Arrowroot tea | |
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Type | Herbal tea |
Other names |
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Origin | East Asia |
Quick description | Tea made from East Asian arrowroot |
Temperature | 100 °C (212 °F) |
Chinese name | |||||||||||
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Chinese | 葛根 茶 | ||||||||||
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Korean name | |
Hangul | 칡차 |
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Hanja | 칡茶 |
Revised Romanization | chikcha |
McCune–Reischauer | ch'ikch'a |
IPA | [tɕʰik̚.tɕʰa] |
Hangul | 갈근차 |
Hanja | 葛根茶 |
Revised Romanization | galgeun-cha |
McCune–Reischauer | kalgŭn-ch'a |
IPA | [kal.ɡɯn.tɕʰa] |
Hangul | 갈분차 |
Hanja | 葛粉茶 |
Revised Romanization | galbun-cha |
McCune–Reischauer | kalbun-ch'a |
IPA | [kal.bun.tɕʰa] |
Arrowroot tea, [1] also called kudzu tea, [2] is a traditional East Asian tea made from East Asian arrowroot, [3] a type of kudzu.
Arrowroot tea is called gegen-cha (葛根茶) in Chinese,kuzuyu (葛湯;くずゆ) in Japanese,and chikcha (칡차),galgeun-cha (갈근차;葛根茶),and galbun-cha (갈분차;葛粉茶) in Korean.
Kuzuyu (葛湯) is a sweet Japanese beverage that is made by adding kudzu flour to hot water. It has a thick,honey-like texture,and a pale,translucent appearance. [4] It is served in a mug or tea bowl. During the winter,Kuzuyu is traditionally served for dessert as a hot drink.
In Japanese,Kuzu (葛) is the word for "kudzu". It is also translated as "arrowroot", [5] although kudzu and arrowroot are distinct plants. Yu (湯) means "hot water". [6] [7] In English,the name of the drink is sometimes translated as kudzu starch gruel [8] [7] [9] or arrowroot tea.
In order to make Kuzuyu,Kudzu flour is added to hot water and stirred until thick. Kudzu flour,or Kuzuko (葛粉),is a powder that is made from the dried root of the kudzu plant. Kudzu flour can also be used in East Asian sauces and soups,as it is a powerful thickening agent. [10] When added to hot water,it quickly alters the water's texture. Though lacking fragrance and taste in its powder form,the arrowroot takes on a unique sweet flavor when dissolved in the hot water.
Chikcha (칡차;"arrowroot tea") can be made with either sliced East Asian arrowroot or the starch powder made from the root. [1] [11] Chick (칡) is the native Korean name of the plant,while cha (차;茶) means "tea". Chikcha can also refer to the tea made from arrowroot flower. [12] Chikcha made from powdered arrowroot is also called galbun-cha (갈분차;葛粉茶). Galbun-cha is a Sino-Korean name for the drink,formed from gal (갈,葛:the Korean pronunciation of the Chinese word for kudzu) and bun (분,粉:the Korean pronunciation of the Chinese word for "flour,powder"). [13] Conversely,chikcha made by boiling the dried roots is called galgeun-cha (갈근차;葛根茶),with geun (근;根) meaning "root". [14]
The roots are harvested from late autumn to early spring. They are then washed,peeled,and sun-dried. [12] To make tea,15–20 g (0.53–0.71 oz) of fresh roots are simmered in 600 ml (21 imp fl oz;20 US fl oz) of water over low heat,until the water is reduced by two thirds. [11] [12] Jujubes can also be boiled with the shredded roots if desired. [11] The tea can be served hot or cold. While honey may be added to taste,sugar is not recommended. [12]
An alternative tea can be made by ground arrowroot. First,the roots are torn into thin shreds. They are then dried for twenty days in shade,followed by ten days in a hot ondol room,after which they are ground to a starch powder. [12] Tea is then made by mixing the starch powder with hot water. [13] The gruel-like tea that results can also be combined with sugar,milk,green tea,or cocoa. [11] [13] Similar tea can also be made using starch powder from the scaly bulbs of Asian fawnlily. [13]
Chikcha made from the arrowroot flowers can also be prepared by infusing two dried flowers,preferably picked in August,in 600 ml (21 imp fl oz;20 US fl oz) of hot water. [12]
Kudzu,also called Japanese arrowroot or Chinese arrowroot,is a group of climbing,coiling,and trailing deciduous perennial vines native to much of East Asia,Southeast Asia,and some Pacific islands,but invasive in many parts of the world,primarily North America.
Cellophane noodles,or fensi,sometimes called glass noodles,are a type of transparent noodle made from starch and water. A stabilizer such as chitosan may also be used.
Barley tea is a roasted-grain-based infusion made from barley. It is a staple across many East Asian countries such as China,Japan,and Korea. It has a toasty,bitter flavor.
Compressed tea,called tea bricks,tea cakes or tea lumps,and tea nuggets according to the shape and size,are blocks of whole or finely ground black tea,green tea,or post-fermented tea leaves that have been packed in molds and pressed into block form. This was the most commonly produced and used form of tea in ancient China prior to the Ming Dynasty. Although tea bricks are less commonly produced in modern times,many post-fermented teas,such as pu-erh,are still commonly found in bricks,discs,and other pressed forms. Tea bricks can be made into beverages like tea or eaten as food,and were also used in the past as a form of currency.
Brown rice tea,called hyeonmi-cha in Korean and nước gạo lứt,nước gạo lứt rang,or nước gạo rang in Vietnamese,is an infusion made from roasted brown rice.
Acorn noodle soup,called dotoriguksu in Korean,is a noodle soup consisting of Korean noodles made from acorn flour or starch,salt,and a combination of grain-based flour.
Lotus tea is an infusion made from lotus leaves,flowers,roots,fruit,seeds,or embryos. It is known as liánchá in Chinese and yeoncha in Korean. It is also known as tràsen in Vietnamese.
Matcha (抹茶) is a finely ground powder of specially grown and processed green tea leaves that originated in China. Later,the green color exhibited in most modern matcha was developed in Japan,where most matcha is produced today. In the 12th century at the latest,Chinese compressed tea,the raw material for matcha,was introduced to Japan. When the production of compressed tea was banned in China in 1391,matcha was abandoned in China but continued to develop in Japan thereafter.
Ginger tea is a herbal beverage that is made from ginger root. It has a long history as a traditional herbal medicine in East Asia,South Asia,Southeast Asia,and West Asia.
Doncha,also called jeoncha,is a coin-shaped post-fermented tea produced in Korea. The tea has been called cheongtae-jeon in the Jangheung region in South Jeolla Province.
Gugi-cha or goji tea is a traditional Chinese and Korean tea made from dried goji berries or leaves. Traditionally,the tea was made with young goji leaves. Today,mature leaves or,more commonly,berries are used. The tea made with berries may be called gugija-cha or goji berry tea,while the tea made with leaves is referred to as gugiyeop-cha or goji leaf tea.
Arrowroot is a starch obtained from the rhizomes (rootstock) of several tropical plants,traditionally Maranta arundinacea,but also Florida arrowroot from Zamia integrifolia,and tapioca from cassava,which is often labeled arrowroot. Polynesian arrowroot or pia,from Palawan-Philippines arrowroot ("uraro/araro"),and Japanese arrowroot,also called kudzu,are used in similar ways. In India,it is called palua.
Pine needle tea or pine leaf tea is a herbal tea made from pine needles,or the leaves of pine trees. In Korea,the tea made from the leaves of Korean red pine or Manchurian red pine is known as solip-cha (솔잎차),while the tea made from the leaves of Korean pine is known as jannip-cha (잣잎차) or baek yeop-Cha. In North America,pine needle tea may be made from the leaves of Eastern white pine and Loblolly,Virginia Pine,Long Leaf Pine.
Buckwheat tea,known as memil-cha (메밀차) in Korea,soba-cha (そば茶) in Japan,and kuqiao-cha in China,is a tea made from roasted buckwheat. Like other traditional Korean teas,memil-cha can be drunk either warm or cold and is sometimes served in place of water. Recently,tartari buckwheat grown in Gangwon Province is popular for making memil-cha,as it is nuttier and contains more rutin.
Gamnip-cha (Korean: 감잎차) or persimmon leaf tea is a traditional Korean tea made from the dried leaves of Oriental persimmon.
Maehwa-cha or plum blossom tea is a traditional Korean tea made by infusing dried flowers of Korean plum in hot water. During the early spring,half-open buds of plum blossoms are picked,dried,and preserved in honey. It is served,with ten flowers in a teapot and by pouring 50 millilitres of hot water. The tea can be enjoyed after one to two minutes of steeping.
Dohwa-cha or peach flower tea is a traditional Korean tea made from the dried peach flowers. It is believed that dohwa-cha helps treating constipation and calculus.
Kelp tea is a tea made from kelp.It is called konbu-cha or kobu-cha in Japan,haidai-cha (海带茶) in China and dasima-cha (다시마차) in Korea.
Pueraria montana var. lobata,the East Asian arrowroot,or kudzu vine,is a perennial plant in the family Fabaceae.