Ashley Formation

Last updated
Ashley Formation
Stratigraphic range: Lower Oligocene (Rupelian)
Type Geological formation
Sub-unitsGettysville Member, Runnymeade Marl Member and Givhans Ferry Member. [1]
Location
RegionFlag of South Carolina.svg  South Carolina
CountryFlag of the United States.svg  United States

The Ashley Formation is a geologic formation in South Carolina. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period.

Contents

Vertebrate fauna

Mammals

Carnivorans
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Phocidae Gen. et. sp. indeterminateProximal portion of a right femur (ChM PV5713). [2] "A taxon closely comparable to the most specialized phocid, the modern genus Cystophora".
Cetaceans
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Agorophius A. pygmaeusUnderwater cliff face from the base of the formation. [3] A skull. [3]
Agorophius pygmaeus.jpg
Albertocetus A. meffordorumGivhans Ferry Member and Runnymede Marl Member. [4] A partial skeleton and an isolated braincase. [4] A xenorophid.
Albertocetus reconstruction outline.jpg
Ankylorhiza A. tiedemani AMNH 10445 (partial rostrum) and CCNHM 220 (partial skull and associated vertebrae). [5] An odontocete.
Ankylorhiza tiedemani life reconstruction by PaleoGeek.png
Ashleycetus A. planicapitisNear Charleston, South Carolina. [6] A partial skull. [6]
Coronodon C. havensteini"Wando River near Highway 41 Bridge, Berkeley County, South Carolina". [7] A basal mysticete.
Coronodon anterolateral at Mace Brown Museum of Natural History.jpg
Ediscetus E. osbornei"Slightly outside the odontocete crown group". [8]
Micromysticetus M. rothauseni2 braincases without rostra. [9]
Saurocetus S. gibbesi [10] A cheek tooth (MCZ 8760). [11]
Xenorophus X. sloaniiIncomplete skull. [12] A xenorophid.
Sirenians
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Crenatosiren C. olseni [13] A dugongid also found in the Chandler Bridge and Parachucla formations.
Stegosiren S. macei [14] A dugongid also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation.
Stegosiren skeleton.jpg

Reptiles

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxonTaxon falsely reported as presentDubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Crocodilians
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Gavialosuchus G. carolinensis Dorchester County, South Carolina. [15] ChM PV 4282 (mandible). [15] Now moved to the genus Thecachampsa .
Thecachampsa T. carolinensis Dorchester County, South Carolina. [15] ChM PV 4282 (mandible). [15] A gavialoid.
Thecachampsa carolinensis.jpg
Turtles
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Ashleychelys A. palmeriEast bank of Limehouse Branch, Berkeley County, South Carolina. [16] A cheloniid also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation.
Carolinochelys C. wilsoniMCZ 1005-A (a nearly complete skull) and ChM PV8309. [16] A cheloniid also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation.
Carolinachelys wilsoni skull and shell.jpg
Natemys N. sp. 1Givhan's Ferry Member. [17] CCNHM 4288 (a non-ridged carapacial ossicle). [17] A dermochelyid also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation.
N. sp. 2?Givhan's Ferry Member and ?Runnymede Marl Member. [17] CCNHM 4287.1 and 4287.2 (a pair of associated non-ridged carapacial ossicles) and CCNHM

4910 (a non-ridged ossicle). [17]

A dermochelyid.
Procolpochelys P. charlestonensisA humerus (MCZ 1005-B). [16] A cheloniid also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation.
Procolpochelys charlestonensis skull and shell.jpg
cf. Psephophorus cf. P. sp.Givhan's Ferry Member. [17] CCNHM 5460 (an isolated non-ridged carapacial ossicle). [17] A dermochelyid also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation.
Psephophorus sp. LACM.jpg

Fish

Cartilaginous fish

Rays
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Dasyatis "D." sp.Givhans Ferry Member. [1] Multiple teeth. [1] A stingray.
Common stingray tynemouth.jpg
Mobula "M." sp.Givhans Ferry Member. [1] A devil ray.
Mobula breaching.jpg
Plinthicus P. sp.Givhans Ferry Member. [1] A tooth (SC2007.36.48). [1]
Raja R. mccollumiGivhans Ferry Member. [1] Abundant teeth. [1] A skate also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation.
"R." sp.Givhans Ferry Member. [1] Multiple teeth. [1] A skate, appears to be conspecific with R. sp. from the Chandler Bridge Formation.
Rhinoptera "R." sp.Givhans Ferry Member. [1] A broken symphyseal tooth (SC2015.29.30). [1] A cownose ray.
Rhinoptera steindachneri.jpg
Rhynchobatus R. sp.Givhans Ferry Member. [1] Teeth (SC2007.36.39, SC2015.29.13, SC2015.29.32). [1] A wedgefish.
Rhynchobatus djiddensis durban.jpg
Taeniurops "T." cavernosusGivhans Ferry Member. [1] Multiple teeth. [1] A stingray.
Sharks
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Araloselachus A. sp.May be derived from the Givhans Ferry Member. [1] Teeth. [1]
Carcharhinus C. gibbesiGivhans Ferry Member. [1] A large number of teeth. [1] The most common shark in the Ashley Formation sample.
Carcharhinus gibbesi - Chandler Bridge Formation - USA.jpg
Galeocerdo G. aduncusGivhans Ferry Member. [1] Teeth. [1] A ground shark.
Galeocerdo aduncus 323.jpg
Ginglymostomatidae Gen. et. sp. indeterminateGivhans Ferry Member. [1] A partial tooth (SC2007.36.208). [1] A nurse shark.
Hemipristis H. cf. H. serra Givhans Ferry Member. [1] 4 teeth (SC2007.36.7, SC2007.36.8, SC2007.36.9). [1] A weasel shark.
Hemipristis serra teeth.jpg
Otodus O. angustidens Ashley River, in the Givhans Ferry Member. [1] Ablated specimens. [1] A megatoothed shark.
4-25 Angustidens.jpg
Pachyscyllium P. sp.Givhans Ferry Member. [1] A tooth (SC2007.36.5). [1] A catshark.
Physogaleus P. cf. P. contortusGivhans Ferry Member. [1] SC2007.36.19, SC2007.36.20 (four teeth), SC2015.29.27. [1] A ground shark.
P. sp.Givhans Ferry Member. [1] SC2007.36.21 and SC2007.36.22. [1] A ground shark.
Pristiophorus P. sp.Givhans Ferry Member. [1] An incomplete tooth crown (SC2015.29.20). [1] A sawshark.
Pristiophorus delicatus csiro-nfc.jpg
Scyliorhinus S. weemsiGivhans Ferry Member. [1] Multiple teeth. [1] A catshark.
Sphyrnidae Gen. et. sp. indeterminateGivhans Ferry Member. [1] SC2007.36.23, SC2007.36.24, SC2007.36.25 (11 teeth), SC2007.36.26, SC2007.36.27, SC2007.36.28 (five teeth). [1] A hammerhead shark.
Squalus S. sp.Givhans Ferry Member. [1] Teeth. [1] A spurdog.
Squalus acanthias2.jpg
Squatina S. sp.Givhans Ferry Member. [1] Teeth (SC2007.36.4, SC2007.36.126, SC2007.36.149, SC2007.36.227, SC2015.29.18, SC2015.29.19, SC2015.33.2). [1] An angelshark.
Squatina dumeril nefsc.jpg
Trigonotodus T. alteriTeeth. [1] A thresher shark.
Trigonotodus alteri lateral tooth (Oligocene, Chandler Bridge FM, SC).jpg

Bony fish

Bony fish
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Albula A. sp.Givhans Ferry Member. [1] SC2007.36.165, SC2007.36.228 (five teeth), SC2015.29.200 (66 teeth), SC2015.29.201, SC2015.29.204. [1] A bonefish.
Bonefish Albula vulpes.jpg
Archosargus A. sp.Givhans Ferry Member. [1] Multiple teeth. [1] A sea bream.
Sheepshead.jpg
?Calamus ?C. sp.Givhans Ferry Member. [1] Teeth. [1] A sea bream.
Calamus bajonado.jpg
Diplodus D. sp.Givhans Ferry Member. [1] SC2015.29.195 (13 teeth), SC2015.29.222, SC2015.29.223, SC2015.29.224. [1] A sea bream.
Sargo real (Diplodus cervinus), franja marina Teno-Rasca, Tenerife, Espana, 2022-01-09, DD 49.jpg
?Labridae Gen. et. sp. indet.Givhans Ferry Member. [1] Multiple teeth. [1] A wrasse.
Osteoglossidae Gen. et. sp. indeterminateGivhans Ferry Member. [1] Teeth. [1]
Palaeocybium P. sp.Givhans Ferry Member. [1] A tooth (SC2007.36.122), a neurocranium and a left dentary. [1] A scombrid.
Paralichthyidae Gen. et. sp. indeterminateGivhans Ferry Member. [1] A tooth (SC2015.36.259). [1] A flatfish.
?Pogonias ?P. sp.Givhans Ferry Member. [1] Teeth. [1] A croaker.
Pogonias cromis (S0897) (12639311174).jpg
Scomberomorus S. sp.Givhans Ferry Member. [1] Teeth. [1] A scombrid.
Scomberomorus cavalla.png
?Sciaenops ?S. sp.Givhans Ferry Member. [1] Many teeth. [1] A croaker.
Sciaenops ocellatus (S0230) (12527956414).jpg
Sphyraena S. sp.Givhans Ferry Member. [1] Many cheek and laniary teeth. [1] A barracuda.
Barracuda with prey.jpg
Trichiurides T. cf. T. sagittidensGivhans Ferry Member. [1] 2 ablated laniary teeth. [1] A cutlassfish.

See also

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 Cicimurri, David J.; Knight, James L.; Ebersole, Jun A. (2022). "Early Oligocene (Rupelian) fishes (Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes) from the Ashley Formation (Cooper Group) of South Carolina, USA". PaleoBios. 39 (1). doi: 10.5070/P939056976 . ISSN   0031-0298. S2CID   247912932.
  2. ↑ J., Ray, Clayton Edward. Emry, Robert (2002). Cenozoic mammals of land and sea : tributes to the career of Clayton E. Ray. Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 179–183. OCLC   1035595001.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. 1 2 Godfrey, Stephen J.; Uhen, Mark D.; Osborne, Jason E.; Edwards, Lucy E. (January 2016). "A new specimen of Agorophius pygmaeus (Agorophiidae, Odontoceti, Cetacea) from the early Oligocene Ashley Formation of South Carolina, USA". Journal of Paleontology. 90 (1): 154–169. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.4. ISSN   0022-3360. S2CID   132593720.
  4. 1 2 Boessenecker, Robert W.; Ahmed, Erum; Geisler, Jonathan H. (2017-11-08). "New records of the dolphin Albertocetus meffordorum (Odontoceti: Xenorophidae) from the lower Oligocene of South Carolina: Encephalization, sensory anatomy, postcranial morphology, and ontogeny of early odontocetes". PLOS ONE. 12 (11): e0186476. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1286476B. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186476 . ISSN   1932-6203. PMC   5695589 . PMID   29117197.
  5. ↑ Boessenecker, Robert W.; Churchill, Morgan; Buchholtz, Emily A.; Beatty, Brian L.; Geisler, Jonathan H. (2020-08-17). "Convergent Evolution of Swimming Adaptations in Modern Whales Revealed by a Large Macrophagous Dolphin from the Oligocene of South Carolina". Current Biology. 30 (16): 3267–3273.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.012 . ISSN   0960-9822. PMID   32649912. S2CID   220435400.
  6. 1 2 Sanders, Albert E.; Geisler, Jonathan H. (2015-01-02). "A new basal odontocete from the upper Rupelian of South Carolina, U.S.A., with contributions to the systematics of Xenorophus and Mirocetus (Mammalia, Cetacea)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 35 (1): e890107. doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.890107. ISSN   0272-4634. S2CID   85040115.
  7. ↑ Geisler, Jonathan H.; Boessenecker, Robert W.; Brown, Mace; Beatty, Brian L. (2017-07-10). "The Origin of Filter Feeding in Whales". Current Biology. 27 (13): 2036–2042.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.003 . ISSN   0960-9822. PMID   28669761. S2CID   36765725.
  8. ↑ Albright, L. Barry; Sanders, Albert E.; Geisler, Jonathan H. (April 2019). "An Unexpectedly Derived Odontocete from the Ashley Formation (Upper Rupelian) of South Carolina, U.S.A." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 38 (4): (1)-(15). doi:10.1080/02724634.2018.1482555. ISSN   0272-4634. S2CID   92830510.
  9. ↑ Sanders Albert, E.; Barnes Lawrence, G. (2002-11-21). "Paleontology of the late Oligocene Ashley and Chandler Bridge Formations of South Carolina; 2, Micromysticetus rothauseni, a primitive cetoteriid mysticete (Mammalia, Cetacea)". Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. 93: 271–293.
  10. ↑ L. Agassiz. 1848. [on the species Saurocetus gibbesii]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4:4-5
  11. ↑ Dooley, Alton C. Jr (2003). "A Review of the Eastern North American Squalodontidae (Mammalia: Cetacea)". Jeffersoniana (11): 1–26.
  12. ↑ Kellogg, Remington (1923). "Description of an apparently new toothed cetacean from South Carolina". Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 76 (7): 1–7.
  13. ↑ Domning, Daryl P. (1997-06-19). "Fossil Sirenia of the west Atlantic and Caribbean region. VI. Crenatosiren olseni (Reinhart, 1976)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 17 (2): 397–412. doi:10.1080/02724634.1997.10010984. ISSN   0272-4634.
  14. ↑ Domning, Daryl P.; Beatty, Brian L. (2019-05-04). "Fossil Sirenia of the West Atlantic and Caribbean region. XII. Stegosiren macei, gen. et sp. nov". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (3): e1650369. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1650369. ISSN   0272-4634. S2CID   203407242.
  15. 1 2 3 4 R.., Erickson, Bruce (1996). The estuarine crocodile Gavialosuchus Carolinensis n.sp. (Crocodylia : Eusuchia) from the late Oligocene of South Carolina, North America (PDF). Science Museum of Minnesota. OCLC   491733633.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. 1 2 3 Weems, Robert E.; Sanders, Albert E. (January 2014). "Oligocene pancheloniid sea turtles from the vicinity of Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (1): 80–99. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.792826. ISSN   0272-4634. S2CID   128543145.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Multispecies leatherback turtle assemblage from the Oligocene Chandler Bridge and Ashley formations of South Carolina, USA - Acta Palaeontologica Polonica". www.app.pan.pl. Retrieved 2022-09-11.


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