genus of parasitic worms in Acanthocephala (thorny-headed worms, also known as spiny-headed worms) belonging to the family Polymorphidae. [1]

Contents

Taxonomy

The genus was described by Lühe in 1911. The National Center for Biotechnology Information does not indicate that any phylogenetic analysis has been published on any Arhythmorhynchus species that would confirm its position as a unique genus in the family Polymorphidae. [2]

Description

Arhythmorhynchus species consist of a proboscis covered in hooks and a long trunk.

Species

The genus Arhythmorhynchus contains many species. [1]

Distribution

The distribution of Arhythmorhynchus is determined by that of its hosts. The species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern America. [1]

Hosts

Life cycle of Acanthocephala. Acanthocephala LifeCycle lg.jpg
Life cycle of Acanthocephala.

The life cycle of an acanthocephalan consists of three stages beginning when an infective acanthor (development of an egg) is released from the intestines of the definitive host and then ingested by an arthropod, the intermediate host. The intermediate hosts of Arhythmorhynchus are arthropods. When the acanthor molts, the second stage called the acanthella begins. This stage involves penetrating the wall of the mesenteron or the intestine of the intermediate host and growing. The final stage is the infective cystacanth which is the larval or juvenile state of an Acanthocephalan, differing from the adult only in size and stage of sexual development. The cystacanths within the intermediate hosts are consumed by the definitive host, usually attaching to the walls of the intestines, and as adults they reproduce sexually in the intestines. The acanthor is passed in the feces of the definitive host and the cycle repeats. There may be paratenic hosts (hosts where parasites infest but do not undergo larval development or sexual reproduction) for xx. [6]

Arhythmorhynchus parasitizes animals. There are no reported cases of Arhythmorhynchus infesting humans in the English language medical literature. [5]

Notes

  1. ↑ There are no known aberrant human infections for Arhythmorhynchus species. [5]

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Arhythmorhynchus Lühe, 1911". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  2. ↑ Schoch, Conrad L; Ciufo, Stacy; Domrachev, Mikhail; Hotton, Carol L; Kannan, Sivakumar; Khovanskaya, Rogneda; Leipe, Detlef; Mcveigh, Richard; O’Neill, Kathleen; Robbertse, Barbara; Sharma, Shobha; Soussov, Vladimir; Sullivan, John P; Sun, Lu; Turner, Seán; Karsch-Mizrachi, Ilene (2020). "NCBI Taxonomy: a comprehensive update on curation, resources and tools". Taxonomy Browser. NCBI. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
  3. ↑ Van Cleave, H. J.; Rausch, R. L. (1950). "A new species of the Acanthocephalan genus Arhythmorhynchus from sandpipers of Alaska". Journal of Parasitology. 36 (3): 278–283. Retrieved 2025-12-21.
  4. ↑ CDC’s Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria (April 11, 2019). "Acanthocephaliasis". www.cdc.gov. Center for Disease Control. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  5. 1 2 Mathison, BA; et al. (2021). "Human Acanthocephaliasis: a Thorn in the Side of Parasite Diagnostics". J Clin Microbiol. 59 (11): e02691-20. doi:10.1128/JCM.02691-20. PMC   8525584 . PMID   34076470.
  6. ↑ Schmidt, G.D. (1985). "Development and life cycles". In Crompton, D.W.T.; Nickol, B.B. (eds.). Biology of the Acanthocephala (PDF). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 273–305. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2023.


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